Abstract
This paper is on the job description of an aquatic biologist. It includes the main prospective of the job, how biologists deal with it and what is it all about, the different categories of jobs within the same field, what attracts people to the field of biology, and the requirements to be fulfilled for this job.

Tags:aquatic, biologist

Abstract
The paper is a review and synthesis of scientific literature on how nutrient cycling, energy and biodiversity interact with and influence one another and are related to aquatic ecosystem function. The paper reviews some of the new techniques in measuring microbial diversity and some of the disadvantages of these techniques.

From the Paper
"This paper reviews past and present literature on microbial diversity, biogeochemistry and how they are interrelated. The paper starts with a short overview on diversity and the aquatic ecosystem and then moves further to review some of the new techniques in measuring microbial diversity and some of the disadvantages of these techniques. A short discussion of biogeochemical processes follows. Finally, studies that link diversity to the overall functioning of the system are presented."

Tags:microbial, diversity, aquatic

Abstract
The paper discusses how the shortnose sturgeon is among the federally endangered aquatic species, which are protected by federal government
The paper relates that the shortnose sturgeon is regarded as one of the most successful recoveries of endangered species and will continue to be protected to the measure necessary to conserve its habitat and population. The paper adds that this will undoubtedly strengthen local economies and influence more protection measures of other declining aquatic species.

From the Paper
"The Shortnose Sturgeon, formally referred to as Acipenser brevirostrum, is among the federally endangered aquatic species, which are protected by federal government (SOCNFWR, 2007). The Shortnose Sturgeon is commonly found along the Connecticut River from Turners Falls, Massachusetts to the Long Island Sound. It is the smallest of three sturgeon species known to inhabit North America. These fish are known for their long life spans - known to exceed 65 years for females, and nearly 30 for males (Dadswell, 1984)."

Tags:protection, habitat, populations, conservation

Abstract
This paper discusses an aquatic ecosystem located in a botanical garden in which dragonfly larva eat stickleback fish, which eat daphnia. The author describes the dragonfly larva, the stickleback fish and the daphnia and points out that the actions of these three entities in this aquatic ecosystem transfer nutrients into energy as they move through the food chain. The author concludes that the presence of predators has an effect on the morphology of each of the species and any changes in their behavior affects the environment as a whole.

From the Paper
"A study by Arnqvist and Johansson (1998) considers ways in which the dragonfly larva may show the effects of adaptive phenotypic plasticity, meaning that the form of the insect based on environmental considerations, one of which is the action of predator-induced defenses in prey. Predation is known to affect the phenotypic expression of a wide range of traits in a way that reduces the impact of predation. Most studies have examined traits that exhibit switched plasticity and usually do not examine the ontogenetic growth trajectories of defense structures."

Tags:predator, adaptive phenotypic plasticity, ontogenetic nymphs crustaceans

Abstract
This paper reviews, discusses and analyzes the effect that chemical fertilizer has on the aquatic life in the water surrounding the areas that have been treated by such fertilizers. The paper provides an overview of water systems and how they function, followed by a discussion of the different types of chemical fertilizers in use today.

Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The quality of water systems is determined by the degree to which bodies of water are able to support aquatic life while also meeting standards for the protection of human health and the preservation of human life; this level of contamination is determined by establishing baseline standards to measure the periodic relative quality of each individual water system against these original standards (Henning & Mangun 251). Attempts to either maintain or restore the quality of the water in these systems are developed according to the amounts and kinds of material that are emptied into the waterways; the quality of water in streams, rivers, lakes and oceans therefore depends on the capacity of each of these water systems to clean themselves of the various pollutants. According to Henning and Mangun, this ability depends on the types and amounts of the pollutants as well as with water temperatures, rate of water flow, degree of sedimentation, and mineral content (251). The mineral content of pollutants containing chemical fertilizers already account for the lion's share of the nitrogen being released into the world's water systems, but there are other elements involved in modern chemical fertilizers as well, and these are discussed further below."

Tags:processes, fuel, sustainable, agriculture, natural, terrestrial, sources, nitrogen

Abstract
This paper examines the nature of Multiple Sclerosis. It discusses its symptoms, probable causes, diagnosis and treatment. The paper then evaluates the effectiveness of a rehabilitative technique said to be useful to a variety of patients with chronic illnesses including those patients with multiple sclerosis. In particular, the study evaluates the effects of Aquatic Therapy for improving the functionality of MS patients. The primary method used to develop this evaluation is that of a literature search on the subject.

From the Paper
"Because MS is a neurological disorder, other pertinent literature regarding the benefits of aquatic therapy consists of studies indicating that the rehabilitation strategy has worked for patients with general neurologic disorders. In this regard, Morris (1997) discusses several benefits that have been for Aquatic Therapy with patients with neurologic disorders. The benefits listed by Morris include: profound relaxation, greater stretching of muscles resulting in increased flexibility, increased muscular strength, increased ability of the patient to stabilize multiple segments of the body, improved skill in specific patterns of movement, and increases in postural stability during functional activities."

Tags:central, nervous, system, WATSU, TITA

Abstract
Examines nature of Multiple Sclerosis (MS); symptoms, probable causes of the disease, diagnosis, treatments. Extensive literature review. Discusses effectiveness of aquatic therapy as a rehabilitative technique, its physical and psychological gains. Also discusses land-based exercises, and other treatments such as drug therapy. Presents an example treatment plan.

From the Paper
"The Efficacy of Aquatic Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Chapter I
Introduction


Background
This study reviews the literature on Aquatic Therapy and its general effects on patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in order to evaluate the effectiveness of this form of rehabilitation for MS patients. So that the study may be fully understood, some background is needed regarding MS. This background is provided here with a discussion of the basic nature of the disease and its symptoms, its probable causes, its diagnosis, and general treatment.


Nature of MS and Symptoms
The nature of MS has been discussed by Giovannoni and..."

Abstract
Discusses problems incurring from acquatic species brought to the U.S. from Europe in ballast water of ships. Describes each species. Disruption of these nonindigenous species on the normal food chain, causing reduction in number of indigenous game fish. Negative economic impact on U.S. Fisning Industry. Possible measures that can be taken to prevent further invasion by nonindigenous acquatic species.

From the Paper
"Abstract
The zebra mussel, Eurasian watermilfoil and round and tubenose goby are all nonindigenous species thought to have been brought to the United States from Europe in the ballast water of ocean-going vessels. These vessels pick up ballast water in their homeport when they are carrying a light load and discharge it here in U.S. waters when picking up heavier loads. This water often contains small fish, shellfish and plants native to the port where the ballast water was picked up, e.g. the Caspian Sea. Since these nonindigenous species have no natural predators here, they flourish and often outstrip native plants and waterlife by competing for food and space. This can severely disrupt the normal food chain, and cause the disappearance, or severe reduction in numbers of game fish..."

Abstract
The paper reviews past and present literature on microbial diversity, bio-geochemistry and how they are interrelated. The paper provides a short overview on diversity and the aquatic ecosystem and reviews some of the new techniques in measuring microbial diversity as well as some of the disadvantages of these techniques. The paper discusses the biogeochemical processes and presents studies that link diversity to the overall functioning of the system.

Outline:
Introduction
Biodiversity
Aquatic Ecosystem
Measurement of Microbial Diversity
Trophic Interactions in Aquatic Systems
Biogeochemical Cycling
Diversity and Aquatic System Functioning

From the Paper
"Although microorganisms are barely visible in the aquatic system, they play a very important role in the processes occurring in the system be it in the food web or in nutrient cycling of the system, also called biogeochemical cycle. According to Kiorboe (1993), the majority of the biological activity in pelagic systems are performed by microorganisms smaller than 100 m. Larger organisms, on the other hand, play a very minor role in the nutrient and energy cycling of the system."

Tags:ecosystems, microorganisms, biogeochemical, cycle

Abstract
This paper examines the West Indian manatee, which is one of the world's largest aquatic mammals. It discuss its dwindling population due to heavy hunting in the 18th century and modern coastal development. The paper describes the feeding habits of the manatee and its biology.

Table of Contents:
Taxonomic Classification
Growth & Reproduction
Structure, Morphology and Physiology
Feeding Habits
Communication
Behavior
Ecology
Range & Status

From the Paper
"The West Indian Manatee is the common name for large mammal indigenous to coastal regions in the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico (Lefebvre, O'Shea, Rathbun, and Best (1989). Manatees are on average around 3.5 meters long at their full adult size (Lefebvre). Their average weight is an estimated 1869 kg, though they can grow up to 4 meters, and weigh as much as 5607 kg (Lefebvre). Looking at Table 1 (below), their taxonomy is laid out from Kingdom Animalia, to their species name manatus. Manatees typically can be expected to live about 60 years (Lefebvre). Manatees are aquatic mammals, who only eat plants (Guerra 2001)."

Tags:Caribbean, Gulf, of, Mexico, animals, marine