Abstract This paper is on the job description of an aquatic biologist. It includes the main prospective of the job, how biologists deal with it and what is it all about, the different categories of jobs within the same field, what attracts people to the field of biology, and the requirements to be fulfilled for this job.
Abstract This paper discusses an aquatic ecosystem located in a botanical garden in which dragonfly larva eat stickleback fish, which eat daphnia. The author describes the dragonfly larva, the stickleback fish and the daphnia and points out that the actions of these three entities in this aquatic ecosystem transfer nutrients into energy as they move through the food chain. The author concludes that the presence of predators has an effect on the morphology of each of the species and any changes in their behavior affects the environment as a whole.
From the Paper "A study by Arnqvist and Johansson (1998) considers ways in which the dragonfly larva may show the effects of adaptive phenotypic plasticity, meaning that the form of the insect based on environmental considerations, one of which is the action of predator-induced defenses in prey. Predation is known to affect the phenotypic expression of a wide range of traits in a way that reduces the impact of predation. Most studies have examined traits that exhibit switched plasticity and usually do not examine the ontogenetic growth trajectories of defense structures."
Abstract The paper discusses how the shortnose sturgeon is among the federally endangered aquatic species, which are protected by federal government
The paper relates that the shortnose sturgeon is regarded as one of the most successful recoveries of endangered species and will continue to be protected to the measure necessary to conserve its habitat and population. The paper adds that this will undoubtedly strengthen local economies and influence more protection measures of other declining aquatic species.
From the Paper "The Shortnose Sturgeon, formally referred to as Acipenser brevirostrum, is among the federally endangered aquatic species, which are protected by federal government (SOCNFWR, 2007). The Shortnose Sturgeon is commonly found along the Connecticut River from Turners Falls, Massachusetts to the Long Island Sound. It is the smallest of three sturgeon species known to inhabit North America. These fish are known for their long life spans - known to exceed 65 years for females, and nearly 30 for males (Dadswell, 1984)."
Reviews literature on Aquatic Therapy and its general effects on patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in order to evaluate the effectiveness of this form of rehabilitation for MS patients.
Abstract This paper examines the nature of Multiple Sclerosis. It discusses its symptoms, probable causes, diagnosis and treatment. The paper then evaluates the effectiveness of a rehabilitative technique said to be useful to a variety of patients with chronic illnesses including those patients with multiple sclerosis. In particular, the study evaluates the effects of Aquatic Therapy for improving the functionality of MS patients. The primary method used to develop this evaluation is that of a literature search on the subject.
From the Paper "Because MS is a neurological disorder, other pertinent literature regarding the benefits of aquatic therapy consists of studies indicating that the rehabilitation strategy has worked for patients with general neurologic disorders. In this regard, Morris (1997) discusses several benefits that have been for Aquatic Therapy with patients with neurologic disorders. The benefits listed by Morris include: profound relaxation, greater stretching of muscles resulting in increased flexibility, increased muscular strength, increased ability of the patient to stabilize multiple segments of the body, improved skill in specific patterns of movement, and increases in postural stability during functional activities."
Abstract This paper reviews, discusses and analyzes the effect that chemical fertilizer has on the aquatic life in the water surrounding the areas that have been treated by such fertilizers. The paper provides an overview of water systems and how they function, followed by a discussion of the different types of chemical fertilizers in use today.
Outline:
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Conclusion
From the Paper "The quality of water systems is determined by the degree to which bodies of water are able to support aquatic life while also meeting standards for the protection of human health and the preservation of human life; this level of contamination is determined by establishing baseline standards to measure the periodic relative quality of each individual water system against these original standards (Henning & Mangun 251). Attempts to either maintain or restore the quality of the water in these systems are developed according to the amounts and kinds of material that are emptied into the waterways; the quality of water in streams, rivers, lakes and oceans therefore depends on the capacity of each of these water systems to clean themselves of the various pollutants. According to Henning and Mangun, this ability depends on the types and amounts of the pollutants as well as with water temperatures, rate of water flow, degree of sedimentation, and mineral content (251). The mineral content of pollutants containing chemical fertilizers already account for the lion's share of the nitrogen being released into the world's water systems, but there are other elements involved in modern chemical fertilizers as well, and these are discussed further below."
Abstract The paper reviews past and present literature on microbial diversity, bio-geochemistry and how they are interrelated. The paper provides a short overview on diversity and the aquatic ecosystem and reviews some of the new techniques in measuring microbial diversity as well as some of the disadvantages of these techniques. The paper discusses the biogeochemical processes and presents studies that link diversity to the overall functioning of the system.
Outline:
Introduction
Biodiversity
Aquatic Ecosystem
Measurement of Microbial Diversity
Trophic Interactions in Aquatic Systems
Biogeochemical Cycling
Diversity and Aquatic System Functioning
From the Paper "Although microorganisms are barely visible in the aquatic system, they play a very important role in the processes occurring in the system be it in the food web or in nutrient cycling of the system, also called biogeochemical cycle. According to Kiorboe (1993), the majority of the biological activity in pelagic systems are performed by microorganisms smaller than 100 m. Larger organisms, on the other hand, play a very minor role in the nutrient and energy cycling of the system."
Abstract This paper lists the objectives of the aquatics director of the Wonder World day care center in order to prevent children from drowning. It discusses how she intends that all her staff are fully trained in CPR and First Aid in order to save lifes and for the good of the personnel in order to advance their careers. It details the costs and funding for these training plans and how they will be implemented without impeding on current workload.
From the Paper "As aquatics Director at Wonder World Day Care Center it is my job to ensure that the children placed in our care are kept safe. A situation has come to my attention that could not only cause a safety concern for the children, but could have potential liability issues attached to it for the center. Aquatics is a dangerous area for the children due to the potential for drowning. It is necessary for children to have direct and constant supervision in this area. Another part-time nurse and myself are the only personnel trained in CPR and First Aid care at the facility. When the part time person is not present, I am the only person trained in life-saving techniques."
Abstract This paper examines the West Indian manatee, which is one of the world's largest aquatic mammals. It discuss its dwindling population due to heavy hunting in the 18th century and modern coastal development. The paper describes the feeding habits of the mantee and its biology.
Table of Contents:
Taxonomic Classification
Growth & Reproduction
Structure, Morphology and Physiology
Feeding Habits
Communication
Behavior
Ecology
Range & Status
From the Paper "The West Indian Manatee is the common name for large mammal indigenous to coastal regions in the Caribbean and the Gulf of Mexico (Lefebvre, O'Shea, Rathbun, and Best ?1989). Manatees are on average around 3.5 meters long at their full adult size (Lefebvre). Their average weight is an estimated 1869 kg, though they can grow up to 4 meters, and weigh as much as 5607 kg (Lefebvre). Looking at Table 1 (below), their taxonomy is laid out from Kingdom Animalia, to their species name manatus. Manatees typically can be expected to live about 60 years (Lefebvre). Manatees are aquatic mammals, who only eat plants (Guerra 2001)."
Abstract This paper argues the environemtnal dangers of stream bank erosion, and that. if left unattended, it affects the soil fertility, the quality of the communty's drinking water, and endangers the survival of many forms of aquatic species. It offers a solution by growing vegetation alongside the banks to prevent erosion.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
Factors Causing Erosion
Impact of Erosion
Remedy for Erosion
Bank Side Plantings
Conclusion
Bibliography
From the Paper "Streambank erosion is one of the important and often neglected environmental problems. If not properly maintained the river and the stream banks can be easily eroded by the sheer force of the flowing water during the heavy raining season. The precarious situation, which results as a consequence of erosion, cannot be taken lightly. It is these stream and rivers, which replenish the water needs of the people. Conservation of this vital natural source is an important task and the responsibility lies with man. Let us now briefly analyze the problem of stream bank erosion and the remedial solution."
Abstract Examines nature of Multiple Sclerosis (MS); symptoms, probable causes of the disease, diagnosis, treatments. Extensive literature review. Discusses effectiveness of aquatic therapy as a rehabilitative technique, its physical and psychological gains. Also discusses land-based exercises, and other treatments such as drug therapy. Presents an example treatment plan.
From the Paper "The Efficacy of Aquatic Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis Patients
Chapter I
Introduction
Background
This study reviews the literature on Aquatic Therapy and its general effects on patients with Multiple Sclerosis (MS) in order to evaluate the effectiveness of this form of rehabilitation for MS patients. So that the study may be fully understood, some background is needed regarding MS. This background is provided here with a discussion of the basic nature of the disease and its symptoms, its probable causes, its diagnosis, and general treatment.
Nature of MS and Symptoms
The nature of MS has been discussed by Giovannoni and..."
Abstract This paper discusses how perhaps no other aquatic species contributes to oceanic ecology like the brine shrimp. It looks at how brine shrimp is a form of zooplankton, how it is versatile in its physical and chemical characteristics, and how its hardiness and survivability make it very special for preservation. It also looks at how it is mainly sold for home aquariums because of the almost chameleon-like range of colors it can adopt based on its food intake.
From the Paper "Environmental factors contribute greatly to the physical characteristics of brine shrimp. Under normal circumstances, they live almost entirely on the photosynthetic green algae, Dunaliella. The oxygen content in the water determines their physical appearance, which is a direct consequence of what they can consume (depending on oxygen content in the water). With a good oxygen supply, the artemia are a pale pink or yellow. In an abundant supply of green algae, they take on a greenish hue. If there is a low oxygen level in the water with large amounts of organic matter, or a high amount of salinity from evaporation, the artemia will feed on bacteria, detritus and yeast cells, but no algae. It is under these conditions that they produce hemoglobin and look red or orange in color."
Abstract This paper discusses the definition and causes of acid rain, as well as its harmful effects on aquatic systems, forests, man-made structures and human health. It also discusses the global implications of acid rain as a migratory form of air pollution and how this presents problems in the regulatory arena, especially from an international standpoint--for example, when acid rain generated by factories in the southern U.S. states is blown by wind patterns across the Mexican border, or vice versa.
Table of Contents
Introduction
What is Acid Precipitation?
Definition
Common Pollutants and Reactions Involved
Sources of Acid Precipitation Pollutants
The Harmful Effects of Acid Precipitation
Effects on Aquatic Systems
Effects on Forests and Other Terrestrial Ecosystems
Effects on Man-Made Structures and Materials
Effects on Human Health
Global Implications of the Acid Precipitation Problem
Air Pollution Migration
The International Challenge
Conclusion
References
From the Paper "Air pollution is a well-recognized environmental problem throughout the world. Studies have shown, time and time again, that the environmental and health-based impacts of air pollution are both detrimental and undeniable. One of the most important forms of air pollution for our society as a whole to recognize and deal with in an expedient manner is acid precipitation. Because of the very nature of this type of air pollution, the direct and indirect effects of acid precipitation are both far-reaching and difficult to get under control. Understanding more about the causes, effects, and implications of acid precipitation and its impacts on our daily lives is the first step that we all need to take in adopting a more proactive approach to solving this problem."
From the Paper "Acid rain is a major problem facing the environment today. It is formed through both natural and Anthropogenic sources. Industrial emissions are Anthropogenic sources, and a volcano eruption is an example of a natural source. One of the most direct effects of acid rain is on aquatic ecosystems. Among the variety of organisms in aquatic systems effected by acid rain are fish. Acid rain has many toxic effects on fish leading to decrease in their presence, diversity, abundance and well being. "Biological observations of damaged fish communities in acid waters show that the number of species is less than expected, that the structure of population is anomalous, and productivity and yield are reduced"(Howells, 1995). Acid rain is not a new problem. It's effects have been observed for centuries. ?As industrialization of Europe developed, other observers in England, Sweden, Austria and Germany confirmed the "poisonous" nature smoke emissions from various activities?(Howells, 1995). It was a major problem in industrialized cities as far back as the 1800s. "
Abstract A synthesis essay on the rise of toxic protists due to the increase in dissolved nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations from man-made pollution. Specific examples are used to illustrate this building environmental concern.
From the paper:
""In the Rivers and Coastal Waters of America an Ancient and Deadly Organism, Reawakened by Man-Made Pollution, May Become the Ultimate Biological Threat? (Barker, cover). In 1984, a small herd of cows in Montana collapsed and died in ten minutes after drinking from a pond coated with a pea green film. In 1987, three people died and more than 100 became ill after eating blue mussels from Prince Edward Island. In 1996, 149 manatees perished mysteriously off the coast of Florida. Autopsies of these endangered marine mammals revealed biological poisons in their brains and other tissues."
Abstract Discusses problems incurring from acquatic species brought to the U.S. from Europe in ballast water of ships. Describes each species. Disruption of these nonindigenous species on the normal food chain, causing reduction in number of indigenous game fish. Negative economic impact on U.S. Fisning Industry. Possible measures that can be taken to prevent further invasion by nonindigenous acquatic species.
From the Paper "Abstract
The zebra mussel, Eurasian watermilfoil and round and tubenose goby are all nonindigenous species thought to have been brought to the United States from Europe in the ballast water of ocean-going vessels. These vessels pick up ballast water in their homeport when they are carrying a light load and discharge it here in U.S. waters when picking up heavier loads. This water often contains small fish, shellfish and plants native to the port where the ballast water was picked up, e.g. the Caspian Sea. Since these nonindigenous species have no natural predators here, they flourish and often outstrip native plants and waterlife by competing for food and space. This can severely disrupt the normal food chain, and cause the disappearance, or severe reduction in numbers of game fish..."
