Abstract This paper presents an overview of the age old process of raising shellfish and finned fish on inland farms, known as "aquaculture". The paper takes a look at the ancient history of aquaculture as well as its more recent history in the Midwest/great plains region of the United States. The paper also includes information on the current status of aquaculture and concludes that it is a process that is both well-established and a boon to farmers and consumers alike.
Introduction
History of Aquaculture History of Midwest Aquaculture Current Status of Midwestern Aquaculture Conclusion
From the Paper "Except for bucolic scenes of fishing on rivers meandering across the Midwest and Great Plains, most people don't equate fish with that region, at least not huge catches of commercial fish. However, as long ago as 1996, "traders in the 'futures pit' of the Minneapolis Grain Exchange were shouting and signaling bids and offers for spring wheat, white wheat, white shrimp and black tiger shrimp" (Weber 1996). Moreover, the shrimp being traded in Minneapolis was of interest to the local trading office of the Thai government (Weber 1996); Thai food depends heavily on shrimp, so finding it at commodity prices is important to the Thai people."
Abstract This paper reports on the development of a consortium of aquaculture producers in New Zealand in 2006. The goals of this consortium are discussed as well as its focus, which is the abalone industry. Abalone is a firm textured and light seafood-flavored shellfish that is an important export product. Various types of abalone are described. The significance of aquaculture to New Zealand's economy is examined, as well as the different segments of the population that are affected by this industry.
From the Paper "New Zealand is located in the South Pacific southeast of Australia. The country contains a population of 4 million people and has a coastline equal to that of the United States of America. Although New Zealand is small in terms of landmass, its economic fishing zone covers some 1.2 million nautical miles. Because New Zealand is blessed with abundant coasts and seas, seafood is a major product of the country. Other products are ceramic arts and crafts, jade jewelry, decorative hand-blown glass, abalone jewelry, home-wares such as bed linen and placemats with a distinctive Pacific/Maori design theme, wooden toys and games made from native timbers, and natural cosmetics.
Abstract This paper discusses how although it is not known to what extent the use of aquaculture will assist in the preservation of coral reefs, it is certain that aquaculture will help promote the health and longevity of corals when kept in a personal fish tank. It looks at how the aquaculture process facilitates appropriate animal husbandry methods that are already widely used in facilitating and improving the health of other domesticated plants and animals.
Outline
Introduction
Coral Reefs and the Marine Aquarium Hobbyist
Applications of Aquaculture Conclusion
From the Paper "To be sold as a piece of authentic aquacultured coral, the organism must have propagated a minimum of two times in captivity, suggesting that the size of the organism has reached a size sustainable for harvest two or more times since the original parent colony was harvested from the ocean (Pillay & Kutty, 2005). This process has been likened to that of houseplants, where a houseplant has grown large enough to divide a minimum of two times before the successive harvested generations are considered to be domesticated. "
Abstract An insight into the history of Artemia cultivation (shrimp production) including an explanation of different types and analysis of the ideal conditions for their breeding.
From the Paper "Prior to 1950 mariculture involved trapping baby fish and shrimps during high tides in ponds with gates built on mudflats. Many years of research have led to improved and more efficient systems. Now, most oyster, mussel, shrimp and seaweed culture are of semi-intensive type. This has been accomplished by artificial breeding of superior stock. Artificial feed has been developed to maximize health and growth. Many improvements have been made in the health and management of shrimp and other cultured species (FAO, 1999). This has been largely due to an increasingly larger demand. In 1997, approximately 50% of all mariculture is preformed by way of mudflat culture in which a building is built in a pond in a mudflat. This is used for artemia as well as fish (FAO, 1999). "
Analyzes fish farm industry, focusing on shrimp. Technology, environmental management, law & policy, economic theory related to property rights, global issues. Table.
4,500 words (approx. 18 pages), 20 sources, 1996, $ 135.95
From the Paper "This research examines the shrimp aquaculture industry. The functioning of the industry is reviewed within the contexts of (1) economics and resource management, (2) biological and technological aspects of shrimp aquaculture, and (3) environmental management, law, and policy. Throughout this examination, special attention, where appropriate and feasible, is devoted to the shrimp aquaculture industries in both Ecuador and Taiwan (Republic of China).
Economics and Resource Management
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations (UN) estimated that aquaculture accounted for 12 percent of global fish product..."
Abstract It outlines the development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) that have an accelerated growth rate and produce a higher yield faster. The focus is on salmon, trout and catfish. Their development is outlined and their growth rates are compared to those of comparable species.
Abstract Examines the global economic impact, including free trade, as disastrous for Alaska. Discusses contributing factors to the decline of salmon fishery, the expansion of aquaculture and farmed salmon, and the effect on prices of economic recession.
From the Paper "The Alaska Seafood Industry, the economic backbone of the state of Alaska, is today in dire straits. In particular, the salmon market is on the brink of collapse, having sustained many consecutive years of plunging prices and waning product demand."
Abstract This paper describes the extreme environmental consequences resulting from the production of shrimp, both via aquaculture and through trawling the ocean floor. It also outlines some policy suggestions to limit the environmental damage caused by this industry.
From the Paper "When ponds stop producing, there are generally no attempts whatsoever to reconstruct the landscape that existed before their installation. In the economically constrained areas where most of these farms are located, it is simply not economically feasible for the average farmer to do anything else, and as a result, an inordinate amount of completely unproductive land is left in the wake of the ponds. From 1985-1995 alone, 150,000 hectares of land previously used for shrimp farming worldwide was abandoned, and indications are that abandonment rates are rapidly rising (Gujja, Finger-Stich 1996). This land remains wholly unproductive for 20-30 years on average, often leading to collapses of local economies and extreme hardship for residents (Gujja, Finger-Stich 1996)."
Abstract This paper takes a look at sturgeon, the caviar eggs and the embargo on caviar trade. The paper also discusses black market caviar trade, as well as, poaching of the sturgeon. The paper further discusses the measures that need to be taken in order to prevent the extinction of beluga sturgeon.
Outline:
Sturgeon and Their Eggs - a Brief History
What is the Latest News Regarding the Embargo on Caviar?
Why is There an Embargo on Caviar?
What About the Black Market, and Poaching of the Sturgeon?
Who Buys the Caviar?
What Should the United States do to Prevent the Extinction of Beluga Sturgeon?
The Future of U.S. Sources of Caviar Could be in Aquaculture
From the Paper "The California Department of Fish and Game seized 25 pounds of illegal caviar, estimated to be worth $50 a pound on the black market in California. The primary market for the seized caviar was the "Sacramento-are Russian community"; the mother-son team was caught recruiting sturgeon fishermen to catch and sell them over 500 pounds of sturgeon. But the penalty for their crimes was not very severe; each was sentenced to 150 days in jail, although the mother only served 70 days, and the son served 60 days; both performed community service work in lieu of the full jail terms. The mother was also fined $1,000, while the son was hit with a sanction of $5,000."
Abstract The paper probes the dominant and prevailing maritime issues that Saudi Arabia faces and considers some means by which a holistic approach could improve management of Saudi Arabia's significant maritime resources. These include important shipping lanes, offshore energy deposits, bountiful marine environments potentially ripe for aquaculture development and even the possibility of desalinization plants to produce freshwater in a predominantly desert nation. The paper explains how the preservation of effective management of these resources will produce long-term development and economic benefits for the nation, as well as help the nation preserve its maritime heritage for generations to come.
Outline:
Introduction
The Extent of the Maritime Sector for Saudi Arabia
Maintaining Peak Efficiency
Unique Regional Security Concerns
Importance of Environmental Integrity
Adopting European Clustering
Concluding Remarks
From the Paper "Saudi Arabia is not a nation whose fate has been historically associated with the oceans. Images conjured of Saudi Arabia will involve oil fields and vast deserts. At first blush, there seems little reason to even consider a maritime policy for the nation, let alone a rational and holistic one that incorporates information from many maritime interests and successfully coordinates policy decisions for all. This is a misconception. In fact, Saudi Arabia has an intimate and strategic relationship with two major oceanic routes: the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf. As the importance of these routes is certain to grow in the coming years and decades, it is important for Saudi Arabia to consider today the means by which a sensible maritime policy can be devised and implemented."
