Abstract
This paper analyzes the comparable approaches in which Presidents Franklin D. Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson involved America in the foreign wars that were raging during their terms in office. Outwardly, both presidents spoke out against involvement in the wars and delayed declaring war on Germany until attacks had been made directly against the U.S., either on noncombatants, as in the German attack on the Lusitania, or on U.S. soil, as in the attack on Pearl Harbor. This well-researched paper details the evidence that proves that both leaders were supplying their future allies with munitions and supplies prior to declaring war. Another similarity cited in this paper includes the fact that both Roosevelt and Wilson had a strong belief that diplomacy and a group of nations, whether the League of Nations or the United Nations, were necessary to avoid future world conflicts. The writer of this paper also touches on the differences in the leadership styles of both presidents, for example: Unlike Wilson, Roosevelt displayed little outward patience in avoiding America's involvement in the war.

From the Paper
"While Wilson's public position is that he was doing everything in his power to avoid war, there is evidence supporting the speculation that Wilson was not actively trying to keep America out of the war. There is speculation that the Lusitania did not signal the beginning of American involvement in the war, but Germany's knowledge that the Lusitania was already involved in the war. There is some evidence that the Lusitania was destroyed by an internal explosion after being hit by an initial torpedo. Such an explosion could have occurred if the Lusitania was carrying munitions. If that was the case, it indicates that Wilson's public face about entering World War I differed from what was actually occurring. Even if Wilson was not arranging for passenger ships like the Lusitania to take arms to Britain, he was allowing passenger ships to continue to take both people and supplies to Britain, despite German threats that such ships would be subject to attack."

Tags:history, political, united, nations, league, germany, europe, world, war, president

Abstract
Current researchers have approached the question of sexual preference and its causes from a biological as well as a psychological and sociological point of study. Both types of researchers would agree that the various areas of influence are not necessarily exclusive of one another, and that no single area dominates the decision as to what determines sexual orientation. The paper shows that some researchers have demonstrated a biologic or genetic component of human sexual orientation. Others dispute this claim, stating that sexuality is largely an environmentally-influenced preference. In conclusion, this paper argues that it is clearly necessary to approach the causes of sexual orientation from a point of view that includes both biologic and environmental factors.

From the Paper
"Blanchard and Klassen have hypothesized that the Y-linked minor histocompatiblity antigens, or H-Y antigens, are involved in sexual development. Their study shows that some mothers experience a progressive immunization to the antigen, and that this change may increase the effects of H-Y antibodies on the sexual differentiation of the brain in male children that are born later in the birth order within a family. According to the authors, this information is consistent with the fact that there is a correlation between sexual orientation in men and the number of older brothers they have. Each older brother increases the odds of homosexual preference by nearly 33% in the younger siblings."

Tags:antigen, homosexual, DNA, puberty

Abstract
This paper discusses Augustine's, Anselm's and John Calvin's views on salvation. The writer provides the historical and intellectual background for each theologian and summarizes the way in which each approached the question "how are we saved?" The writer also describes their similarities, their differences, and their limitations, and explains why they differ. Calvin was heavily influenced by both Augustine and Anselm. All their views on salvation seem profoundly influenced by their environments in their respective time periods. The writer explains that the limitations of each can shed light on what can better our current understanding of the true meaning of salvation. What is clear from all three theologians is that salvation is something that can be received solely by faith in God.

From the Paper
"Augustine of Hippo lived from 354 to 430 C.E. Early throughout his life, in part because of his reading of Cicero's work he became deeply attracted to the religion of Manichaeism. As Augustine's knowledge increased in both philosophy and scientific issues, he began to see the accumulation of cracks in the edifices of the Manichean religion. Augustine gave up his Manichaeism and became well versed in the works of Plotinus and the Neo Platonists. He eventually became a Christian while still being a Neo Platonist. He saw both views as complimentary to one another which greatly shaped and influenced his theology."

Tags:humanism grace, free will, resurrection Christ predestination reaction atonement

Abstract
In the paper, the basic approach is delineated, followed by a discussion of the way the approach has changed over time and an examination of its strengths and weaknesses. The next section of the paper explores the firefox approach to projects which is followed by an examination of how to integrate the approach into the social studies curriculum.

From the Paper
"Katz defines the project approach to social studies as an in-depth examination of a given topic that is undertaken by a group of students in order to determine answers to questions about the topic and thereby learn more about it. The primary focus in the project approach to social studies is on making the topic of real interest to students and involving them in a wide variety of tasks in order to complete the project, e.g. ..."

Tags:Project Approach, firefox, Social Studies, curriculum

Abstract
This paper examines the various approaches commonly used by sociologists to determine whether or not certain behaviors are indeed deviant or not deviant. The paper explores all six of them and suggests that a combination of the reactive and group evaluation approaches into something known as the synthetic approach (the last of the six approaches delineated in the paper) is the most effective way of determining what is actual deviance.

From the Paper
"There are a number of means by which sociologists endeavor to determine whether or not certain behaviors are deviant or otherwise. Specifically, there are six of them: statistical, absolutist, legalistic, reactive, group evaluation and synthetic. Of these, the last one, because it combines the worthiest features of both reactive and group evaluation approaches, is the one which comes nearest to accurately determining which acts are deviant and which acts are not. With this in mind, it is to a discussion of this important issue that we now turn. Before proceeding too far, it must be noted each of these approaches to determining whether or not an act is deviant or not deviant has something which to commend itself. For example, statistical approaches to deviance have merit insofar as actions which fall outside what would be done by the majority of the populace are, in a very strict..."

Tags:deviance, approaches, synthetic

Abstract
This paper addresses prohibiting factors of a middle school approach in a traditional private catholic boys school, explaining the contextual factors that may prohibit the middle schooling approach to a private catholic all boys' school.

From the Paper
"According to Lounsbury, middle schools are unique educational institutions which have significantly evolved over the last several decades. Lounsbury reports that today the middle school has several key functions e.g. integration, exploration, guidance, differentiation, socialization and articulation, and several key characteristics e.g. educators knowledgeable about and committed to young adolescents, a balanced curriculum based on student needs, a range of organizational arrangements, varied instructional strategies and so forth. The..."

Tags:Catholic boys schools, middle school approach

Abstract
This paper looks at approaches to political science. The paper argues that the four approaches used in the discipline of political science (institutionalism, behaviouralism, public choice theory and political economy) are both compatible and often complementary.

From the Paper
"Politics has always been of interest to human societies in some form or another. However, it has only been in the recent past that political science has become an academic discipline concerned with creating methods and approaches like the natural sciences (Dickerson and Flanagan 1-3). There are essentially four approaches that dominate the discipline of political science. These approaches are institutionalism, behaviouralism, public choice and political economy (Dickerson and Flanagan 4-7). These are not the only approaches but they are the most commonly used and are familiar to all political scientists. There has been a great deal of debate amongst political scientists about the relationships between these approaches."

Tags:political, science, approaches

Abstract
This paper relates that this approach seeks to go beyond the subjective impressionism of the reader's response. The author points out the strengths and weaknesses of this approach by analyzing "Moll Flanders".

Tags:moll, flanders, critical, approach

Abstract
The author of this paper feels that the general approach to addressing privacy on the internet has led to a debate between government and self-regulation with technology only providing a modest recourse. He feels that any attempt to address privacy concerns will depend on the very institutions that have been pitted against each other. This papers evaluates the rationale for each of these approaches and concludes by presenting a interdependence model for regulating privacy on the internet.

From the Paper
"Before its demise two years back, Toysmart.com made a standard promise to its customers: The Company's privacy statement assured customers that Toysmart would never sell information registered at the site, including children's names and birth dates. But in the liquidation proceedings, Toysmart.com declared that its customer lists were business assets and therefore it was allowed to sell the lists to a "qualified buyer" that would be a successor-in-interest to the customer information (Doherty, 2001). DoubleClick is an Internet advertising company that tracks Internet user behavior in order to better target banner ads. Not only did DoubleClick deceive consumers by claiming in multiple earlier privacy policies that information collected would remain anonymous, the company also unfairly collected and linked information about Internet users without their knowledge or control. Elensys Inc., a Woburn, Massachusetts company had been secretly collecting the pharmacy records of millions of consumers from 15,000 pharmacies nationwide a deed which won them the infamous Big Brother Award. The above examples are just one of the few brought out in the public light revealing the utter disdain with which corporations deal with consumers personal data. These organizations while raking in huge profits bombard consumers with massive loads of unwanted spam while strategically selling on data to unknown third parties, where it gets aggregated along with other databases for the purpose of online profiling. The rapid advances in new intelligence gathering technologies, and their almost limitless spectrum of functions, creates a buoyant surveillance economy. It is known that on an average, each adult in the developed world is located in 200 computer databases (Davies, Unknown). Such facts present an increasingly dangerous ground for privacy conscious consumers to tread on."

Tags:approach, contractual, fair, information, interdependence, internet, opt, out, practices, privacy, regulation, self

Abstract
The aim of employment development is to assist certain groups and individuals to cope with job markets and changing economic development. This paper explains community economic development and small business development--two contemporary approaches to employment development.

Tags:approaches, employment, development