Abstract
This research proposal is broken down into separate sections in order to provide the basics for the larger research paper's subject. The paper will look at the the decay of infrastructure what effect these left over materials will have on the environment. The main focus is on steel fiber in construction. The proposal end with a series of recommendations on how to counter the environmental impact.

Outline:
Background of the Study
Purpose of Study
Research Questions
Methodology
Initial Review of Literature
Recommendations

From the Paper
"The work of Wu, Lim and Li (1994) states that there has been much in the way of recent attention directed toward the United States in terms of its "rapidly deteriorating infrastructure." (p.1828) Stated as the main cause of the infrastructure decay is material deterioration with cracking behavior identified as the factor that is most important in determining durability and lifetime of concrete structures. The environmental factors that will be considered in concrete infrastructure sustainability include the factor of the increase in earthquakes in recent years. In addition to this is the consideration of climate change and factors that are related to those changes that will be considered in the research proposed herein. Concrete cracking behavior results from environmental strain which may include those stated as follows: (1) dry shrinkage; or (2) thermal change in concrete structures that have boundary conditions that are restrained. (Wu, Lim and Li, 1994, paraphrased) This type of shrinking/cracking behavior in paved concrete structures is common and most particularly for "large surface-to-volume ratio structures such as highway pavement, slabs for parking garages, and walls." (Wu, Lim and Li, 1994, p.1828) The work of Vilkner, Meyer and Shimanovich states that the most important mechanical property of concrete is that of "compressive strength...because it correlates strongly with other properties such as tensile strength and many durability properties." (Date Unknown, p.5) It is additionally related by Vilkner, Meyer, and Shimanovich that the addition of fibers to a concrete mix is never for the purpose of additional strength and that the consideration of strength is only significant "...insofar as the addition of fibers should not reduce it below the value specified by the producer." (Date Unknown, p.5)"

Tags:recycling, steel, fiber, environment, sustainability

Abstract
This report presents the CEO of Ausmatrix with information about the advantages of an integrated IT infrastructure and the use of Application Service Providers ASPs) to streamline business processes, cut costs and make the business more competitive. Next, the author reviews the alignment of business and IT strategies, the advancement of business strategies using IT, the value of implementing a distributed network for the organisation and the advantages of outsourcing and the risks that are inherent in this approach. The paper recommends that, since IT is not the core business of Ausmatrix, the needed complex IT infrastructure and applications be run by 3rd party vendors thus freeing up the Ausmatrix staff to concentrate on the business they know best.

Table of Contents:
Executive Summary
Table of Contents
Technology as a Driver in Business Strategy
Advancing Business Strategies through Infrastructure
Infrastructure Integration versus Infrastructure Improvement
Value of Networks
Using ASPs - Risks and Opportunities
Security Concerns When Using Asps and Integrated Infrastructures
Conclusion

From the Paper
"ASPs are utilised by organisations in order to perform processes and calculations on data using software not available within the organisation. As such the data must pass through the public domain via the Internet. This introduces a concern regarding data security. In some cases, this concern is a regulatory concern, such as where government regulations prohibit transfer of data over borders or the non-secure transfer of sensitive financial or national security data. The European Union has very stringent laws regarding the transfer of personal data to countries outside the EU. Data transfer is prohibited when the receiving country is unable to provide the same level of data security as required by EU directives. These issues become relevant when an organisation situated in the EU wishes to outsource its data processing to an ASP. "Since ASPs have many customers, there is a danger that proprietary information from an organisation may be exposed to the ASPs other customers. As the adage goes that a chain is as strong as its weakest link, an organisation's data security is likewise as safe as its weakest point - and by allowing access to data to a 3rd party vendor, the organisation essentially gives up some control of that data."

Tags:driver, legacy systems, enterprise-wide strategy, infrastructure integration, due diligence

Abstract
This report is an evaluation of existing network infrastructure designs and how they have evolved over time. This evolution now includes the consistent need of technological upgrades because of the new demands that are being placed on the existing systems by new applications and philosophies such as VoIP. As the technological evolution of both local and wide area networks continues to progress, it appears that the only way for the network administration to reach this optimum level of efficiency would seem to be by completely starting over from scratch.
The networking factions also have moved through the spectrum of technological advances and breakthroughs that have come out so fast that they cause a problem of when to upgrade and when to stay put with the existing system. This report therefore utilizes publications, whitepapers and other research documentation with a focus on the maintenance, design and implementation of local and wide area networks with a specific emphasis on issues relating to IP telephony (Voice Over IP aka VoIP) traffic, traffic and load balancing, quality of service and the limitations imposed by existing load management technologies in prioritizing and maintaining reliable merged data and telephony services on public (shared) and private LAN/WAN environments, including the internet.

From the Paper
"These advances add a great deal of pressure on existing networking processes and will require constant system capabilities evaluations and new upgrades. For a LAN to be able to utilize these capabilities, it requires a newer Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) which is a peer-to-peer, multimedia signaling protocol. Session Initiation Protocol is an ASCII based process very similar to the very Internet popular HTTP system and it is known for reusing existing IP protocols like DNS, SDP and more to help provide both media setup capabilities and teardown options."

Tags:WAN, LAN, security, internet, IEEE, ARPANET

Abstract
This paper discusses the various dimensions of Hewlett Packard's (HP) internal technology infrastructure that are its database and data analysis architecture, its various software and hardware applications, its operating systems strategies as well as its network structures. These systems are viewed as fairly advanced but also as being potentially too complicated as the firm continues to expand and it must upgrade or remove its legacy systems.

From the Paper
"This document examines Hewlett Packard's (HP) internal technology infrastructure and strategies. Some of the various dimensions discussed are its database and data analysis architecture, its various software and hardware applications, its operating systems strategies as well as its network structures. These systems are viewed as fairly advanced but also as being potentially too complicated as the firm continues to expand and it must upgrade or remove its legacy systems."

Tags:hewlett, packard, systems

From the Paper
"Telecommunications: A View of the Future


This research provides an overview of what the future may hold in store in the area of telecommunications. While specific technologies and applications are addressed in this overview, the broader thrust of the research considers the coordinated telecommunications infrastructure which must be developed and expanded, if the potential of telecommunications technologies are to be realized over the next decade or two. Although this overview is developed from a private sector..business, industry, and professional..perspective, it is obvious that telecommunications are equally as important for public sector organizations, for households, and for individuals.


Issue Background
Telecommunications transmission technologies blossomed in..."

Abstract
This paper discusses how the concept of development has changed over the years in scope and meaning as well as in the manner of attaining it. The writer lists various definitions of development that have emerged and discusses several models of development that explain conditions of underdevelopment and prescribes perspectives on development and ways of attaining development objectives with some specific criteria and parameters for measuring the same. The trend is seen that parameters for measuring development have been from purely economic indicators to more social and environmental, and recently towards rights-based. However, using the Philippines as a case study, this paper argues that a convergence approach is necessary since economic growth is needed to propel social and environmental development.

Outline:
Definitions of Development
Models of Development
Classical Economic Growth Model
The Sustainable Human Development
Applicability of the Models to the Philippine Development Situation

From the Paper
"It must be emphasized that there is no single agreed-upon definition of development, as development theoreticians, scholars, or organizations would each have their own definition and ways of representing and interpreting the related concepts into a "model", and that there is close connection between "definitions" of development and the "models" of development. Arbitrary choice for discussion must take note of the evolutionary and historical context of the concept of development as it has been changing and conditions that brought about such change. From these definitions and models therefore can be isolated 2 models for discussion and their application to the Philippine context."

Tags:market infrastructure sustainability socio-economic political government technology, trade liberalization, WTO

Abstract
This paper explains that database security is the protection of the database against unauthorized access, either intentional or accidental; security countermeasures should combat threats and the outcomes of such threats. The author points out that physical security means that a SQL Server system is running in a controlled-access environment in which only approved personnel have physical access to the system; whereas, appropriate physical security means that SQL Server should be isolated from web infrastructures and direct Internet access. The paper concludes that network and operating system security are not sufficient to defend against dynamic threats to a web application; therefore, database and web application server techniques are a necessity, but even with these extra layers of security in place, there's no such thing as a full-proof security system.

Table of Contents
Introduction
The Goals of Security
Sources of Security Threats
Types of Threats
Common Web Application Security Threats
Physical Security
Security Mechanisms to Protect a Database
Views
Rules and Constraints
Concurrency Control
Audit Tracking
Encryption
Backup and Recovery
SQL Injection Prevention Techniques
Web Securities
Firewall
SSL
Digital Certificate
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Access control prevents unauthorized persons from accessing a system to either obtain information or make changes. Like most databases, Microsoft SQL Server handles access control by allowing the creation of user accounts and passwords to control log-in. Additionally, Microsoft SQL Server supports the use of Windows NT Integrated Security where users are identified to the database by their Windows NT user accounts rather than user ID and password to access the database. Chapple states that this approach offers both the benefit of shifting the burden of account management to the network administration staff and it provides the ease of a single sign-on to the end user."

Tags:protection, unauthorized, controlled-access, windows, firewall

Abstract
This paper explains that, after World War 2, Japan developed an international competitive advantage based on its ability to import foreign technology, which it would then diffuse throughout its business society, focusing on commercial applications. The author describes the process of integration, which was facilitated by strategic alliances between universities and business organizations, by the development of different forms of management that speed up advancements in research and development (R&D), by the establishment of quality maintenance systems and by strong government support that built a free market infrastructure. The paper relates that managing long-term stakeholder relations is another aspect of the growth of Japanese R&D.

From the Paper
"Another factor contributing to accelerating research and development activities is the Japanese patent system which is different from that in industrialized nations in Europe and the US in that the definition of novelty is not as stringent. As a result, every modification on an existing technology is regarded as qualifying for patent protection. This prompts the management in business organizations to intensify their research and development efforts in a particular area in order to pre-empt patent applications in the same area from other organizations."

Tags:quality infrastructure workforce, commercial applications, best practices

Abstract
The paper analyzes and compares the e-commerce strategies of PZE Puzzles' three dominant competitors in the U.K.; Accolade Publishing, Clarity Media and Puzzler. The paper then presents a proposal for PZE Puzzles to adopt each of the processes observed on their competitors' websites. The paper considers technical infrastructure, costs and design, and includes a marketing and promotion strategy specifically focused on how to promote the proposed e-commerce website for PZE Puzzles. The paper includes a table of Web 2.0 applications as an appendix to the paper.

Outline:
Introduction
Comparative Analysis of Competitors
Proposal for Web Presence
Server Estimates
Internet Connections
Database Technologies
Personnel Requirements
Marketing and Promotion Strategy for Proposed PZE Puzzles Website

From the Paper
"The three most dominant competitors to PZE Puzzles are Accolade Publishing, Clarity Media and Puzzler. Each of these competitors takes a significantly different approach to managing their e-commerce strategies online. All of them however implement order capture, order status and online catalogs as part of their e-commerce strategies. The combining of order status and order management has shown to significantly increase order accuracy and lead to higher level of customer satisfaction online (Barsauskas, Sarapovas, Cvilikas, 2008, 88, 89). Order status as a process can be multi-channel in nature, initiating queries both to telemarketing representatives who respond to auto-generated e-mails from customers' requests to the completely automated systems that can query a given order and provide its status in the supply chain and in fulfillment (Seng, Lin. 2007, 421, 422). Order status regardless of the relatively simplicity or complexity of its process and system-based support, delivers significant cost reductions in services within the first twelve months of implementation (Soltani, Gharbi, 2008, et.al.)."

Tags:infrastructure, server, Internet, marketing, promotion

Abstract
This paper analyzes the impact and benefits of using computers within the healthcare system. It particularly discusses the ways that computer systems that are now available can improve healthcare in the areas of patient care, reducing medical errors, increasing safety and cost reductions. The paper particularly mentions the system COSTAR (computer stored ambulatory record) and its possible applications.

From the Paper
"In conclusion, there are a lot of areas where computers can help improve healthcare. Many new and existing computer systems are available that have the capacity to improve on patient care, medical errors, safety, and cost reductions. It is important to remember, however, that no system is perfect and there is still a chance for errors to occur. Before a system is considered for implementation, it should be tested out and even observed at other facilities where it is in place. A thorough evaluation of the costs and benefits is crucial before making the final decision of selecting a computer system. Computer systems have clearly been advancing and getting better. These systems fill a great need in healthcare, and their continued advancement gives many people hope and encouragement about what they can accomplish in the future."

Tags:COSTAR, infrastructure, hospital