A discussion of the theory that a person can only will something which he perceives to be or do him good, but that idea of what is good can be entirely subjective and altogether incorrect or even evil.
Abstract This paper relates the ideas of sensitive appetite and practical intellect. It expands on the role they play in the deliberations of man to reach a decision based of his perception of good and evil.
From the Paper "Essentially or by nature, what man wills is good, since he can only will something to which he is inclined, and ?every inclination is to something good.? (Aquinas 2002) But every inclination takes a form, whether natural or apprehended. The form that exists in the nature of things appeals to the natural appetite, while that apprehended or perceived form appeals to the sensitive, or the rational or intellective appetite. In layman's terms, a person can only will something, which he perceives to be or do him good, but that idea of what is good can be entirely subjective and altogether incorrect or even evil."
Abstract This paper explains that anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder in which a patient shows loss of appetite in eating, as well as loss of sensation to hunger. The author points out that, due to lack of the needed nourishment for the body, caused by the constant inability of the patient to eat, an anorexic may experience gradual deterioration of physical health, which, if not properly treated, may lead to the patient's death. The paper relates that nutritionists suggest that there are several methods and techniques to prevent an adolescent from becoming an anorexic, including cautious behavior of the people around the environment of an adolescent to demonstrate positive views about eating.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Medical Symptoms and Complications Associated with Anorexia Nervosa
What is Anorexia Nervosa?
Factors Causing Anorexia Nervosa
Symptoms of Anorexia Nervosa
Complications of Anorexia Nervosa
Medical Problems
Psychological Problems
Problems Caused to the People around the Patient
Preventive Strategies for Both Genders in Adolescence
Treatment Strategies
Therapeutic Strategies
Conclusion
From the Paper "There are diverse individuals that may be involved around the environment of an anorexic adolescent. This includes the parents, the educators, and the medical professionals. These individuals can help adolescents with anorexia nervosa to prevent the disorder from worsening. They can become instrumental mediums in encouraging adolescents to keep in good fit and in healthy conditions, both physically and psychologically."
Abstract This paper explains that both comics John Belushi and Chris Farley followed the same path from Chicago Improv to breakout stardom on "Saturday Night Live" (SNL), relying on manic energy, pratfalls and their considerable girth to get laughs. The author points out that both comedians had stellar careers not only on SNL but also in films and other platforms; however, they had overwhelming appetites for food, drugs, alcohol and women. The paper relates that Belushi was the first to die at age 33 followed by Chris Farley's death also at age 33; both deaths were related to drug usage.
Table of Contents
Introduction
John Belushi
Chris Farley
Similarities
From the Paper "Chris was born to Tom and Mary Anne Farley in Madison, Wisconsin on February 15, 1964. He described himself as a "teacher's nightmare" at Marquette University, where he graduated with a degree in communications and theatre. After Marquette, he performed with the Ark Improv Theatre group and studying under legendary director Del Close (John Belushi and John Candy both worked under Close as well) at the Improv Olympic Theatre. Chris was performing at Second City Theatre in the late eighties when he was discovered by SNL producer Lorne Michaels. Lorne brought him to the cast of Saturday Night Live in the 1990-91 season."
Abstract In this article, the writer discusses that over the course of Franz Kafka's short story "The Metamorphosis", the central protagonist, Gregor Samsa, slowly gives up all of the characteristics that the reader might consider human, like his job, his ability to move on two feet, and also his customary appetite for his favorite foods, after he suddenly finds himself transformed into a gigantic cockroach. The writer notes that one of the most symbolically important aspects of this sudden abnegation of all human characteristics is found in Gregor's changed relationship with food. The writer also points out that food provides a metaphor for Gregor's relationship with his body, his environment, and most importantly of all, his emotional and social relationship with his family.
From the Paper "This strength of appetite, Kafka ominously implies, might actually be an unaccustomed animal-like hunger. Then, Gregor forgets his strong sense of hunger for some time. He is worried that his supervisor at work will fire him if he cannot arrive at his job with his customary punctuality. He is concerned he will not be able to support his family because cannot arise from his bed. His father, the reader learns later in the story, has grown fat with Gregor's labor, as Gregor alone is engaging in paid labor."
"The daily rituals and rhythms of Gregor's life, pleasant and unpleasant, are taken away from him because of his physical transformation. Even his dearest family members cannot interpret his words. His movements are inhibited because of his transformation. He is reduced to scuttling around his room. His ability to survive in a basic, physical way is limited, including his ability to find food. Only his sister, who feeds him, is able to understand him on some level, when he accepts and rejects what she provides for him."
Abstract This paper takes a look at the obsession that women have about their weight and size. It claims that advertising, social pressure and media all have major roles in fanning this obsession. It provides a history of the fashion industry and show how this too has influenced this phenomena.
From the paper:
"36-24-36? Those numbers might not mean a thing to some, but for many women, they are the hallmark of western society's obsession with weight. Everywhere you look, scantily clothed women with well-defined midriffs are smiling back from televisions, movie screens, magazines, and billboards. The advertising world wants you to believe that these women have it all: they are beautiful, they are thin, and as a result, they are happier than you. While most people would agree that this is certainly not true, a growing number of women are left wondering: Do I have to be thin to have it all?"
Abstract This paper discusses eating disorders such as Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia, looking at the death rate as well as the characteristics of the disease. Cultural, social and medical factors are discussed. as well as psychological solutions to eating disorders.
From the paper:
"While some of us are capable of scorning this distorted view, others often fall prey and suffer a multitude of problems associated with the means governed towards the perfect body. Instances of Anorexia and Bulimia have now reached an alarming rate and while society is not fully to blame, one must attempt to understand the very root of the problem before attempting to come up with answers".
Abstract This essay discusses the eating disorder orthorexia. The author defines orthorexia as the fixation on eating too healthy. The paper discusses what orthorexia is, its hidden causes, how it can be cured, statistics, and the dangers of the disorder.
From the paper:
"Orthorexia nervosa refers to the fixation on eating healthy food. It is referred to as correct appetite. Orthorexia is a long-term behavior pattern, not short term. Paying attention to food for a few weeks during dietary transition is not Orthorexia; constantly obsessing on food over the long run is. There are many reasons that eating disorders develop. Issues with control, a craving for perfection, and a vision of an unrealistic body image can be a few."
Tags: disorders, eating, weight, diet, health, cooking, raw
Abstract This paper discusses the theories of Thomas Hobbes, the English philosopher and political theorist, and their influence on political events during the English Revolution (1640-1660). His famous work "Leviathan", the ethical philosophy of Utilitarianism, his views on a secular justification for a secular state and his theories of human behavior are among those examined and their impacts outlined in this paper.
From the Paper "Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) was a famous English philosopher and political theorist who profoundly influenced the political events during the so-called English Revolution (1640-1660), a time of great upheaval and disorder. Hobbes wrote his famous work Leviathan (1651) in this period in which he advocated a form of government in which the subjects hand over all the authority to the ruler. Hobbes is also thought to be the major influence behind the ethical philosophy of Utilitarianism and has contributed greatly to the development of psychology and modern sociology. Hobbes was one of the first philosophers to give a secular justification for a secular state and was responsible for the departure from a religiously centered thinking (the Scholasticism) in Europe that was opposed to any new ideas beyond the Christian theology and the Greek philosophies. This departure from Scholasticism is one of the turning points in Western civilization as secularism became increasingly important and the all-pervasive influence of religion and theology (on the ways in which the governments were run and on the way people led their lives) declined gradually."
Examines causes and effects, research and development, testing, impact on the health care system, generics and brand names, profit and managed care. Uses charts.
2,925 words (approx. 11.7 pages), 16 sources, 1999, $ 103.95
Abstract There are a number of factors which seem to be driving drug spending to record-high levels. Of late there has been revolution in pharmaceutical research, a billion-dollar marketing blitz, and Americans voracious appetite for Viagra, Claritin and a host of other pricey pills.
Retail pharmacies will rack up an estimated $102.5 billion in sales of prescription drugs by year end, up 85% in just half a decade.
From the Paper "Rising Pharmaceutical Spending: Causes and Consequences
Introduction: Assessing the Marketplace
There are a number of factors which seem to be driving drug spending to record-high levels. Of late there has been revolution in pharmaceutical research, a billion-dollar marketing blitz, and Americans voracious appetite for Viagra, Claritin and a host of other pricey pills.
Retail pharmacies will rack up an estimated $102.5 billion in sales of prescription drugs by year end, up 85% in just half a decade. Drug sales in the U.S. are rising 16.6% this year, more than four times the increase in health-care spending overall. And at a time when prices of other manufactured goods have declined by 1%, some generic drug makers have raised the price ..."
Abstract The paper examines two different philosophical concepts of the ideal society. It shows how Plato believed that humans are governed by three elements ? bodily appetites, spiritual elements and reason ? and how each person has a dominant element that determines his or her place in society. In Plato's ideal society, only people who are governed by the rule of reason should be allowed to rule as guardians. A society which allows the ill-equipped masses to lead will be chaotic, making it impossible for good people to live productive lives. It discusses how Marx, in contrast, believed that all human beings are creators, the natural essence of all humans is creativity and that human beings have triumphed over nature by creating society and social relations. The only way back to the creative human essence is moving back to a true communist state, one where people, no longer required to labor, are free to once again indulge in creative productive work.
From the Paper "Like the human soul, Plato also viewed society as an organism. In Plato's ideal society, each person's social role will be determined by the element dominant in his or her soul. People who are ruled by bodily appetites would make the best producers ? farmers, laborers, hunters, merchants and the others whose work sustains a populace's physical needs. People who are driven by honor, loyalty, fame and other spiritual elements should be members of a city's auxiliary and military staff (Lavine: 58).
Finally, there are the men and women who are ruled by reason. They are devoid of family ties and do not possess private property. Through years of training, they could enact laws and make decisions based on reason and wisdom, on what Plato termed the ?idea of the good.? (Lavine: 58)."
Tags: soul, elements, humans, guardians, reason, chaos, communism, work
Abstract This paper examines the Book 'Music of the Swamp' by Lewis Nordan, a fictitious story that depicts the Southern way of life. It examines how Nordan's writing style allows him to strike a delicate balance between portraying the harsh real life situations at the same time satiating the appetite of the witty minded with a hilarious novel that addresses all the typical southern elements like the discriminatory social climate. It shows how by using all bizarre characters and elegant language the author has managed to pass on his point that in life there is always this duality and that happiness and sadness complement each other.
From the Paper "The author always manages to infuse the gloomy picture of Mississippi throughout the novel. This is evident when Sugar with his father and mother visits the Mississippi beach and even there they are greeted with death. A man lies dead along the coast like one of the fishes. The dark discoveries of Sugar doesn't end here. Soon when he casually digs up all around his house he is shocked to unearth a dead woman in a red dress. Furthermore when Sugar visits the drug store with his father he again faces death square in the face when his father accidentally overdoses his friend to death. So even as a child the young sugar experiences drugs, discrimination, death and a lot of the gloomy side of life."
Tags: society, blacks, Mississippi, dicrimination, death, love
Abstract This paper discusses the issues of marijuana, currently classified in the U.S. as an illegal substance. It examines the case for making it legal by prescription for medical purposes and why it is unethical to deny a sick person of the medical benefits. In persons undergoing cancer therapy, marijuana can ease the nausea, vomiting and loss of appetite caused by chemotherapy treatment. It describes its constituents, its effect on humans and the avid campaign over the years to have it decriminalized.
From the Paper "Marijuana is derived from the flowers and dried leaves of the cannabis plant, which at varied potencies contains the non-narcotic chemical called Tetrahydrocannabinol, also known as THC. The different strengths of this herb produce various physical effects, ranging from a tranquilizer to a stimulant. Preceding to the 1930s, when marijuana was believed to be a problem it was a legal substance for over one hundred and thirty years. (Grinspoon) The potential unsafe effects of marijuana usage became public knowledge when Harry J. Anslinger, the commissioner of the Federal Bureau of Narcotic wrote the book Marijuana Assassin of Youth. Anslinger's book gave examples of Mexican and Negro criminals, as well as young boys of other races, who, while under the influence of marijuana, became serial killers. Some of the serious adverse side effects Anslinger mentioned included premature cancer, hostility, depression, coordination and perceptional reproductive disabilities, memory loss, and impairment to both the respiratory system and the immune system."
Abstract The writer looks at Plato's views about how it is not enough to have justice in one's soul, but that it is the practicing, or craft, of justice that is important. The paper discusses "The Republic", Plato's dialogues dealing with the concepts of justice, morality and ethics.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Platonic Soul
Appetitive Part
Emotional Part
Rational Part
Relationships Between the Parts
The Virtues
Courage
Temperance
Wisdom
Justice
Lack of Harmony
The Timocratic Man
The Democratic Man
The Tyrannical Man
Life of Reason
The Craft of Justice
Conclusion
From the Paper "Both the rational part and the emotional part are in opposition with the appetitive part. They reject action merely on desire alone. The rational part is also in opposition with the emotional part since fulfillment of emotional desires may not be beneficial to the whole. The appetitive part is not in opposition with either of the other two in the same sense; its desires merely will or will not conflict with the desires of the other two parts. From these, we can see that the relationship between the parts is asymmetric and non-commutative, meaning that the relation ship part A has with part B is not the same relationship part B has with part A (Ethics 217)."
Abstract This paper seeks an answer to the question of who leads the happy life: the just man or the unjust? By analyzing Greek philosopher, Plato's work "The Republic", this paper explores his views on the tyrannical government, focusing on the creation of the tyrant, his nature, appetites and his miserable end.
From the Paper "Plato's classic The Republic deals with many philosophical issues about the ideal society, its nature, and the meaning of justice. While Socrates and his fellow companions discuss those points, the major question arises and gradually guides the course of the entire book, helping Plato design and outline his concept of the "just city": Is it more profitable, more satisfying, for a person to practice justice or injustice? In other words, which would bring ultimate happiness to the individual? For Thrasymachus, injustice pays off. The tyrant is happy because he disobeys the rules ("justice") that he enforces upon the weak. What the weak call "justice" is really slavery, and no one strong would act that way. Socrates thinks otherwise."
Abstract This discusses primary pulmonary hypertension (PPH). It is a pulmonary vascular disease characterized by an elevation in mean pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. Recently, PPH gained national attention because of its association with appetite suppressants. PPH may also be associated with pregnancy, hypothyroidism, autoimmune disorders, human immunodeficiency virus infection, and the use of drugs such as oral contraceptives and cocaine. Patients with PPH may report dyspnea on exertion and fatigue. Early diagnosis is crucial.
