Abstract This paper explains that, while many poisonous vapors may be present during a fire, carbon monoxide has characteristics that make it particularly dangerous because it causes oxygen deprivation. This author suggests that the solution for firefighters is a piece of equipment called a SCBA (self-contained breathing apparatus), which includes a face mask, bottled air supply, a regulator to control pressure, and a harness to carry the apparatus on the firefighter's back. The paper stresses that fire departments must replace all their breathing apparatus at once so they are standardized, and every firefighter has the same level of protection.
From the Paper "When SCBA devices were first developed, they were sold as units. Today, however, most departments buy each piece of apparatus separately. This means that each firefighter has his or her own face mask, which reduces the chance of contagious illnesses being spread because multiple users used the same mask while one of them was coming down with something. In addition, departments need to buy extra masks in case masks get damaged. They also need extra bottles, because one bottle per firefighter may not be enough air, making a bottle exchange necessary. This makes it even more important that components be compatible with one another."
This paper details various guidelines related to the practice of diabetes education as well as the dimensions of this practice in relation to other apparatus of care for people with diabetes, their families and suitable support systems.
Abstract This writer of this paper contends that diabetes is a chronic illness which requires continual medical care and education in order to avert acute complications and reduce the risk of long-term medical problems. This paper cites various definitions related to the practice of diabetes education and the dimensions of this practice in relation to other apparatus of care for people with diabetes, their families and suitable support systems. This paper details the numerous revisions made over the years to the original guidelines created by the American Diabetes Association which reflect the most current medical standards used in the cure of children and adults having type 1 and type 2 diabetes. The primary goal of diabetes education is to give knowledge and skill training as well as help persons identify barriers, facilitate problem-solving and develop coping skills to attain effective self-care management and behavior change.
Table of Contents:
Origins
Purpose
Practice Before the Standard and How Does the Standard Guide the Treatment of the Disease Entity?
General Advantage of its Use and Practice
Identification of Ways to Incorporate the Standard
Nurse Practitioner as a Diabetes Educator
Reference
From the Paper "The primary goal of diabetes education is to give knowledge and skill training, as well as help persons identify barriers, facilitate problem-solving and develop coping skills to attain effective self-care management and behavior change. It is the position of DSME (2005) that all educators should gauge both individual and aggregate AADE 10 Self-Care Behaviors at a minimum of pre- and post- intervention. Additional follow-up measurements are ideal, and should be functional as appropriate to the practice setting. Through adoption of the guidelines educators are trained to determine their effectiveness with individuals and populations, compare their performance with customary benchmarks and measure and quantify the unique contribution that DSMT plays in the overall context of diabetes care."
Abstract This paper looks at four organelles found inn all cells: mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, and the Golgi apparatus. It also looks at two components of photosynthetic cells - chlorophyll and chloroplasts. It explains the endosymbiont theory of eukaryote evolution, and explains what the limits are on cell size.
From the Paper "The endoplasmic reticulum is a network of membranes forming channels and tubes which are found throughout the cytoplasm of a cell. The endoplasmic reticulum helps move materials through the cytoplasm and to the cell membrane. Some endoplasmic reticulum tubules are studded with ribosomes on their cytoplasmic surfaces and this is known as rough endoplasmic reticulum in contrast to smooth endoplasmic reticulum, which has no ribosomes on its surface. The ribosomes synthesize proteins which are inserted into the lumen of the endoplasmic..."
Tags: endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, ribosomes, mitochondria, chloroplasts, endosymbionic theory
Abstract The paper is written in NIH standard format style. It details a completely novel, potential experiment in determining prion protein pathogenesis by use of the Golgi. The paper outlines the specific aims, the materials and methods, expectations, and future work in a logical order. The purpose of this research is to determine whether or not the Golgi Apparatus is instrumental in facilitating the distribution of infectious prion proteins from infected neurons. It is hypothesized that constitutive exocytosis from the Trans end of the Golgi Apparatus is a vector through which infectious prions exit an infected neuron. It is also hypothesized that chemical inhibition of exocytosis may decrease formation of pathogenic PrPSc from healthy PrPc.
The paper includes figures.
From the Paper "Steps toward understanding the nature of these dreaded pathogens are extremely important. Many lives may depend on the development of a treatment, since it is unknown how many people may be carrying PrPSc. The death inflicted by prion illnesses is a slow, excruciating, unimaginably frightening ordeal. In addition, infectious prions are extremely resilient, able to withstand temperatures that carbonize meat, sterilizing doses of UV radiation, and standard autoclaving (4). The pathogenic PrPSc protein poses health risks to not only those who consume and work with beef, but also to physicians, nurses, and technicians who may be exposed to potentially-contaminated neurological tissue."
Abstract The paper presents an outline for a paper that will look at the recent history of the feminist movement and explore legislation on affirmative action, domestic violence issues, issues pertaining to workplace harassment and sexual assault and on matters relating to equal pay for equal work. The paper explains that the research will look at the legal and institutional apparatuses which have sprung up in recent decades to protect women and whether those apparatuses are actually working. The paper further explains that the proposed research will conclude by arguing that the quality of citizenship and democracy in Canada is profoundly compromised if half of the population is being treated unequally.
From the Paper "The structure of my argument will proceed from broad to narrow - or at least it will do so as much as possible. Depending upon the sources available to me, I would like to start out by looking at the history of the women's movement in Canada from around 1970 onward, paying special attention to any benchmark achievements or successes that have taken place since that time. Of course, before going into this matter in great depth, I will most likely contextualize the issue by looking at the status of women before that date (although I really do not want to spend a great deal of time upon it). With the historical background out of the way, I will examine the situation as it presently stands. In particular, I will try to use scholarly databases which provide up-to-date information on rape statistics and the number of women to be found in non-traditional occupations or positions (such as senior management). Ultimately, I hope to use specific examples of where women are in ascendance or where they are still lagging behind; I may also discover that the concerns many women have about various issues are unfounded."
Abstract Using well-known Marxist philosophers including Foucault and Althusser, this paper discusses the way in which the culture of power in the United States attempted to keep the Japanese Nisei, second generation in the United States, from prospering in their new home.The author analyses the laws and state apparatuses involved in keeping the Nisei from rising and thriving in society.
From the Paper "In the chapter "The Means of Correct Training" of Michel Foucault's book Discipline and Punish, Foucault states, ?The chief function of the disciplinary power is to ?train,? rather than to select or to very, or no doubt, to train in order to levy and select all the more? (188). It is the attempt of the disciplines of "imprisonment" and "schooling" to create docile bodies to maximize economic production. According to Marxist theory, as applied by Louis Althusser in his essay "Ideology and Ideological State Apparatuses", in a capitalistic state, the economy is the basis for society, and all apparatuses and disciplines focus around the capitalists and the accumulation of wealth. Althusser states, ?. . . Marx conceived the structure of every society as constituted by "levels" or "instances" articulated by a specific determination: the infrastructure, or economic base and the super structure? (134). However, in the capitalists attempt to train individuals to become docile bodies for the economic base to use as a means of reproduction of the conditions of production, those who do not conform to the rules, do not measure up to standards of intellect, or those that do not have the same racial background as the ruling class, are manufactured as delinquents or useless people. The ruling class uses the "imprisonment" and "schooling" disciplines to create a sense of uselessness in the people who are of no use or pose a threat to the ruling class. By encouraging delinquency in its enemies, the ruling class is able to control people they feel are of no use to them."
Examines the participation by the average German and the government, Nazi propaganda, antisemitism, non-Jewish deaths, the role of Police, peer pressure, psychology of and religious issues.
3,600 words (approx. 14.4 pages), 4 sources, 1999, $ 127.95
Abstract The purpose of this research is to examine theories of how and why the Holocaust, or the mass murder of the civilian population of Jews (about six million) and non-Jewish civilians targeted for extinction by the Nazi regime (perhaps another six million) could have been perpetrated and supported by ordinary human beings as much as by the official state apparatus of programmatic evil.
From the Paper "The purpose of this research is to examine theories of how and why the Holocaust, or the mass murder of the civilian population of Jews (about six million) and non-Jewish civilians targeted for extinction by the Nazi regime (perhaps another six million) could have been perpetrated and supported by ordinary human beings as much as by the official state apparatus of programmatic evil. The plan of the research will be to set forth the explanations offered by Christopher R. Browning in Ordinary Men and Daniel Jonah Goldhagen in Ordinary Men and Hitler's Willing Executioners, respectively, and then to discuss which of the arguments make the most compelling case and whether and to what extent each argument suggests ways of interpreting the human condition and the prospect of future genocides.
As both Browning and Goldhagen argue, and as the evidence of the ..."
From the Paper "Gas chromatography is a method for the separation and analysis of complex mixtures of volatile organic and inorganic compounds (1:666). Most compounds with boiling points less than 250oC (480oF) can be analyzed using this technique. This paper will describe the apparatus used for gas chromatography, the principles on which it works, how a thermal conductivity detector works in gas chromatography, and whether or not it can be used with a sample of potassium t-butoxide.
General Principles of Gas Chromatography
There are two types of gas chromatography: gas-liquid chromatography, where the sorbent is a nonvolatile liquid called the stationary liquid phase, coated as a thin layer on an inert, granular solid support; and gas-solid chromatography, where the sorbent is a granular solid of large surface area (1:666). The..."
This paper discusses the policy-making apparatus of the Swedish government: Party system, Parliament, prime minister, monarch, interest groups, electoral system, economy, strengths and weaknesses.
2,025 words (approx. 8.1 pages), 3 sources, 1991, $ 71.95
From the Paper "Situated on the Baltic side of the Scandinavian Peninsula and projecting north of the Arctic Circle, Sweden is the largest, most populous, and wealthiest of the Scandinavian countries. In 1986, the per capita GNP was $13,000. The purpose of this paper is to discuss the policy-making apparatus of the Swedish government; the party system; the organization of Parliament; the roles of the prime minister, monarch, and major interest groups; the electoral system; and the general economy. Following this discussion is an evaluation of the system, noting its strengths and weaknesses.
Sweden is a parliamentary democracy, and it is a monarchy. Nordic society's aim is government by consensus. It is structured to encourage shrewd appraisal conservative attitudes ... "
Abstract This paper deals with the essentially paranoid nature of Soviet espionage. It shows how the mentality of the Soviet state was paranoid and conspiratorial even before its inception. Therefore, the Soviet security and intelligence agency was necessarily paranoid and conspiratorial as well. The paranoia that consumed the Soviet leadership undoubtedly paved the way for the creation of the most successful intelligence gathering agency in modern history. This paper shows how the same paranoid mentality inevitably doomed the Soviet security and intelligence agency as an effective intelligence apparatus capable of providing accurate information about foreign operations.
From the Paper "From Lenin and Stalin, to those who came afterwards, the domestic and foreign policy of the Soviet Union was based on a steady diet of unsubstantiated conspiracy theories and fanatical paranoia. Thus, it was these two qualities which became the bread and butter of Soviet espionage from its very inception. Throughout the paranoid existence of the Soviet Union, the Soviet security and intelligence agency was used to perform clandestine activities against real and imagined opposition, on a size and scale previously unprecedented in the world of espionage. The agency's efforts were largely successful in recruiting spies and gathering valuable intelligence information, especially against the Western imperialist powers. However, the Soviet leadership was often so consumed by paranoia that they were unable correctly analyze much of the intelligence information; causing the security and intelligence agency to be largely ineffective, and eventually almost crippling the Soviet espionage apparatus altogether."
This paper states that by studying the advertisements of a particular era you can understand the mentality of the people along with the social, economic and political climate. Advertising of the 1920s and 1970s are analyzed.
Abstract This paper describes that the dramatic differences between the colorful, lush print ads of the 1920s and the more stark, real-life ads of the 1970s are based on the differences in the socio-economic climate of the times and the advancement of women's rights. The author adds that, in the 1970s, the power of advertising was circumscribed by the new regulatory apparatus of the Federal Trade Commission and the National Advertising Review Board. The author believes that exploitation of the beauty of women is evident in all the advertisements of both eras.
Table of Contents
Introduction
Descriptions/Comparisons/Contrasts
Historical Influences
Insights
Projection
Conclusion
From the Paper "The dramatic change in the role of women is captured in these print ads. Instead of being sweet, submissive and dependent on men, the women of the ?70s appear to be strong and independent. The lady in the Hanes pantyhose displays her pantyhose prominently with a manipulative smile on her face. In fact, the male counterpart is cut off from the rest of the ad, leaving her as the undisputed "star" of this ad. The lady in the Berlinetta ad sports a fashionable mannish suit and strikes a playful and "in-control" pose, demonstrating the qualities of the woman in the 70s ."
Abstract This study assesses the extent to which ADD/ADHD affects adult self-esteem. Intervention strategies used in psychotherapy are evaluated to determine which approaches prove to be the most beneficial in improving self-esteem. It also looks at the effects psychotherapy and/or psychopharmacology have on the improvements of self-esteem.
Introduction
Background
Objectives & Statement of the Problem
Research Question
Hypotheses
Review of Related Literature
Research Methodology
Experimental Design
Subjects
Apparatus/Tools
Analysis
Interpretation
From the Paper "Limited research has been conducted in the area of attention deficit disorder (ADD) in adults. Children and Adults with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (CHADD) (1999) stated that ADD in adults has not been thoroughly researched and only recently has been recognized as an adult disability. CHADD reported that this might be attributed to the previous belief that the symptoms of ADD were resolved in adolescence due to brain development, hormonal change, or other developmental changes. Mannuzza, Klein, Bessler, Malloy, and LaPadula (1997) also expressed the concern that very little is known about the adult outcome of ADD. Self-esteem is considered the most important aspect of self-development (Stipek, Recchia, & McClintic, 1992). Research found regarding affects of ADD/ADHD on adult's self-esteem is lacking."
Tags: personality, pharmacotherapy, self-development, methodology, research
Abstract Light beers have become a viable product in the last few years showing a certain ambiguous health consciousness on the part of the public, at least in America, so that people continue to drink beer but try to reduce their caloric intake at the same time. This paper compares the international markets for the products Bud Light (Anheuser-Busch International, Inc) and Coors Light (Coors Brewing Company).
The paper shows that taste may be a consideration in deciding which beer to purchase, but the success or failure of a lite beer in the international marketplace will depend as much on the marketing and distribution apparatus and skills of the companies that produce these beers, thus raising the issue of whether Anheuser-Busch or Coors will be better able to deliver the product to the consumer. The paper concludes that by this criterion in particular, Bud Light is in a better position than Coors Light.
From the Paper "Coors has been making progress in the international marketplace as well, but it has also encountered some problems. Canada is a major market for beer, as noted, and Coors had an agreement with Canada's biggest brewer, Molson Breweries, for licensing rights to Coors' top-selling beers in Canada. A dispute arose in 1996 leading to an agreement that Molson would continue to brew and sell Coors Light, Canada's dominant light beer, and Original Coors through June 30, 1997, with doubts about what would happen after that. A court ruling had found that Molson had breached its licensing deal by allowing Miller Brewing Co., a unit of Philip Morris Cos. Inc., to buy a 20 percent stake without Coors' consent in 1993. Molson Breweries is also owned 40 percent each by Toronto-based Molson Cos. Ltd. and Australia's Foster's Brewing Group Ltd. Molson had to pay Coors damages in the millions of dollars (Schuettler, "Coors/Molson Agree"). Coors Light is the dominant light beer in Canada, commanding a 5 to 5.5 percent share of the beer market, and Coors can ill-afford to ignore this market (Schuettler, "Molson Shares Dive")."
Abstract This report explains in detail the function, structure and assembly of flagella in E.coli and Salmonella, using plain language and a number of diagrams. Movement (chemotaxis) is the primary function of flagella but its design also incorporates efficient repair capability and antigenic variation. In Salmonella and E.coli the flagellar filament is a homopolymer of flagellin monomers, although other species (such as Helicobacter) build their flagella from mixtures of two types of subunit. All the properties of the functioning filament are reflected in the structure of the flagellin monomer, which has conserved and variable regions, regions targeted by chaperones and coiling enzymes and regions evolved specifically for interaction between monomers. Chemotaxis is driven by a proton motive force (as in oxidative phosphorylation) and the basal complex that converts this energy into rapid rotation of the flagellum is highly complex.
From the Paper "Many bacteria are motile and exhibit chemotaxis ? migration through the extracellular medium towards attractants (e.g. carbon sources), and away from repellents (e.g. antibiotics). The majority move using flagella ?protein structures variable in number and position (Box 1) that generate thrust by rotating like propellers. Flagella are 15nm in diameter and can be observed under light microscopy after thick metal staining or using advanced microscopy techniques such as electron microscopy. Because of the competitive advantages of chemotaxis, there has been strong selection for efficient chemotactic apparatus and flagellar efficiency. The flagellum is based in the bacterial surface layers where a complex array of proteins forms the flagellar motor. Resembling the electric rotary motor and the membrane-bound F1F0-ATPase, and powered by a proton influx across the inner membrane, this highly efficient machine is merely 30nm in diameter. Its mechanism is the subject of ongoing research."
Abstract Inmates in penal systems live in a world quite separated from that of the free public. Their access to services is, in many ways, quite simplified in that there is often only one provider of a particular type or range of services (i.e. one doctor for the prison) and, as no insurance policy covers expenses of health care for inmates, all costs for treatment come out of the governmental till (our only real form of socialized medicine). But, that till is limited and does not extend itself to heroic measures to preserve the lives of inmates. Some systems, however, do employ a variety of new and innovative techniques to bring a greater level of quality health-care to prisons while reducing costs. In this paper, a simulated inmate of the Maryland prison system will be created who will be the subject of a medical history, treatment plan and recovery prognosis. This simulation will take into consideration known elements of the health-care system and practices known to be in place within the Maryland penal system. The contraction, diagnosis, treatment, discharge planning and prisoner's view on his condition (high blood pressure) will be included. It is the purpose then, to paint an accurate picture of the Maryland penal system's health-care apparatus through a fictional patient.
