Abstract
This paper examines application programming interface (API) - the application by which two programs are integrated according to a programmer's specific commands. The examines the specific funationality of API and then looks at the Windows API model. Examples of the functionality and parameters of API are presented in the paper.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Body Introduction
Specific Functionality
The Windows API Model

From the Paper
"The XML response above represents the response of the API according to the scripts that have been written or coded in the API thereof. These scripts serve the functions of specifically fulfilling program tasks that will give the user the desired output for his programming sequencing thereof. In other words, the API contains the specific system whereby the original user can program according to a system pre-ordained and defined in the language of the API scripts, which delineate specific searches that bring up specific data or formats that instruct the application for further programming and performance purposes. In this way, today's API keeps evolving as the searches and functions get more and more specific and the API sustains the specific of the program and functions on an ongoing and increasingly stratified basis."

Tags:sequencing, scripts, programming, data, Windows

Abstract
This paper introduces, discusses, and analyzes the topic of domestic violence against Asian-American women. Specifically, the paper discusses domestic violence among Asian-Americans in the United States.

Introduction
Reason Why People Left Their Own Home (Country)
General Idea about Domestic Violence/Welfare and API
Domestic Violence Specific to API Women - Vietnamese
Distinguishing Dynamics
Meaning of Physical Abuse
Abusive Community Norms
Negative Effects on the Community
Language as Well as Culture
Mental Health Issues of Family and Child Rearing
Recommendation
Question and Answer for Immigrant and Refugee Women
You have a Right to be Free from Violence in your Own Home
Conclusion
Confront the Problem of Resettlement
The Different Individuals Deal with their Heritage and Create a New Life for Themselves in a Country That Is Not Always Welcoming Them

From the Paper
"Domestic violence is widespread in the United States, and widespread among Asian American women. Studies indicate that some form of domestic abuse occurs in one out of two marital relationships (Rimonte 328). Researchers estimate that domestic abuse involves at least 2 million married Americans each year. The number rises even more when researchers add in the numbers of abusive non-married and gay couples (Hamberger and Renzetti xi). As the numbers indicate, domestic abuse can occur in any relationship, from male-female to gay and lesbian. In the American community, many of these abusive relationships go unreported, and the same is true of the Asian community. Most abusers have a pattern of abuse as children, or are prone to violent and/or antisocial behavior. In fact, many abusers have much in common with violent criminals."

Tags:clash, cultures, goldfields, california, railroads, immigrants, assimilating, marital, relationships, vietnamese, korean

Abstract
The paper relates that by the late 1990s, international travel software traditionally used by travel agencies, such as SABRE, was opened up via application programming interface (API) to web developers. The paper explains that as a result, consumers saw the advent of internet-based travel agencies such as Expedia.com and Priceline.com, and many airlines and other travel companies began to sell directly to passengers. The paper discusses how as a consequence, airlines no longer needed to pay commissions to travel agents on each ticket sold, and with increasing global access to the Internet, consumers have an increasing predilection to make their own purchases online.

From the Paper
"By the late 1990s, international travel software traditionally used by travel agencies, such as SABRE, was opened up via application programming interface (API) to web developers. As a result, consumers saw the advent of internet-based travel agencies such as Expedia.com and Priceline.com, and many airlines and other travel companies began to sell directly to passengers. As a consequence, airlines no longer needed to pay commissions to travel agents on each ticket sold. With increasing global access to the Internet, consumers have an increasing predilection to make their own..."

Tags:business, travel, industry

Abstract
This paper discusses the maintenance required for the upkeep of liquid storage tanks. The paper explains that these tanks need to be inspected, repaired, and tested prior to usage. In the U.S. for example, the Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), along with the American Petroleum Institute (API), determine the guidelines by which tank farms have to be managed. The paper contends that fear of leaks and contamination of the ground water and the subsequent ground water, oil clean-up has resulted in the creation of extensive and detailed guidelines by which these tanks have to be maintained to prevent any failures.

From the Paper
"Ever since crude oil was first successfully drilled in the U.S. in Titusville, Pennsylvania, in 1859, the demand for oil has only been increasing over the years in countries all over the world. (Camden, 1883) Crude oil is not used in the extracted form; but it is refined to obtained products such as gasoline, liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), naphtha, kerosene, gas-oil and fuel oil. Secondary products during the purification of crude oil are obtained are lubricants, asphalt, perfumes and insecticides. There are, approximately, more than 4,000 different petrochemical products obtained from refining of crude oil that have commercial value. All these products have to be stored for consumption. (DOE, 2000)"

Tags:crude, oil, petroleum

Abstract
This paper does a comparative survey of the features of 3D graphics tools in Java and examines the importance and the future prospects of Java-based graphics tools. The paper gives a brief description of why some tools have become quite popular and takes a look at the compatibility of these tools with community developed Linux Operating Systems such as Ubuntu, in particular. The comparative survey of these tools deals with the features, drawbacks and the scope of their use in the future. In conclusion, a short analysis is made in terms of how the end-users can benefit from these tools and libraries, as well as analyzing the target segments for these tools.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Brief Introduction of Java Based 3D Graphics Tools
Low Level Graphics APIs
Screen Graph based Java APIs
Conclusion
Acknowledgements

From the Paper
"The major features of JOGL include proving low level bindings for OpenGL and granting full access to Open GL 2.0 Specification. Apart from this JOGL also provides hardware-supported 3D graphics for Java based applications, which gives it a significant edge over other tools. JOGL also has integrated AWT and Swing widget support integrated. The way JOGL functions is that it parses the C header files from OpenGL (which are in 'C' only) and then using the Java Native Interface (JNI) converts them to Java libraries. This enables JOGL to access OpenGL library using JNI calls. This functionality marrows down the performance gap between Java and other programming languages. However, there is one major drawback of JOGL, which is likely to be over come in the future versions. It lacks helper functions that are available in Java 3D [8]. JOGL also has the advantage of being smaller in size and also for its support to OpenGL shading technologies. JOGL is also supported by Linux (AMD64/x86) Distos, such as Ubuntu."

Tags:hi-tech, computer, programming, animation, design

Abstract
The differences between the emerging, component-based development and long-standing, object-oriented (OO) development are often unclear. This paper discusses the similarities and differences between OO and component-based development. It begins by describing the evolution of the abstraction process and the emergence of OO programming. Next, the limitations of OO programming are discussed, along with an explanation of how component-based development was born to serve as a complimentary extension to OO to overcome its primary disadvantages. Given the differences between objects and components, this paper concludes with recommendations for developing systems using both constructs. Finally, the future of objects and components is discussed. The paper includes figures.

From the Paper
"There are also other differences between components and objects. One is the division of labor (Hurwitz, 1998). Components create two classes of developers. The first group of developers are highly skilled developers who can use all the power of objects to create fine-grained objects that they then string together to create large-grained business-oriented components. The second group is the traditional corporate developers who do not know how to program in complex object-oriented languages. These developers use components created by the more skilled developers. The corporate programmer is not allowed to change the component's content. Thus, a coarse-grained component does not allow inheritance to be applied, which protects the integrity of the component and helps prevent mistakes."

Tags:Microsoft, plugin, API

Abstract
The paper evaluates and compares small business accounting software applications, that are designed for between five and ten users in a small business, in terms of their features, usability and price level. The paper focuses on Microsoft Small Business Accounting, Intuit QuickBooks Pro and Basic and Peachtree (Sage) Accounting, and evaluates their ability to integrate into third party applications and to be able to create process workflows that rely on accounting data to accomplish goals in engineering, marketing, product development, sales and service.

Outline:
Introduction
Analyzing the Functionality of Accounting Applications
Assessment of Accounting Software Usability
Pricing
Recommendation

From the Paper
"Contrasting Sage (Peachtree) and Intuit QuickBooks Pro and Basic usability, Microsoft's Small Business Accounting has been designed to provide first-time users with consistency in terms of process workflows to get common tasks done while also having APIs and scalability for more advanced users. Microsoft has taken the usability lessons learned from their enterprise server applications and integrated them into the Small Business Accounting suite of applications. This includes support for the Microsoft SharePoint Server platform which Microsoft charges on average $85 per user for in a license-based configuration. SharePoint Portal Server also has integration links directly to the APIs for Outlook 2003 and 2007, in addition to support for Office 10. This level of integration makes it possible for Microsoft to create accounting and finance-based workflows that in fact transcend office automation and accounting applications, giving small businesses more opportunity to customize their own approach to completing their accounting. Just as Intuit has created a limited set of APIs for more advanced users and Sage is working to create more introductory level usability, Microsoft has concentrated their usability efforts on the ability to move seamlessly between Microsoft Office, SharePoint, Microsoft Excel and the Small Business Accounting series of applications. As Microsoft has perhaps the most pervasive and well-defined knowledgebase of ergonomics and usability research of anyone in the software industry (Qazi, 2005), their Accounting suite of applications have configurable and customizable set-up Wizards, Wikis or knowledge bases, and the ability to define customized interfaces and process workflows."

Tags:features, usability, scalability, price, process, workflows, APIs

Abstract
The paper is an investigation of the domestic, political conditions that led to the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand and the ensuing crises. It frames the events of that day in the context of Serb domestic politics. Intro includes note on sources, background and Pan-Serbism historical context, nationalism, Balkan wars, previous coups and assassinations, and previous crises in the region. It also provides a brief history of terrorism, militant groups, and militias in Serbia.

From the Paper
"Is it possible that history consists primarily of chaos and chance? When theories of dialectic historicism fail us, or when studies of the "great men" leave gaps, are we not left with dumb luck alone? Where would we be today if the Archduke of Austria-Hungary had taken another road? Would ten million have died if Gavrilo Princip had panicked at his chance to take the life of the heir to the Hapsburg throne? It seems impossibly fascinating to think that sheer coincidence tipped off the spiraling of Europe into the godforsaken trenches for more than half a decade. Unfortunately, as seductive as this what-if history may seem, there were actually some concrete factors at play on the fateful day in June of 1914. The Serbs had seen a rising patriotism across their society since the Balkan Wars. The government had no control over its own security forces, which developed into a state within a state. The militias popping up all over the Balkans were beyond of the control of authorities. Had Princip failed, it is not inconceivable that another disillusioned young radical would have eventually crossed a line somewhere and set things into motion. The conditions in Serbia at the time made it possible, with the atmosphere of rising nationalism, a growing militant movement uncontrollable by civil authorities, and an expanding and dangerous unaccountability on the part of certain elements of the Serb security forces. It was these domestic conditions, born out of history and contemporary conditions, which set the stage for the tragic murders of Sarajevo."

Tags:apis, black, ferdinand, hand, pasic, princip, sarajevo, serbian