Abstract
This paper discusses the antiwar actions of the Vietnam era in the 1960s, with a focus on draft resistance. The paper notes how the counterculture involved a number of different issues and concerns, though the groups that formed tended to coalesce around the ongoing war in Vietnam and to agitate for a withdrawal from that war, with resistance to the draft reaching a high in American history.

From the Paper
"The 1960s counterculture altered American society significantly by giving it a new way of thinking about itself and its relationship to its government, its business community, and itself. It was then no longer proper merely to accept what society sets down as restrictions on personal conduct. The legacy of the 1960s has been a greater questioning of government, a legacy bolstered by Watergate and other elements of the 1970s. The counterculture involved a number of different issues and concerns, though the groups that formed tended to coalesce around the ongoing war in Vietnam and to agitate for a withdrawal from that war."

Tags:antiwar, draft, resistance

Abstract
The paper discusses how the enormous tension, turbulence and racial strife in the U.S. in the 1960s carried over to the men of color and to the white troops in the Vietnam war. The paper explores the situation of African-American soldiers serving in the jungles of Vietnam and points to the manifestations and ramifications of that tension and turbulence, through first person accounts, oral histories and the historical record.

Outline:
Introduction
Thesis
What it Was Like for African-American Soldiers Serving in the Jungles of Vietnam
Why Did They Enlist
What Life Was Actually Like for black soldiers in Vietnam
Oral Histories of the Vietnam War from the Black Perspective
How Black Soldiers in Vietnam Related to the Antiwar Movement Back Home

From the Paper
"There was an enormous amount of tension and turbulence and racial strife in the U.S. in the 1960s. That tension and turbulence carried over to the men of color and to the white troops in the Vietnam war, and this paper will point to the manifestations and ramifications of that tension and turbulence, through first person accounts, oral histories, and the historical record. "War is hell. The cliche still works, years after someone first uttered those words. It always will work whether it is Iraq, Vietnam, or Omaha Beach. But when you're black and fighting a war for a nation that excludes you from the mainstream of its social and political life back home, as it was true for many blacks in Vietnam, it's a double dose of hell. Because, you know that jobs for African Americans will not offer the same opportunities for advancement when you get home, and schools for your children may not be as modern as schools for white children. All those unpleasant realities notwithstanding, the African American soldiers in Vietnam fought and died along side their comrades-in-arms of all nationalities, albeit at the end of the day blacks had their part of town and white soldiers had theirs. And blacks died in disproportionate numbers to whites, as the institutional racism that flourished in America was transplanted to the soggy mosquito-ridden landscape of Vietnam."

Tags:racism, antiwar, movement, blacks, front, lines

Abstract
The paper explores the role of the British and French and Vietminh in the Vietnam War. The paper describes the battle of Dien Bien Phu and discusses the development of the antiwar movement in the U.S..

From the Paper
"The fateful year that Japan surrendered to the Allies, Vietnamese leader Ho Chi Minh created the National Liberation Committee of Vietnam within the People's Congress in order to form a provisional government. Japan transferred all their power in Vietnam over to Ho Chi Minh's Vietminh who promptly declared Vietnam's independence. British forces landed in Saigon and returned authority to the French government, setting the stage for a confrontation between..."

Tags:vietnam war, history, timeline, antiwar, French, British, United States, Korea, Vietminh

Abstract
This paper explains that Bertram Russell is considered the founder of analytic philosophy, the tradition dominating 20th century Anglo-American philosophy. He is know for his writings in the fields of epistemology, logic, the foundations of mathematics, ethics, political and social philosophy, the philosophy of science and antiwar. The author points out that Russell in Chapter V of "The Problems of Philosophy" emphasizes that the knowledge of things is comprised of two components: (1) "Knowledge of Acquaintance" wherein the person is knows directly through his or her acquaintance with the object, without the intermediary of any process of inference or any knowledge of truths and (2) "Knowledge by Description" wherein, similar to Plato's "Forms" analysis, the person knows a description and knows that there is just one object to which this description applies. The paper relates that Russell states that people process information in different ways, but everyone must use the same fundamental steps to arrive at an accurate perception of the world and to understand it.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Knowledge of Acquaintance
Knowledge by Description
Evaluation and Critique of Russell's Position and Arguments
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Russell was not trying to develop a comprehensive definition of his ideas about how and why people think about the world in the ways they do; rather, he was attempting - to borrow a phrase from the academicians - operationalize the terms involved in understanding. Certainly, in order to understand the subtle nuances of how people think about "things," "ideas," and "truths," there must be some solid basis for describing the components involved. For instance, Russell sums up Chapter V by pointing out that "We shall not at this stage attempt to answer all the objections which may be urged against this fundamental principle. For the present, we shall merely point out that, in some way or other, it must be possible to meet these objections, for it is scarcely conceivable that we can make a judgment or entertain a supposition without knowing what it is that we are judging or supposing about.""

Tags:analytic, antiwar, knowledge, acquaintance, description

Abstract
The paper presents a survey of research literature on media coverage of social movements in the United States. It includes the antiwar movement of the 2003 Iraqi War and how that peace movement was covered by the news media. The paper looks at the basis of media "selection" and the issue of bias in media coverage. The paper explores the coverage of other events including the International Monetary Fund 2000 meeting, free trade talks and the European Union summit meeting.

From the Paper
"To understand media coverage of the protest or antiwar movement that coalesced in early against the Iraqi War requires an understanding of the growing interconnectedness between the mass ..."

Tags:media, iraq war 2003, peace movement, social movements, antiwar movement

Abstract
The paper discusses and provides a broad definition of "hippieism", its culture and values. The paper describes the origin of this rebel generation movement of hippie culture, the music that evolved from the group, the participation in drugs and the accompanying lifestyle, free love, antiwar sentiments and the emergence of the green peace movement. The paper further notes that antiwar protests and civil rights marches and demonstrations in favor of the gay and lesbian communities were prominent in this community. The paper highlights that although the hippie culture started in America, it spread world wide taking many of its features from Eastern cultures. The paper concludes that in spite of its excesses, the hippie movement transformed American social values, especially among the youth.

From the Paper
"Although the hippie movement was mainly an American phenomenon, it infected the entire world's social and creative arts scenes. Hippie culture also borrowed heavily from Eastern cultures for imagery and ideology. Eastern philosophies including Buddhism, Hinduism, and Taoism influenced the development of the open-minded and tolerant hippie worldview. Pop culture icons like the Beatles helped popularize Eastern philosophy and practices like meditation and yoga, which became relatively well-known during the hippie generation. In fact, the hippie generation spawned the widespread interest in New Age spirituality that emerged at least one decade later. Alongside interest in Eastern spirituality, hippies also cultivated appreciation for indigenous arts and crafts including those from Native American cultures."

Tags:culture, icons, spirituality, counterculture, generation

Abstract
This paper reviews this book, which tells the story of Dick Gregory, who worked his way up from poverty to become a very popular comedian, eventually more politically active and aware and turned activist in the Civil Rights Movement, the antiwar movement, and various efforts to assure human rights. He also became a nutritionist and a promoter of healthy diet. The book tells part of this man's story in a first-hand manner and so introduces the reader to an important leader in the black community.

From the Paper
"Actually, this book is not merely a continuation of Gregory's story after his earlier biographical writings but retells much of his life story, suggesting the link between the activist he became and the life he led before that time. As a comedian, Gregory was also an activist, using his position as comedian to talk about race and so to reach a wide audience--including a growing white audience--with his message. This part of his story shows what can be done even under adverse circumstances by the committed individual with an ability to communicate with others. Gregory was often more interested in activism than comedy but knew that comedy was a way to communicate. A performance at the Playboy Club before an audience of largely Southerners showed how he could use comedy to defuse a difficult situation and also set him up for the success to follow."

Tags:civil, rights, black, leader, comedian

Abstract
This paper examines the "new journalism" of Tom Wolfe in The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test, and discusses its roots in the Beat movement of the late 1950s, as well as in the Existentialism of post-WWII Europe. Wolfe's writing style changes throughout the book in order to give the reader a sense of the progression from the Beat movement, through the antiwar protests of the mid-'60s, into the psychedelia of San Francisco that launched the Grateful Dead's career.

Abstract
The paper shows that Lincoln's actions during the Civil War towards agitators against the government may not have been completely justified. If one were to examine the arbitrary arrests, and temporary closure of antiwar press, it is seen how Lincoln was able to curb dissent that may have gotten out of hand. It discusses that if his actions were solely to protect the people's liberty as a whole, by punishing a few opponents, Lincoln was just assuring his victory. It shows how Lincoln was bombarded by "Peace Democrats" that were purposely pressuring him by, "resisting the laws of embarrassing in every way the action of the Government, of communicating information to the rebels in arms, and in many cases inflicting serious damage on the lives and property of the Unionists". The paper uses sources such as Kunhardt, Mark Neely Jr., John Nicolay and John Hay.

From the Paper
"So when Lincoln suspended the writ of Habeas corpus in order to arrest those accused of treason, the "Peace Democrats" had more ammunition against the president. There was much controversy as to whether the president had the power to suspend habaes corpus, and it was argued that only Congress had that right. The writ of habeas corpus protects people from arbitrary arrest and detainment. The power to do so was both that of the legislative branch as well as the judicial branch. It was unclear whether the Philadelphia convention placed it in Article I, just to identify it or define it as a legislative function. Either way, Lincoln did so, and the suspension of the writ of Habeas corpus brought on thousands of arbitrary arrests. Many of those who were arrested were spies, foreigners and smugglers. The question is: Did Lincoln go too far and unlawfully exercise his executive powers to manipulate constitutional limits?"

Tags:constitutional, copperheads, liberties, liberty, vallandigham

Abstract
Discusses involvement of the U.S. Causes and consequences of the Vietnam War on American society. American policy dictated by Cold War considerations. Analyzes the divisive and corrosive effects on American society. Antiwar movement. Decreasing public support for the war. History of Indochina. Early U.S. invovement. Escalation of the war. Outcome.

From the Paper
"VIETNAM WAR U.S. INVOLVEMENT CAUSES AND CONSEQUENCES

This research paper discusses and analyzes the reasons why the United States became involved in the Vietnam War and the consequences of that war on American society then and later.
From the late 1940s and until the fall of Saigon in 1975 American policy toward Vietnam was dictated by Cold War considerations --i.e. the imperative need as perceived by the American national security establishment to contain communist expansion in French Indochina, and, after 1954, to prevent a communist takeover in South Vietnam. The United States moved from indirect to direct involvement in combat operations in Vietnam in the mid-1960s because the administration of Lyndon Johnson concluded that the South Vietnamese Government was incapable of defending itself.

The Vietnam War had significantly debilitating, divisive and ..."