Abstract
This fifteen page undergraduate paper examines war crimes and crimes against humanity, which are universally condemned as the most extreme violations of fundamental human rights. The writer notes that tragically, history has proven that atrocities and genocide are rarely prevented, for the international community is usually incapable of taking action, unwilling to intervene, or unaware of the scope of the crimes. Further, the writer points out that just as tragically, the infamy of war crimes and crimes against humanity is compounded by the fact that the perpetrators usually escape justice. In order to analyze why this is the case and assess what this demonstrates about the nature of international governance, the writer explains that it is necessary to acknowledge the inherent conflict between international law and state sovereignty, for independent laws and policies often prevent effective prosecution.

From the Paper
"War crimes and crimes against humanity are universally condemned as the most extreme violations of fundamental human rights. Tragically, history has proven that atrocities and genocide are rarely prevented, for the international community is usually incapable of taking action, unwilling to intervene, or unaware of the scope of the crimes. Just as tragically, the infamy of war crimes and crimes against humanity is compounded by the fact that the perpetrators usually escape justice."

Tags:war, crimes, issues

Abstract
The following paper briefly outlines how humanity can survive global warming despite its obvious dangers to human beings. Most notably, the paper looks at how human beings contribute to climate change and thus are uniquely qualified among all the Earth's creatures to reverse the destructive trends that are taking place. In a related vein, the paper looks at how climate change threatens human life and the existence of other organisms residing on the planet. The author concludes that although we are at a pivotal moment in history - we can overcome the problems of today with a clear plan for tomorrow.

From the Paper
"To begin with, Gore's text emphasizes the vulnerability of the Earth upon which we live. Specifically, the Earth's atmosphere is notoriously thin - like a thin coat of varnish spread out over a classroom globe, As Carl Sagan once said (Gore, 22) - and that makes it extraordinarily vulnerable to cosmic forces and to anything humankind might inflict upon it. In particular, Gore argues that human industry is "thickening" the vulnerable atmosphere with carbon dioxide gases that are simply not permitting infrared radiation to escape out into the universe. As a result, the temperature on the Earth's surface is rising steadily, threatening the delicate equilibrium that has allowed human life (and other forms of life) to flourish for so long (Gore, 26-27). The question, then, of whether or not human beings can survive in spite of themselves seems fairly clear; to wit, if we can negatively affect the composition of the atmosphere with our huge manufacturing industries, then we can also positively change the composition of that same atmosphere by embracing environmentally-friendly practices. Seen in that light, human beings really can survive global warming insofar as it lies within our power to change atmospheric conditions for the better."

Tags:manufacturing, respiratory, less-developed, emissions

Abstract
This paper explains how in the final fantastical voyage in Gulliver's Travels, Gulliver encounters a race of highly intelligent horses whose extreme rationality seduces the protagonist. It explains how Gulliver's increasing hatred for humanity becomes a dark vehicle for Swift's thorough satire of human nature.

From the Paper
"The Houyhnhnms embody Enlightenment ideals, as they are led by reason over emotion and essentially devoid of passion. However, the horses nevertheless exhibit prejudice in their treatment of the Yahoos and of Gulliver. The Houyhnhnms represent qualities that human beings often blindly strive toward, and Swift shows that pure reason is not necessarily superior to the nuances of human emotion. Gulliver perceives the Yahoos through the Houyhnhnms' eyes, as horrible brutes. Because of their resemblance to human beings in physical and psychological makeup, Gulliver begins to despise humanity. Swift thus presents a paradox: Gulliver's perception of human beings is in many ways correct. However, his sweeping generalizations of human nature results in unproductive behavior. For instance, he refuses to be rescued by the kind Portuguese sailor. After being forced to return to England, he isolates himself from his family and retreats into his own world."

Tags:Houyhnhnms, yahoo

Abstract
This paper presents a discussion of the challenges between humanity and technology. The paper examines how modern medical technology has affected mankind. The controversial issue of whether human cloning is ethical, is discussed. The paper also explores what the major causes and effects of air pollution are.

From the Paper
"Technology is one's use of intelligence to create items and methods to improve one's environment. Technology is a central element of our humanity. Technology has changed our society and way of thinking. Human's selection of technology has been adapted as way of life and ethics have changed. We use technology to manage our society. Communication is improved through technology. With technology, we can make additional and enhanced products."

Tags:air, cloning, ethical, moral, pollution

Abstract
The paper discusses how both Byron and Wordsworth are poets who exemplify the Romantic imagination in their art and in their personal responses to the philosophical and literary problems of their time. The paper explores how nature and civilization are the two opposing and pivotal points in the Romantic oeuvre, with both poets seeing nature as the antithesis of a decadent and "fallen" civilization. The paper concludes that, while Wordsworth sees nature and the imagination as a means to transcend the mundane world, Byron sees transcendence and "mystical vision" as yet another form of artistic escapism.

From the Paper
"Much of Byron's attitude towards the decadence of civilization can be gleaned from Don Juan. The central theme of this work and others such as The Island, is nature versus civilization. Through the central characters of this work Byron shows "...the rottenness of the social system to which they belong. They will wreck Juan with their scheming, contriving, and cross interests, and then, herding together hypocritically, they will expel him with all the blame concentrated upon him. "(Boyd, 1945, p. 69)"

Tags:transfigured, reason, science, humanity, reality, mundane, majestic, intellect

Abstract
This paper explains that the human collective shadow is traits, which represent the collective experience of people's alter egos or darker sides that become the collective cultural shadow. The author points out that the archetypal, which is the antithesis of the collective shadow, is the way in which the collective culture tends to perceive itself without being aware of the dark shadow. The paper describes the archetypal of Western culture and the ways it has changed over time.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Collective Shadow
The Archetype

From the Paper
"It is from these unrealistic archetypal images that, during the 1960s, the darker shadow side of American culture began to clash with. The result was the counter cultural revolution of the 1960s, wherein young people went to seemingly great extremes to look and behave opposite the archetypal image, which soon became known as "the establishment." At a point in American history, during the years of the Vietnam Conflict, it would have served Americans well to have found a way to blend the archetypal with the new; but that did not occur. "

Tags:psychopathic, alter egos, disenfranchised patriarchal, counter cultural revolution

Abstract
This paper provides a discussion and analysis of Nick Adams as the antithesis of the modern man in the 20th century, preferring to isolate himself from society and commune with nature instead. The paper posits that, through Nick Adams, Hemingway tries to convey to his readers the importance of getting back to the true essence of humanity by communing with nature.

From the Paper
"Ernest Hemingway, acclaimed American novelist and short story writer, have established his niche in the world of literature by creating literary works that center on the interaction between nature and human society. Apart from his famous novels "For Whom the Bell Tolls" and "The Old man and the Sea", Hemingway is also known for his series of short story works featuring the fictional character, Nick Adams."

Tags:alter, ego, writer, free, soul, communes, isolation, interaction, materialist, modern

Abstract
This paper explains that "The Book of Amos" from the Old Testament Bible is a prophecy warning of the doom of the people who have reached an ultimate state of corruption and moral decadence. The author of the paper points out that, to interpret the overall message of the prophecy, it is essential to look first at the literary style and the specific rhetorical strategies employed by the author. The paper then describes the prophecy, which contains an accusation, a threat for punishment and doom and a final allusion to a future harmonious state in which the ones who escape the doom will live happily following God's ways once again.

From the Paper
"Moreover, the economical and political realities are also relevant. Wolff identifies this set of political and economical realities as a form of early capitalism, in which almost all the forms of political corruption were present: bribery, violence, injustice, social inequality and so on: "The converse of this development was social upheaval. The rich became richer while the poor became poorer. Such early capitalism quickly led to expropriation of the holdings of the smaller landowners. The ancient Israelite land rights were superseded by Canaanite practice."

Tags:antithesis humanity, cultic speech forms, judgment hope

Abstract
This paper compares and contrasts the utopian visions of the Marquis of Condorcet and Karl Marx. The writer explains that they both present philosophies of history that are framed by "progress". However, Condorcet presents a linear vision of progress, whereas Marx bases his on the subtleties of the Hegelian dialectic. Condorcet believes that through the acquisition of knowledge man overcomes his rude beginnings, and thus begins to transcend himself. Marx, on the other hand, does not believe that human nature improves; only that the material conditions change, and that this change is according to material laws directed towards material progress. Both uphold determinism, and yet contradict themselves by projecting fervent ideology.

From the Paper
"The intensity of the belief in progress held by the French philosophers hinted at a religion. Therefore it is not surprising that the movement culminated into the religion of Comtism, or Positivism, when Auguste Comte formalized the worship of rationalism and progress, with rituals and formal practices aping organized religion and matching it in intensity. Enthusiasm was the hallmark of the French philosophers, and they were religiously assiduous in the task of compiling knowledge and promoting the virtues of reason."

Tags:perfectibility, antithesis, synthesis, enlightenment, German, idealism, Voltaire, revolution

Abstract
The paper attempts to show that Feuerbach's conception of religion amounts to an argument for atheism. It starts by explicating the metaphysics of Hegel, in which God is posited as the universal spirit contemplating itself and looks at how Feuerbach complains that Hegel's emphasis is on thought and abstraction. The paper goes on to show how Feuerbach's ideas help us to appreciate some crucial aspects of religion and theology and how applies the same abstract constructs on feeling as Hegel does on thought. The paper also argues that even though Feuerbach represents an improvement on Hegel, he does not explain away God, religion and theology as mere constructs of the human imagination.

From the Paper
"As a prelude to Feuerbach's analysis it is necessary to recap on Hegel's phenomenology of spirit. Hegel imagines an all encompassing universal spirit expressing itself through thought, and this progresses along the stages of objectification, alienation, and reconciliation (Taylor 202). In the first stage there is an objectification of the material world, which is synonymous to "creation". Pure thought necessarily creates objects for thought, and in the process gives rise to finitude, because material objects are necessarily finite. When pure thought is contemplating itself it describes infinity, which is the very nature of the universal spirit. Therefore, through objectification the pure spirit begets its negation. This is described as alienation. That which began as infinite and perfect has given rise to that which is finite and imperfect. There is an inherent tension between these two states, and this tension gives rise to the propensity for reconciliation. "

Tags:God, antithesis, Christianity, objectification, negation, reconciliation