Abstract
This paper examines how in "Medieval Stereotypes and Modern Antisemitism", Robert Chazan addresses the complexities of modern antisemitism within a broader historical context. It looks at how he notes in his introduction, that critical analyses of antisemitism and anti Judaism in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries confidently rooted these prejudices within the complex political and religious relations of medieval Christian Europe. However the Nazi Holocaust of the twentieth century compelled a radical revision of these earlier assumptions with many commentators arguing that modern antisemitism must be dissociated from the anti Judaism of medieval Europe.

From the Paper
"In Medieval Stereotypes and Modern Antisemitism Robert Chazan addresses the complexities of modern antisemitism within a broader historical context. As he notes in his introduction, critical analyses of antisemitism and anti-Judaism in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries had confidently rooted these prejudices within the complex political and religious relations of medieval Christian Europe. However, the Nazi Holocaust of the twentieth century compelled a radical revision of these earlier assumptions, with many commentators arguing that modern antisemitism must be dissociated from the anti-Judaism of medieval Europe (Chazan ix-x). "

Tags:jews, antisemitism, stereotype

Abstract
This paper provides a discussion of antisemitism in American academia. Shifting ideologies towards Jews after World War I and after World War II are examined with respect to the practice of keeping Jewish scholars from full professorships in the interwar years to the successful assimilation of them in academia post-WWII.

From the Paper
"Antisemitism is defined in the U.S. Department of State's Report on Global Anti-Semitism as hatred toward Jews-individually and as a group-that can be attributed to the Jewish religion and/or ethnicity. Edward Flannery maintains there are four types of antisemitism; political and economic, theological and religious, nationalistic and racial. Commonly spelled as anti-Semitism it is now customary for Jewish scholars to refer to the concept as antisemitism. The view of Yehuda Bauer is similar to many when he maintains; "Antisemitism...""

Tags:education, Clark College, Yale, Harvard, racism, nationalistic antisemitism, German American Bund, holocaust, GI Bill, discrimination

Abstract
This paper looks at this book which provides an in-depth study of anti-Antisemitism through the ages. It shows how the essential idea of anti-Antisemitism was the same at different periods in history but its style and form changed. It shows how at some stages it was based on religious reasons, others on economic reasons while some times simply on fear of the "other." It also looks at the most recent type of anti-Antisemitism in the form of anti-Zionism.

From the Paper
"Part One of this book is entitled "From the Cross to the Swastika." This section begins in antiquity with the roots of anti-Antisemitism beginning in Hellenistic times in Greece and later in ancient Rome. The Jewish Diaspora in the Hellenistic world is described as the Jewish persistence at maintaining their own monotheistic faith, keeping dietary restrictions in accordance with that faith, their disassociation with Gentiles and their contention that the Jewish faith was made up of God's chosen ones (Wistrich, 4). Greek literature includes passages that express anti-Semitic attitudes against the exclusivity that the Jews themselves created. The reaction of the Hellenistic people was that the Jewish people's wish to remain separate from their culture was best translated into an expression of "hatred of the gods" (Wistrich, 5)."

Tags:nazi, church, islam, judaism, jewish

Abstract
The purpose of this research is to examine theories of how and why the Holocaust, or the mass murder of the civilian population of Jews (about six million) and non-Jewish civilians targeted for extinction by the Nazi regime (perhaps another six million) could have been perpetrated and supported by ordinary human beings as much as by the official state apparatus of programmatic evil.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine theories of how and why the Holocaust, or the mass murder of the civilian population of Jews (about six million) and non-Jewish civilians targeted for extinction by the Nazi regime (perhaps another six million) could have been perpetrated and supported by ordinary human beings as much as by the official state apparatus of programmatic evil. The plan of the research will be to set forth the explanations offered by Christopher R. Browning in Ordinary Men and Daniel Jonah Goldhagen in Ordinary Men and Hitler's Willing Executioners, respectively, and then to discuss which of the arguments make the most compelling case and whether and to what extent each argument suggests ways of interpreting the human condition and the prospect of future genocides.
As both Browning and Goldhagen argue, and as the evidence of the ..."

Abstract
This paper describes the origins and struggles of the Jewish people, culminating in the establishment of the state of Israel in British mandate Palestine. First, the paper gives a general overview of the Jewish religion, focusing on its similarities and differences with Christianity. It further explores how the Jews are not a race or religion but see themselves as a nation with a common history and destiny. Various historic incidents are described which lead up to the founding of the modern state of Israel. These include the experience of Antisemitism in Europe with particular emphasis on the Holocaust. The paper also gives historical background of the British presence in Palestine and illegal immigration by Jews prior to and following World War II. The paper concludes by citing how despite centuries of persecution and dispersion, the Jewish people are still a strong nation.

Outline:
Introduction
The British Mandate
Where the Jewish People Came From
The Holocaust
How Humor Fostered Community
Changes to Judaism
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The Jews of today were originally called Hebrews. Now they are almost always called Jewish. Even if someone does not practice the religion and never has, if their mother is Jewish, they are considered Jewish. The religion of their father is irrelevant. They will always be Jewish in the eyes of other Jewish people. People who are not born Jewish can also convert to Judaism, but they must go through the conversion process correctly. They cannot just attend all of the services and observe all of the holidays and be considered Jewish by other Jewish people. It is a very close-knit group of people who share many things in common, and it has been this way always. It is part of what helped the Jewish people make it through some very trying times in their history and stay together as a collective unit."

Tags:Hitler, antisemitism, Zionism, holocaust, Israel, illegal immigration

Abstract
This paper connects the various topics pertaining to the modernization of Europe in the fifteenth century. It begins with the Black Death and progresses to other topics such as the printing press, the Renaissance, the power of the church, the creation of Municipal Liberties and antisemitism.

From the Paper
"Spain entered an era of prosperity that provided enough wealth to fund Columbus' desire to try sailing to the Indies from the west. 70 days later, on October 12th, 1492, Columbus reached what is now an island in the Bahamas, named San Salvador. While he didn't really find much more than a little gold and some coconuts, his exaggerated report to the queen gave rise to future funding and interest in the Indies, thus beginning American colonization. The economic plans of Europe were completely revolutionized in the wake of the excitement over the Americas. Important trading ports now moved bit by bit away from Europe and began to include those discovered by those early expansionists. However, it was not all good news. The Spanish and other European colonizers were brutal to the Native Americans, and not too long after came in import of African slaves, which would bring about dreadful consequences in the centuries to come."

Tags:columbus, european, judaism, slavery

Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to take an in-depth look at Mel Gibson's movie, "The Passion of Christ," about the crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth. The paper focuses on the debate that has accompanied the movie. This debate involves whether Gibson's movie was a work of art that made the spiritual message of the crucifixion of Christ come alive for viewers or whether it was an overly violent movie that promoted antisemitism. The debate is examined from several angles. These include examining reviews of the movie as well as discussing it in relation to religious studies, history, philosophy, art and violence in film.

From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper is to take an in-depth look at Mel Gibson's movie "The Passion of Christ" about the crucifixion of Jesus of Nazareth. The paper focuses on the debate that has accompanied the movie. This debate involves whether Gibson's movie was a work of art that made the spiritual message of the crucifixion of Christ come alive for viewers, or whether it was an overly violent movie that promoted anti-Semitism. The debate..."

Tags:crucifixion, of, Christ, Movie, Mel, Gibson, The Passion of Christ.

Abstract
This paper reviews and discusses the Holocaust, the systematic murder of six million Jews. According to the paper, the Nazis were obsessive record keepers and the holocaust is therefore the most well documented genocide in the history of mankind. It looks at the nature of anti-Semitism and Hitler's rise to power, his use of the Jews as scapegoats, his belief in eugenics and a super-race. It also discusses the concentration camps and how the world stood by and failed to help the Jews.

Outline:
What is Antisemitism?
Hitler's Rise to Power
Nazi Concentration Camps
Why Didn't Anyone Help Them?
Conclusion - Hitler's Legacy

From the Paper
"Those who could work, mostly men, were sent the other way and "processed" into the camp. They were stripped naked, all their belongings confiscated, and shaved from head to toe, given worn-out rags to wear and shoes that did not fit. There were no blankets, mattresses, pillows, or heat in the dormitory "beds" (like wooden boxes) where they slept six to a bed. They were systematically starved and used for slave labor. After a whole day of heavy labor, "dinner" was a bowl of cabbage "soup," mostly water, and sometimes a slice of bread. They mustered twice a day to be counted, often standing for hours on end without adequate clothing in the winter. Those who became unable to work went to the gas chamber. During epidemics the bodies piled up in heaps like garbage, and vicious dogs, trained to hate the prisoners, guarded the camps. (Frankl, 1997)."

Tags:nazi, stripped, naked, german, food, yellow, Star, of, David, super-race, Mein, Kampf

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the Nazi antisemitic movie called "Jud Suss" which was aired in the 1940's in Germany. The question is asked whether the director Veit Harlan should have been held responsible for subsequent antisemitic actions which took place after people saw the movie. An analysis of the strength of propaganda.

From the Paper
"The real Suss was born in 1692 in Heidelberg, and he came to Wurttemberg, where he gained a large amount of power in the financial sector, lending a large amount of money to the Duke of the town, Duke Karl Alexander. For various reasons he was hanged in February 1738. Based upon these events, a novelist called Feuchtwanger wrote a story, which was far from being anti-Semitic and in fact sympathized with Suss. This story was banned by the Nazis in 1933, along with many of his other books. Then the Nazi version of the tale was decided to be made into film, with Harlan directing it, and it depicted events very different from the original, had extra characters added for effect, and used anti-Semitic stereotypes of Jews with long beards and shabby clothing, so as to win over the audience to the anti-Semitic message. An example of an added character was that of classic Aryan looking Dorthea Sturm, daughter of an important incorruptible townsperson. In the film she was depicted as innocent and one of the many victims of Suss. According to Hull (1969), she was not based either on the real story or that of Feuchtwanger. This conflicts with the Nazi's claim to its audiences that it was historically authentic and real."

Tags:anti, film, history, jud, nazi, propaganda, semitism, soviet, suss

Abstract
This paper illustrates how Geoffrey Chaucer ingeniously criticizes the Roman Catholic Church and advocates religious reform by accrediting his opinions to the characters in "The Prioress' Tale," "The Friar's Tale," "The Parson's Tale," and "The Clerk's Tale" through an elaborate system of various degrees of perception, which allowed Chaucer greater literary freedom. Specific biblical references are also used to support the thesis.

From the Paper
"Chaucer's veiled criticism of the Roman Catholic Church and support for religious reform through his characters allows him more leeway than he would otherwise have. The intricate filter system allows Chaucer greater literary freedom due to the ambiguity generated as to where each thought originates. Despite this anonymity, Chaucer appears to have taken the advise of the Parson to repent, when he later retracts having written about "worldly vanities." Chaucer's Retraction, which concludes "The Canterbury Tales," adds another level of complexity through which the reader must filter his work: is Chaucer truly repentant or is his Retraction just another device used to mislead?"

Tags:bible, biblical, catholic, critique, filter, literary, middle, ages, antisemitism, jews, christian