Abstract
This paper examines how anti-semitism has been the subject of much analysis and debate, probably because of its persistent, at times pervasive, presence throughout the history of the Western world, peaking in the horror of the Holocaust. It looks at how the origins of Christian anti-semitism stem from the prevailing attitudes towards Jews in the pagan world. It also discusses how the causes and severity of anti-semitism in the Christian world has in itself been varied through history, standing at the intersection of history, sociology, economics, political science, religion, and psychology.

From the Paper
"Though Christian anti-Semitism may have been fueled by many other extraneous factors, the core is still attributed to its religious origins, and to that extent, this may well suggest historical antecedents in the pagan world with the Christian condemnation of Jews for the crucifixion of Christ and their continued rejection of Christ as the "Messiah." However, a number of studies and scholars now hold the view that the theological origins for anti-Semitism did not originate in the pagan world but occurred with the displacement of the Judaism meaning of "Messiah" with Christ, the appropriation of which sowed the seeds of the later interpreted anti-Judaism teachings of the New Testament and the Church (Ruether 1974)."

Tags:messiah, pagans, new, testament, church

Abstract
The paper discusses how World War I was named the war to end all wars, although of course, history tells of another reality. In this paper, the state of economy, the era's social issues, the political climate after WWI and the technological advancements are discussed as they relate to the time of publication of the novel "All Quiet on the Western Front". The paper looks at the novel turned film "All Quiet on the Western Front" that is the first major anti-war film of the sound era. ("All Quiet On the Western Front [1930])."

From the Paper
"World War I was named the war to end all wars. Of course, history tells of another reality. In this paper, the state of economy, the era's social issues, the political climate after WWI and the technological advancements will be discussed as they relate to the time of publication of the novel "All Quiet on the Western Front". The novel soon turned into a film. "All Quiet on the Western Front" is the first major anti-war film of the sound era" ("All Quiet On the Western Front (1930))." World War I did change Western attitudes about war as history shows. It is this change in attitude that a theme of common humanity brings together..."

Tags:political, social, economy

Abstract
This paper argues that, while pro-Jewish sympathies, historical misunderstandings, and cultural bias have contributed to and continue to contribute to anti-Arab stereotypes, the real cause for the negative stereotypes lies in the Arab world's failure to address Western public opinion through a well-organized public relations campaign similar to the Jewish and Israeli campaigns.

From the Paper
"The media play an important role in shaping the "worldview" of individuals. As stressed by the psychologist and rabbi Michael Lerner and the professor of Jewish history, David Biale, a "worldview" refers to the way that people see the whole world, define relationships and view other people. This media role is also emphasized by James M. Wall in "Media Bias," indicating that the media have enormous power to shape opinion, outlooks, beliefs, values and standards of judgment. Consequently, the importance of media honesty and objectivity cannot ever be emphasized sufficiently, as media bias and dishonest reporting leads to the creation of "worldviews" that are based on lies, not facts."

Tags:stereotyped, people, exaggerations, image, palestinians, islam, moslems, fanatics

Abstract
This paper discusses how the line between nationalistic and anti-nationalistic themes is often blurred in J.M. Synge's "Playboy of the Western World" and Sean O'Casey's "Juno and the Paycock" and how both plays propose a very different approach to the Irish nationalist cause. The paper also looks at how both plays were written at a time when Irish people were evaluating themselves and how they were questioning their faith, loyalty and their ability to win their revolution and, in the case of "Juno", if they actually won. The paper also examines how this struggle and the consistent deliberation of ideas, which are accurately embraced, in the sometimes-skewed nationalistic messages are found in both pieces.

From the Paper
"It is necessary to understand that at the times both plays were set in, there was extreme violence throughout Ireland. Playboy was set during the Land War, a time when troops both British and Irish were everywhere. In Juno, there is still much violence in Dublin, whether from the IRA or from the English, it didn't matter. Ireland was beginning to deal with its questionable independence and wounds from the urban war were just starting to heal however, at the cost of great poverty and lack of employment. Both plays demonstrate a sense of sympathy for this reconstructing Ireland. "

Tags:Nationalism, ireland, england, struggle

Abstract
The area that is known as the Arab World contains some of the oldest civilizations in the history of the world, despite the fact that it is now underdeveloped. This paper discusses Arab contributions to Western knowledge, civilization, and sciences, analyzing popular ignorance of these contributions in light of anti-Arab stereotypes.

From the Paper
"The Quran, as such, is a book of knowledge that stresses the need for education and gives it a place of special importance. In fact, it is possible to say that the Quran is an educational guide and not only a religious one. It refers to and discusses almost all educational and intellectual subjects, such as history, astronomy, science, medicine, biology. Furthermore, the style and language of the Quran, provided Arabs with an appreciation and understanding of poetry."

Tags:Quran, Mohammed, Islam

Abstract
This paper considers governmental regulations on the rights of smokers and restaurant and bar owners. It further explores the roots of individual and property rights as well as the roots of smoking in western culture. Finally, the paper discusses the changing public awareness of the dangers of smoking and the harmful effects of environmental tobacco smoke.

From the Paper
"This paper shall explore the effects of governmental regulations on the rights of the individual's rights of smokers and restaurant and bar owners. It explores the roots of individual and property rights as well as the roots of smoking in western culture and the changing public awareness of the dangers of smoking and the harmful effects of environmental tobacco smoke. Case law that explores the application of smoking bans will be review, as well as studies of the effects of smoking in public health forums, and the economic effects of bans on restaurants and bars. Finally, conclusions and recommendations of how this issue should be pursued in the..."

Tags:smoking, restaurants, bars

From the Paper
"While it is true on a grand scale that the First World War revealed great divisions in European and world history in social, economic, cultural, intellectual and political terms, it is also true that the war served as a bridge of sorts bringing all sorts of different people and forces together, sometimes for the better and sometimes for the worse. Erich Maria Remarque's novel All Quiet on the Western Front is just that --- a novel --- and is therefore not meant to be a chronicle of the larger changes in society which the war wrought. Remarque deals primarily with individual human beings and small group relationships as they are affected by the war. The novel is first and foremost a declaration of the horror of war, and in its anti-war posture it is saying that whatever the differences among men and cultures and societies, those differences do not excuse or rationalize the..."

Abstract
The paper explores why Stalin hated the Jews during his rule and shows how his anti-semitism was a reflection of his overall scheme to remake a homogenous Russia. The paper discusses how there were extreme shifts in Stalin's policy with regard to anti-Semitism, but his overall actions were based upon political and ideological needs specific to the context. The paper explains that his particular fear of Jews was as a result of their success in the world, just as it was feared by most of the Western world and played out in many examples of anti-Semitic policy.

From the Paper
"The era of Stalin's dominance in Russia is often marked with covert actions, as many of his actions were guised in secrecy, yet many years of open regard for the history of his bloody reign have offered many ideas about the nature of his political thought as it played out upon the population of Russia and in particular Russian nationalism. One issue that has been regarded as particularly interesting is the depletion of Russian Jews and their organizations, which in retrospect demonstrates a similar character to that of the Nazi genocide of the Jews during WWII."

Tags:Lenin, nationalism, Zionism

Abstract
"This study will examine three works' treatment of the common theme of searching for meaning in life under harrowing circumstances. The three works are Erich Maria Remarque's anti-war novel All Quiet on the Western Front, Charles Dickens's Hard Times, and Jurek Becker's Jacob the Liar.

From the Paper
"This study will examine three works' treatment of the common theme of searching for meaning in life under harrowing circumstances. The three works are Erich Maria Remarque's anti-war novel All Quiet on the Western Front, Charles Dickens's Hard Times, and Jurek Becker's Jacob the Liar. The novels deal with various aspects of European history which portray the rise of forces of dehumanization which occurred in the 19th and 20th century (through World War II). Remarque deals with world war and its impact on individual human beings.

Dickens' novel deals with social and economic forces which lead to the dehumanization of workers and children. Becker's novel deals with the dehumanization of victims of a second world war, and specifically with a victim of the Nazi concentration camps which were a central horror in that war. Each of the books also deals with the ..."

Abstract
This paper looks at the techniques used in Harriet Beecher Stowe's novel, "Uncle Tom's Cabin", and Remarque's novel, "All Quiet on the Western Front", to protest the social conditions they were writing about. Both authors use the language and the metaphors of their time to help emphasize their point. Stowe also used narration, commentary, and poetry to make her anti-slavery statement, whereas Remarque relied heavily on graphic depictions to make his anti-war statement. To help determine the effectiveness of the novels' social protest, the paper compares the two novels to David Halberstam's journalistic account of the Vietnam War.

From the Paper
"There is a single problem common to Uncle Tom's Cabin and All Quiet on the Western Front, despite the works' having been created in different centuries on different continents and nominally about different subjects. The single, common problem is this: the valuation of one group of human beings by another, with that valuation coming in lower for the group being valued."

Tags:world, war, 1, western, europe, the, best, and, the, brightest, slavery, poison, gases, battlefields, trenches