Abstract
The paper asserts that the problem of violence is a central one for all concerned with gender relations, and in particular, male violence against women is commonplace in every society as no effective strategy has ever been found to eliminate it. The paper notes that in the interim, many strategies have been found to reduce the levels of this violence, or to mitigate its consequences. This paper compares some of these strategies.

From the Paper
"* Violence against women is systemic, stemming from the way in which the state structures the entire system. This is a global problem and little has changed for the better. * It is necessary to recognize the overlap of many different oppressions, such as racism and sexism. * Many feminist movements begin by helping women with the problems of their daily lives. * It is helpful for feminist groups to align with broader movements,..."

Tags:violence, strategies, feminism

Abstract
In the film Relax it's Just Sex, (Castallenata, 1998), gay character Vincey stuns the audience by his reactions to a gay bashing. He is in the process of being terrified, beaten and humiliated by gay-bashers, when he is rescued by his friends. Instead of running away, Vincey uses the presence of his friends to empower himself, and then brutally rapes one of his attackers as his friends watch in horror.

From the Paper
An Anti-Violence Strategy Part 1: An Anti-Violence Strategy In the film Relax it's Just Sex, (Castallenata, 1998), gay character Vincey stuns the audience by his reactions to a gay bashing. He is in the process of being terrified, beaten and humiliated by gay-bashers, when he is rescued by his friends. Instead of running away, Vincey uses the presence of his friends to empower himself, and then brutally rapes one of his attackers as his friends watch in horror. Thus, in a very surprising twist on the usual theme of "poor homosexual is beaten up" (as in Torch Song Trilogy, for example), Vincey fights back against violence, and he

Tags:women, studies, violence

Abstract
This paper explains that domestic violence, when it includes not just the drug alcohol but also other mind-altering drugs, can be extremely vicious. The author points out that one of the most frequent and verifiable links to understanding DV is the cultural dynamics of individuals in the low-income bracket where violence is used as a strategy in conflict. The paper explores Sweden?s anti-violence, alcohol-intervention campaign, which entails training in responsible beverage service for bartenders, enforcement of existing alcohol laws in bars, promotional posters in beverage retail stores, and a massive media campaign, as a model for the U.S.

Table of Contents
Statement of the Problem
Introduction / Thesis
Alcohol/Drug-related Family Violence Does Not Occur in a Social Vacuum
Present Realities and Statistics
What Does Alcohol Actually Do to the Individual and to the Brain?
Victim Treatment, Possible Solutions and Remedies
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The fundamental difficulty with respect to studying DV, Jewkes asserts, is that "evidence for causation of intimate partner violence is weak, when assessed with epidemiological criteria" [since] diseases usually have a biological basis and occur within a social context, but intimate partner violence is entirely a product of its social context." And, Jewkes adds, DV is often a "feature of sexual relationships or thwarted sexual relationships" Alcohol, she concludes, is a contributor to intimate violence by both reducing inhibitions, and providing "social space" for "punishment"."

Tags:health, police, low-income, unemployment, epidemiology

Abstract
The paper looks at three steps school officials across America can take to reduce schoolyard violence; community involvement in taking preventive steps; teachers and school officials looking for the early warning signs of anti-social behavior; and a toughening-up of existing US laws so that juveniles who are considering violence as the answer - and the parents who allow them to slip deeper and deeper into anti-social behavior - will think twice, or forgo the idea completely. The paper shows how gun violence can best be resolved through a multi-pronged approach.

From the Paper
"Gun violence is a terrifying reality in America's contemporary school system - and there is no reason to believe that it will become less of a problem in the years just ahead. With that in mind, the following paper will look at three steps school officials across America can take to reduce schoolyard violence of this sort: community involvement in taking preventive steps; teachers and school officials looking for the early warning signs of anti-social behavior; and a toughening-up of existing US laws so that juveniles who are considering violence as the answer - and the parents who allow them to slip deeper and deeper into anti-social..."

Tags:gun, violence, schools

Abstract
This research offers a critical approach to different anti-terrorism measures, that are or were used by democratic states in the 20th century. The author provides a descriptive approach based on the existing academic literature on terrorism and democratic states.

Table Of Contents


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Abstract and Acknowledgments p. i
Table Of Contents p. ii
Introduction: Describing Terrorism In Function Of Its Finality p. 1
Anti -Terrorism Measures: An Overview p. 7
Proactive, Reactive And Preemptive Measures p. 8
Specific Anti-Terrorism Measures p. 11
Legal Measures: Emergency Or Exception Legislation p. 11
Definition Of New Penal Offenses p. 11
Creation Of State Security Or Anti-Terrorism Courts p. 12
Extension Of Law Enforcement Powers p. 13
Critical Comments On Legislative Anti-Terrorism Measures p. 14
Security Measures p. 16
Target Hardening p. 16
Anti-Terrorism Intelligence p. 17
Involvement Of The Military p. 20
Conclusion: Lessons Learned p. 25
The Need For A Good Definition p. 27
The Illusion Of A No-Compromise Policy p. 28
Law Enforcement And Intelligence Services Should Concentrate On The Financing Of Terrorism p. 29
Accepting A Certain Level Of Terrorism p. 30
Addendum: In Terms Of European Security p. 31
Bibliography p. 33

From the Paper
"The problem of defining terrorism is probably the most difficult tasks facing students of terrorism. I are therefore hesitant to add to the considerable volume that has been written on this specific subject. This first section will briefly discuss several definitional aspects of the social phenomenon we call terrorism. Interestingly, the first time the term terrorism was used, it referred to state-terrorism or terrorism from above. The regime of the Jacobins, between March 1793 and July 1794 received the qualification of "system regime de la terreur", referring to the many executions that occurred during the French Revolution. The term implied an organized system of coercion, based on fear and violence. However, with exception maybe of the two latter elements, it can easily be said that terrorism has no such specific meaning today. The term is used and abused quite frequently, for political and ideological purposes alike. A variety of situations and actions are labeled terrorist. Yet another considerable problem is the fact that a majority of terrorism definitions have been designed in the specific purpose of fitting a particular ideology."

Tags:law, politics, terrorism, fight, terror, violence, war

Abstract
This paper summarizes and analyzes the reasons Ruth Ruether's book, "Faith and Fratricide: The Theological Roots of Anti-Semitism" ,provides for the ongoing and pervasive anti-semitism in societies throughout the world. The paper offers a positive review of the book and of Ruether's ability to explain the anti-semitism that has arisen again and again in Christian communities.

From the Paper
"It is probably a good thing that this book was written by a scholar who is known, overall, to be sympathetic to Christianity because if it were not the work of such a scholar it might well come off as something of a hatchet job. Ruether is not interested in apologizing for the often (at best) Machiavellian actions of early church leaders but nor is she interested in tarring everyone equally. Her case against individuals is made carefully, with a fine attention given to building up each case deliberatively and with due attention paid to the ways in which evidence from such a long time ago must be assessed."

Tags:christian, leaders, congregation, jewish, religious, violence, jews, demonize, evil, holocaust

Abstract
This paper defines violence and mental disorders and discusses the correlation between the two. It discusses whether people suffering from mental disorders have a predisposition to violence and if there is a higher rate of violence in mental disorder patients than the general population. The paper examines the contemporary view of mentally ill patients and whether or not mental illness is a contributor to violence in the society.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
Defining Violence and Mental Disorders
Classification of Mental Disorders
Categories of Mental Disorders
Relationship between Mental Disorder and Violence
Conclusion

From the Paper
"From the various studies conducted in attempting to determine the link between mental disorders and violence, it is concluded that severe mental disorders do not independently predict violence, but these findings challenge perceptions that mental illness is a leading cause of violence in the general population. People with mental illness, however, do report violence more often, mostly because they show other factors associated with violence. Consequently, determining the link between violence and mental disorder requires consideration of its association with other variables, such as substance abuse, environmental stressors and a history of violence."

Tags:psychotic, anti-social, attack, crime

Abstract
The paper focuses on the evolution of punk and its mutation into the more politically charged anarcho-punk movement and explores the violent side of the extreme left - both as an international force and in particular in Switzerland. The paper then discusses the Bern-based Antifa Switzerland group and explores the motivations of the Black Bloc anarchists. The paper highlights the use of violence in the anti-fascist movement and the connection between today's violent anarcho-punks with the ideals of the original punk movement. Several photographs are included with the paper.

Outline:
Introduction
Punk's First Wave
Punk Arrives in Switzerland
Switzerland, Anarcho-Punk, and Post-war Politics in the 21st Century
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The media, however, interpreted the punks' image, music, and reckless behavior as a real threat to the status quo. This culminated in December of 1976 when the Sex Pistols and members of the Bromley Contingent appeared on the Bill Grundy television show in England. At the time of this momentous event, punk was still in its early stages. The public-at-large had little way of knowing about punk at the time. What they saw was a group of extravagantly dressed young people, visibly intoxicated, who took relish in using offensive words and insulting the host of the program in a manner that went way beyond the accepted morals of the time. The Bill Grundy episode would spiral the fledgling youth subculture into the wider cultural spotlight. At that point, punk was no longer a tiny subculture, but a mass media spectacle that would shock the conservative British public and inspire similar-minded youth all over the world."

Tags:punk, anti-fascist, movement, violent

Abstract
This paper discusses the effects of the increasing amount of sex and violence that is portrayed in the media. It discusses sex and violence on television, in films and in music and video games. The paper especially focuses on the long-term effects of exposure to media sex and violence at a young age. It shows how this exposure has led to undesirable social consequences.

From the Paper
"Other physical and psychological problems that video games incur include obsessive, addictive behavior, dehumanization of the player, desensitizing of feelings, personality changes, hyperactivity, learning disorders, premature maturing of children, psychomotor disorders, health problems due to a lack of exercise and tendonitis, development of anti-social behavior, loss of free thinking, etc. (Setzer). One major problem is that none of these problems are systematically or empirically proven or disproved. Very few scientific studies have been conducted in the aim of displaying the negative psychological effects of video games. It is hard to for one to argue these points because the lack of scientific backup hinders the claim. Just as any other topic of discussion, the most persuasive and meaningful method of argument is providing scientific backup to your claim. Setzer hopes that the knowledge concerning this he has passed on may help lead to further research done so that it may help in solving future problems concerning the violence in video games."

Tags:desensitizing, addiction, tendonitis, anti-social

Abstract
The paper argues that we see graphic violence every day in television news, and we go to the movies to be "scared" with slasher movies, ghost stories and all sorts of mayhem, but the audience KNOWS this is all make-believe. The paper contends that gangsta rap, on the other hand, has seen violence erupt because of the lyrics which have caused anti-social behavior, a crime spree, even the killing of a policeman in Texas. The paper asserts that rap also seems to be anti-feminist and anti-society but it is popular more among white males than blacks.

From the Paper
"Graphic violence is seen by millions everyday on television newscasts. For many years, audiences have flocked to movies like "Halloween", "Texas Chain Saw Massacre", the "Freddy Krueger" series, even such "classic" films as "The Wild Bunch" and "Bonnie and Clyde." Video games have kids blasting away, even with parental indulgences. One cannot argue that violence is only a low-brow exercise, since operas have duels, Don Jose stabbing Carmen, Isolde mooning over a poisoned Tristan. However, there is one area that perhaps goes a little too far and causes motivation for people to literally follow the lyrics: rap music."

Tags:gangsta rap, hip hop, misogyny