From the Paper
" Angiogenesis is the process by which new blood vessels are formed. It is highly regulated during embryogenesis, nut neovascularization becomes excessive in pathological states such as arthritis, diabetic retinopathy, atherosclerosis and cancer. Tumors need angiogenesis for growth beyond the size of a few millimeters. This paper will look at the research studies to date using CM101 to inhibit angiogenesis in tumors.

CM101 is a complex bacterial polysaccharide exotoxin (molecular weight 300,000) isolated from culture supernatants of GBS (group B beta-hemolytic streptococcus) , previously described as GBS toxin (2). It is recovered from culture supernatants of GBS3 from infants who died of early onset septicemia. CM101 is associated with the often-fatal inflammation induced in the pulmonary neovasculature of human neonates (3). It is currently.."

Abstract
The paper discusses enediyne antibiotics' potential as an anti-tumor treatment and as an inhibitor of aggressive cancer growth. The paper describes the function and structure of these antibiotics and lists some of the known enediynes and their derivation from microorganisms.

From the Paper
"Enediyne antibiotics have garnered increasing interest from the fields of chemistry, biology, and chemical sciences because of their great potential as an anti-tumor treatment. It has been said that enediyne antibiotics are 1,000 times more potent than adriamycin, one of the most effective and clinically used antitumor antibiotics (Liu and Shen 382). Enediynes have also been demonstrated to inhibit the growth aggressive cancers such as of cervical carcinoma, leukemia, and melanoma (Shao 50). Enediynes are uniquely characterized by their molecular architectures, mechanism of action, as biological activities. Currently, there are three types of enediyne antibiotics: the calicheamicin-esperamicin type; the dynemicin type, and; the chromoprotoein type. The first group includes the calicheamicins, esperamicins, and nanenamicin. The chromoproteins are neocarzinostatin, kedarcidin, C-1027, and maduroprotein."

Tags:cancer, anti-tumor, microorganisms, apoptosis, DNA, cells

Abstract
The paper critically discusses Anti-Individualism and then presents an argument against this epistomology. The paper explains that Anti-Individualism is based on a series of assumptions about the nature of learning and the learner including a relationship between the learner and the material being learned. The paper relates that it supposes at least 2 "orders" of learning including perceptual and self-knowledge.

From the Paper
"Anti-Individualism is philosophy of knowledge that focuses on the nature of knowledge and the relationship between that knowledge and the learner. As described by Tyler Burge, Anti-Individualism emphasizes "basic self-knowledge" or knowledge, which is "self-verifying in an obvious way" (Burge 649). According to Burge there is a distinction between "knowledge of one's thoughts" and the "individuation of one's thoughts" (Burge, 650). Since an individual's thoughts about a physical object are dependent upon that person's relationship with that object this would mean that a person's..."

Tags:knowledge, anti, individualism, burge

Abstract
The paper focuses on the evolution of punk and its mutation into the more politically charged anarcho-punk movement and explores the violent side of the extreme left - both as an international force and in particular in Switzerland. The paper then discusses the Bern-based Antifa Switzerland group and explores the motivations of the Black Bloc anarchists. The paper highlights the use of violence in the anti-fascist movement and the connection between today's violent anarcho-punks with the ideals of the original punk movement. Several photographs are included with the paper.

Outline:
Introduction
Punk's First Wave
Punk Arrives in Switzerland
Switzerland, Anarcho-Punk, and Post-war Politics in the 21st Century
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The media, however, interpreted the punks' image, music, and reckless behavior as a real threat to the status quo. This culminated in December of 1976 when the Sex Pistols and members of the Bromley Contingent appeared on the Bill Grundy television show in England. At the time of this momentous event, punk was still in its early stages. The public-at-large had little way of knowing about punk at the time. What they saw was a group of extravagantly dressed young people, visibly intoxicated, who took relish in using offensive words and insulting the host of the program in a manner that went way beyond the accepted morals of the time. The Bill Grundy episode would spiral the fledgling youth subculture into the wider cultural spotlight. At that point, punk was no longer a tiny subculture, but a mass media spectacle that would shock the conservative British public and inspire similar-minded youth all over the world."

Tags:punk, anti-fascist, movement, violent

Abstract
This paper discusses colonialism and anti-colonial nationalism in India and describes some of the features and processes inherent therein.

From the Paper
"Colonialism and anti-colonial nationalism in India were the result of historical processes that pre-existed. Prior to colonialism Indiafound itself in a state of anarchy, lawlessness and arbitrary despotism, which as Chatterjee points out was a central element in the ideological justification of British colonial rule. The British, from their Western perspective, deemed Indian social customs degenerate and barbaric, a view that prompted them to undertake colonialism as a civilizing mission. (Chatterjee) Abhorring the long list of atrocities perpetrated on Indian..."

Tags:colonialism, anti-colonial, nationalism, India, British

Abstract
This paper contends that the skyrocketing number of prescriptions for anti-depressants recently has caused some to worry that patients, such as rape victims, who could benefit from the addition of medication in their recovery, might not be able to get the much-needed medicine.

From the Paper
"The recent FDA decision regarding SSRI's (Selective Seratonin Reuptake Inhibitors) has caused the medical community to scale down anti-depressant prescriptions in recent months. This project in intended to shed light on the growing problem of over-prescribing anti-depressants and the effects that ultimately could prevent rape survivors from receiving the much needed medications they need for recovery."

Tags:anti, celexa, depressants, neuroreceptors, prescriptions, prozac, seratonin, ssri, survivors, zoloft

Abstract
This paper first relates the history of antibodies from the time of Behring and Kitasato, in 1890, who demonstrated that it is possible to neutralize a fatal dose of the diphtheria toxin, to Milstein and Kohler, in 1975, who produced in-vitro "custom-built" antibodies. The paper then differentiates between polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies and explores the production of monoclonals. The paper concludes by investigating the use of monoclonal antibodies as immnosuppresents, angiogenesis inhibitors and anti-tumor agents and future developments. Two colored illustrations are included in the paper.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
History of Antibodies
Types of Antibody, Their Structure and Effects
Difference between Polyclonal and Monoclonal Antibodies
Production of Monoclonals
Hybridoma
Uses of Monoclonal Antibodies
Immunosuppressive Agents
Angiogenesis Inhibitors
Anti-Tumor Agents
Top 10 Monoclonal Drugs
Future Uses of Monoclonal Antibodies
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Another new technology, which will be used in the future, is antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) technology. ADCs are monoclonal antibodies, which carries potent, cell-killing drugs. Developed by Seattle Genetics, this technology uses antibodies attached to synthetic drugs by linker systems. These linker systems are designed in such a way that they remain stable while passing through the bloodstream, and once inside the target cells, release the required drug. As a result, nearby normal cells are spared and it thus, does not cause any unwanted toxic effects of chemotherapy."

Tags:glycoproteins, immune system, classes, hybrid hybridoma, antibody-drug conjugate

Abstract
This paper discusses the plant known as chive or Allium schoenoprasum L. The paper first discusses the plant's physical characteristics and biological and chemical make-up. The paper then discusses chives in terms of food and flavor and then analyzes its medicinal uses. Finally, the paper looks at the hazards that are associated with chives, including toxicity and allergic reaction.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Physical Characteristics
Distribution (USDA database)
Biology
Cultivation
Chemistry
Food and Flavor
Medicinal Use
Anti-tumor Properties
Anti-oxidative Properties
Allergenic Extracts
Biological Control in Gardens
Environmental Use
Hazards
Toxicity
Allergic Reaction

From the Paper
"Cultivation of chives is relatively easy because the plants are hardy and can grow in a broad range of environmental conditions. They can grow in different kinds of soil, from sandy, to loamy to heavy clay. However, the soil should be moist but well-drained. Chives can grow in a broad range of soil pH from acidic soil, to neutral or and even in highly alkaline soil. They thrive in areas with semi-shade or direct sunlight."
"Bulbs or seeds should be planted in early spring and bulbs should be planted deeply. Bulbs grow in clumps and have to be divided 3 to 4 times a year. Because they are perennial plants and resistant to frost, they can be planted outside and the leaves can be harvested the whole year round."

Tags:soil, bulb, vegetable

Abstract
The paper explores Crohn's disease's pathogenesis, clinical staging and prognosis. The paper looks at current management trends and discusses the most promising medical therapy, which is the use of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists as an immunomodulator. The paper then examines Natalizumab, a monoclonal antibody against a cellular adhesion molecule, anti-interleukin 12 (anti-IL 12) medications, corticosteroids and their role in Crohn's disease, as well as current discoveries about their short and long-term consequences. The paper looks at the association of diet to the prognosis, progression or alleviation of Crohn's disease and concludes by presenting the best management for adult and child patients with this debilitating disease.

Outline:
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Crohn's disease is a chronic relapsing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that affects any part of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus. More often, Crohn's disease is seen in the terminal ileum and colon (Caprilli and Clemente, 2008). As many as 7 newly diagnosed cases per 100,000 people are diagnosed every year, with a prevalence rate of 162 cases per 100,000 people every year (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease [NIDDK], 2005). Along with the other major form of IBD, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease caused 825 deaths in 2002. Of 169,000 patients confined in the hospital, 62% were due to Crohn's disease. People with Crohn's disease suffer from severe diarrhea and abdominal pain, which results from the inflammation of the digestive tract."

Tags:tumor, necrosis, factor, antagonists, immunomodulator, Natalizumab, anti-interleukin, 12, corticosteroids, nutrition

Abstract
This paper begins with a general overview of chemistry to familiarize the reader and describes how chelating ligands form complexes with metal ions. The chelating groups discussed are: Ionophores, British Anti-Lewisite, Cis-dichlorodiammine platinum (II) (Cisplatin?), and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The paper states that Chelation therapy will most likely perfect the removal of tumors without the need for radiation.

From the Paper
"Within the periodic table is found the basic building blocks of life. From the organic atoms like carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) to the in-organics such as sodium (Na), calcium (Ca), and even gold (Au), it has been proven that both are vital to the survival of live. In the mid to late 1800's, two men by the names of Mendeleev and Lothar Meyer began their work on the reoccurrence of certain characteristics of the known elements of the time (ref 1). It was not until some 15 years later that the periodic table, found in most every chemistry book published today, was accumulated into it's easy to read format by Thomsen and Bohr (ref 1). Since then, many more steps have been made in classifying elements, such as metals, non-metals, and metalloids."

Tags:acid, anti, bal, british, chelate, chelating, chemistry, cis, cisplatin, dichlorodiammine, edta, inorganic, ionophores, kelate, lewisite, platinum