Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of missile defense, ie. the idea that a defense missile can be used to shoot down an incoming ballistic missile and how the mere idea of this ability in the past threatened to add fuel to an ongoing arms race between the two then superpowers. It evaluates the Anti Ballistic Missile Treaty (ABM) which was a result of an attempt to add some stability to a very dangerous and unstable Cold War. This paper examines the new challenges to that treaty, challenges which have ultimately left it a remnant of the past and the reasons why President Bush choose to leave the treaty. It attempts to understand the treaty's past, its present situation and the future of American Foreign Policy without its restriction. It analyzes the history and development of missile technology over the tears and the international threat it poses.

From the Paper
"To fully understand the ABM treaty, the issues of the world in which it was made must be taken into account. When Nixon came into the office of the President, the Vietnam War was coming to an end. The goals of the Nixon administration were to decrease America's extent to regional allies and to create stability in the world. The end of the Vietnam War was an example of Nixon's goal to decrease America's protection through non-nuclear assistance to regional allies. Nixon declared that America would provide a nuclear umbrella for her allies but "The primary burden for regional and local defense would lie with the states directly concerned." This policy was a direct result of America's domestic situation at the time."

Tags:bush, nixon, cold, war, iraq, clinton, foreign, policy

Abstract
This paper explains that the prime motive for the Chinese Revolution was to solve the political and economic problems that plagued the Chinese society: feudalism and semi-feudal patterns of relations in agricultural production. The author points out that the success of the Russian Revolution greatly influenced and inspired the anti-imperialist movement and colonial forces across the globe, especially the Indian independence movement. The paper stated that the Second World War is considered to be the bloodiest war in the history of the world.

Table of Contents
Chinese Revolution
Russian Revolution
Indian Independence Movement
World War I and Treaty of Versailles
World War II

From the Paper
"Though the Revolution in Russia, against the autocratic Tsars is supposed to have started in 1905, with the Bloody Sunday, it is in 1917 that revolution gathered momentum with Moscow joining the Revolution following the Petrograd fire. The background of the revolution is described by Trotsky as "The disorganized, compromised, disintegrated government at the top, the army shaken to the depths, the discontent, uncertainty and fear among the ruling classes, deep bitterness in the popular masses, the numerically developed proletariat tempered in the fire of events all this gives us the right to say that we are witnessing the beginning of the second Russian revolution." "

Tags:feudalis, influence, colonial, democracy, turbulent

Abstract
This paper outlines the origins of the American presence in Korea and discusses whether there is still a motivation for the Americans to be there. It looks at how the two Koreas seem closer than ever to signing a peace treaty and perhaps even move towards reunification. It examines how the North Korean threat, especially as a nuclear force, shows that American deployment seems more than justified, if only as a possible threat towards the Northern Korea. It also explores the growing resentment towards Americans by the Korean people and their growing sense of nationalism.

From the Paper
"However, an inspired move by General Douglas Mac Arthur, who ordered an invasion in the North Korean territory, around the city of Inchon, reversed the course of the war and drove the North Koreans all the way back to the Yalu River. This proved to be a mistake, for China, who feared an American invasion of its territory, entered the war against the United Nation armies. Even if Soviet assistance was feared, this was only in the form of some MIG 15s in Chinese colors that helped gain air superiority for the Communists. The Chinese pushed the Allied troops back to the 38th parallel, former border between Communist North Korea and the Southern part of the peninsula."

Tags:north, south, nuclear, communism, race

Abstract
This paper explores the reasons for the Irish Civil War of 1922-1923. While the signing of the Anglo-Irish Treaty in 1921 is widely considered the instigation for the war, this paper examines the underlying tensions in the country. The author investigates three primary factors, which he concludes are the actual causes of war: (1) the nationalist split that had developed within the Irish leadership before World War I; (2) the resignation of President Eamon De Valera and his support for the anti-Treaty position; and (3) the the nature of Irish political culture.

From the Paper
"The nationalist split concerned the basis of the Irish claim for self-determination. Both factions had Irish independence as their goal, yet they differed in their rationale and proposed courses of action. This split pre-dated World War I, but was brought to a crux by the Treaty. One faction claimed national self-determination on the basis of Ireland's equality with other white, English-speaking countries. Rather than focusing on Ireland's uniqueness, this faction emphasized Ireland's similarity to these other countries."

Tags:anti, civil, collins, de, eamon, history, ireland, irish, michael, partition, politics, treatyites, valera, war

Abstract
This paper explains that, despite past activities, a new United Nations-led global anti-terror regime is desperately needed to play a pivotal role in forging a new identity for the U.N. and to serve as a stronghold of global collective anti-terrorism. The author points out that some of the problems are related to the United Nations' bureaucracy, its dependency on donations from member countries, and the political nature of the U.N. The paper concludes that the United Nations is an important pillar of the modern world, whose continued existence has become far more critical than ever before; therefore, the role of United Nations is going to be more challenging and critical in enforcing the international justice systems, especially in the area of terrorism.

From the Paper
"The Security Council has created a Counter-Terrorism Committee, which is charged with monitoring the implementation of the international justice. In this respect, United Nations expressed deep concern with terrorism, arguing that terrorists represented a serious threat to international peace and to individual. The resolution also called the Counter-Terrorism Committee to promote sophisticated approaches to addressing their efforts to eliminate the affliction of international terrorism."

Tags:counter, identity, bureaucracy, dependency, enforcement

Abstract
This paper discusses the chronology of various peace treaties and disarmament agreements between the United States and Russia. It looks at issues surrounding what transpired after the Vietnam war in terms of anti-nuclear protests which later led to nuclear weaponry reduction by the super powers. The aftermath of the atomic bombings in Hiroshima and Nagasaki left many dead, disfigured, and exposed to radiation, thus propelling the movement towards peace.

From the Paper
"Ever since the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in 1945 the world community has pressed for nuclear disarmament as many people have recognized that the use of nuclear weapons was/is not only immoral, but also genocidal (Allied, 2002). Arms control in the 21st century is a hot topic, particularly in light of the recent and ongoing terrorist threats. Over the past few years there has been great success in terms of arms control setting the precedence for the continued prevention against nuclear weaponry and has resulted in the indefinite extension of the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). The enormous stockpiles of nuclear weapons have built up over the past fifty years, thus posing as a serious threat to security in the post Cold-War world (Mishra, 2000). After the Cold War ended, disintegration of the Soviet Union led to the United States stepping..."

Tags:disarmament, control, peace

Abstract
This paper addresses a number of economic issues, including: globalization, account deficit, similar developed economies, comparative vs competitive advantage, creative destruction, tariffs vs quotas, international specialization, Treaty of Versailles reparations payments, Doha Round, anti dumping procedures.

From the Paper
"Globalization will likely continue to expand in the future because the process is just beginning and still has potential for much more growth. Companies are changing direction to take advantage of globalization and new paradigms of ..."

Tags:globalization, account deficit, similar developed economies, comparative vs competitive advantage, creative destruction, tariffs vs quotas, international specialization, Treaty of Versailles reparations payments, Doha Round, antidumping procedures

Abstract
This paper discusses the evolutionary nature of American sectionalism, starting with the Paris Peace Treaty of 1783 and continuing through the Civil War and beyond.

From the Paper
"Sectionalism between the North and the South during America's Colonial Period continued until after the Civil War, proceeding in an evolutionary fashion. Initially, sectionalism was due primarily to geographic differences as the South had the climate for an agricultural way of life while the North's less accommodating climate demanded an economy based on commerce. The North also had excellent seaports for transoceanic commerce, an advantage that meant that the North tended to receive new technologies from overseas before the South did. Slavery was another facet of sectionalism..."

Tags:sectionalism, expansion, Civil War, U.S., America, slavery, Federalist, Anti-Federalist

Abstract
This paper looks at this law enacted by President Clinton in 1998 in support of the treaty signed at the World Intellectual Property Organization at Geneva in 1996. The paper explains who is affected by the act, who is exempted, and the law's objective. The paper also examines the case of eBay and how it has been affected by the law as well as how other Internet businesses are managing to circumvent the Act's provisions.

From the Paper
"Some of the provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act are as follows: It is considered a crime to circumvent the copyright or anti-piracy measures that are built into all commercial software of today. The fact that software can be illegally copied and distributed by a set of people who can actually crack the codes that protect this software is also dealt with. Those persons who manufacture or sell or copy and distribute these codes will be severely punished. However, in certain cases, like for example, when software has to be assessed or tested for the extent of security offered by the codes, or to conduct encryption research, cracking the code is legally allowed. Likewise, certain sets of people are allowed to circumvent copyright and anti-piracy laws. These people may be academicians, or be in charge of a free library, or run an educational institution. (The Digital Millennium Copyright Act) "

Tags:entertainment, software, industry, service, providers, provide, information, anti-piracy

Abstract
The paper attempts to show how the Nazi party's propaganda in the 1920s was of utmost importance to the party in conveying the Nazi ideology to the German people to build a wide support base. The paper discusses how the Nazi party manipulated the growing resentment toward the Versailles treaty and the Weimar government through propaganda. The paper includes four posters in color that highlight the ingenuity of Goebells and describes Leni Riefenstahl's successful propaganda film "Triumph of the Will".

From the Paper
"The rise of Hitler and the Nazi party was due to a number of factors. An important contributing factor was propaganda. Propaganda was instrumental in projecting Nazi ideals; strong anti-Semitism and anti-Communist beliefs, glorifying the Aryan race, and the Fuhrer, Hitler. It also conveyed the ideas of German nationalism and the superiority of the German race, which were essential in Nazi ideology. Propaganda was important throughout the Nazi's campaign before and after they gained power in 1933. The party itself had a portfolio primarily concerned with propaganda (the ministry for Public enlightenment and propaganda), headed by Dr Joseph Goebbels arguably the best-educated Nazi leader . The Nazis' propaganda was as diverse as it was inventive. They reinvigorated old mediums such as radio by releasing and affordable radio dubbed the Volksempfanger, so anyone could listen to Nazi propaganda but also adopted new mediums, such as film most famously for "triumph of the will" by Leni Riefenstahl. The nazi party applied these mediums to fit certain situations such as bringing down the Weimar republic and in elections."

Tags:Versailles, Weimar, ideology, nationalism, Aryans, anti-semitism