Abstract
While many northern states were actively against slavery, they were against the American Anti-Slavery Society. Three specific reasons that northerners opposed the American Anti-Slavery Society was they did not believe slaves or women should have equal rights with white males; they wanted slaves sent back to Africa, and they believed that slaves would threaten their own economic well-being.

From the Paper
Unpopularity of the American Anti-slavery Society "The number of slaves is now estimated at about three millions, forming nearly one sixth of the population of the United States" (Estlin 4). What could happen if all three million slaves were set free or given equal rights to white people? The question for many northerners was not based on whether slavery was right, but how to handle free slaves, such as giving equal rights to slaves. One of the groups formed with the goal of emancipating the slaves and giving them equal rights was the American Anti-slavery Society, but this group was not popular with many of the northern states. Racism was the basic reason that Northerners were against

Tags:slavery, equality, northerners

Abstract
This paper analyzes whether the American anti-slavery movement should be considered as being independent of the general change in thinking of the average man during that period. The paper also discusses the views of Jean Jacques Rousseau and his impact on the abolition of slavery in the USA.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Analysis
History
Who Came First - Blacks Or White?
Plantation Economics And Removal Of Slavery
Abolitionism
Some Examples Of Anti-Slavery Movements
The General Attitude Of The Whites To Blacks And Slavery
Philosophy and Practice
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The concept of Rousseau of a natural man as a symbol of pre-civilized innocence and seeing him as an untutored savage is difficult to understand. This was also not taken as a look at other cultures, as the innocent savage of Rousseau is a part of the European mentality and not a person from the other unknown nations of Africa and America. There have also been other images similar to it like the famous cartoon by James Gillray which showed some unknowns enjoying a meal of dismembered aristocrats. (19th century AD)"

Tags:Africa, America, civil, rights

Abstract
This paper provides a biographical review of three Southern slaves: Moses Grandy, Solomon Northrup, and Henry Bibb. The biographies are based on slave narratives, which describe the brutality and inhumanity of the conditions under which slaves in the South were forced to exist. A brief discussion about the historical context of slave narratives and anti-slavery movements precedes the biographical reviews.

From the Paper
"The effects of slavery included a major role in the economic development of the United States. Black slaves helped to clear the American wilderness and build important canals, railroads, and roads. The cotton which slaves picked became the nation's most valuable, and therefore important, export. The income from cotton paid for a major share of American imports, and the westward expansion of slavery during the early and mid-1800's had important political effects. "Northerners feared that the South would gain control of Congress if Western territories entered the Union as slave states. Attempts by the North to exclude slavery from these territories angered the South and helped bring on the American Civil War (1861-1865)" (Davis 1999:3). Slavery had a variety of effects on slaves and owners. It broke the spirit of many blacks but made many others vow to resist it. Slavery caused fear and hate between most owners and slaves. The following narratives provide a glimpse into the miserable and dehumanizing qualities of the day- to-day lives of slaves in the Old South."

Tags:abolition, abolitionist, cotton, king, narratives, old, slave, south, dixie, union

Abstract
This paper explains that New Jersey was typical of states in the North that were not wholeheartedly anti-slavery, and yet had many activists who were bitterly opposed to slavery. The author points out that, in the 17th century, slaves were brought into New Netherland (New Jersey) from Jamaica, Barbados, Curacao, and Antigua. The slave population continued to grow, and in the 1790s, several "gradual emancipation" bills were voted down in the New Jersey legislature, albeit "popular opinion and party newspapers cautiously shifted" towards an anti-slavery position. The paper concludes that, after the end of legal slavery and for a century after the Civil War, there were still vestiges of the "paternalistic cottager system" in which African-Americans worked for whites on isolated farms, reflecting the continued bitterness of the Civil War.

Table of Contents
Introduction
New Jersey History of Slavery
The Civil War and New Jersey

From the Paper
"After the war, despite the heroism that many black soldiers displayed in defeating the South, "New Jersey's white population remained hostile" to the idea of giving blacks full citizen rights (p. 194). The author, in his Epilogue, explains why it was not easy to rid New Jersey of slavery notwithstanding federal law that demanded the end of slavery: he writes that slavery in Monmouth was not a "fad" which could be easily "forgotten," but to the contrary, it was "a custom two centuries in the making" (p. 203)."

Tags:rights, activists, white, soldiers, emancipation

Abstract
The paper relates that the issue of slavery was a key factor in the events leading up to the Civil War; in fact, a case can be made that it was the issue which instigated the advent of the Civil War (though Lincoln's election surely did not help matters). The paper discusses five key ways in which slavery shaped and animated the lead-up to the civil war: the economic reasons why the south could not bear to part with slavery; the nettlesome issue of states' rights versus federal rights against the backdrop of a looming battle over slavery; the heightened tensions over what to do about the status of new states to the growing American union (should they, in other words, be slave-holding or otherwise?); the sharp moral and philosophical differences between the north and south vis-a-vis slavery (they were, literally, two warring factions enclosed in the same house); and the fears aroused in the south by the ascension to the presidency of Abraham Lincoln, a man who seemed to embody the anti-slavery prejudice of the north and who seemed sure to lobby for its ultimate demise. In the end, the paper concludes that slavery was the one thing that drove America towards Civil War - and the one issue of the day that permeated into every facet of human endeavour and interaction during the middle-nineteenth century.

From the Paper
'The issue of slavery was a key factor in the events leading up to the Civil War; in fact, a case can be made that it was the issue which instigated the advent of the Civil War (though Lincoln's election surely did not help matters). Over the next several pages, I will discuss five key ways in which slavery shaped and animated the lead-up to the civil war: the economic reasons why the south could not bear to part with slavery; the nettlesome issue of states' rights versus federal rights against the backdrop of a looming battle over slavery; the heightened tensions over what to do about the status of new states to the growing American union..."

Tags:united, states, war

Abstract
This paper discusses ideas presented by the anti-slavery activist, Frederick Douglass, who wrote in active defense against Southern voices who defended slavery, like William Harper in "A Defense of Slavery" and Solon Robinson in "Blessings of Slavery". These writers saw it fit that inferior slaves work in bondage without a care for their own freedom. The paper examines how Southern slaveholders during the 19th century defended slavery by reasons of political, economic, moral, and social justification. Douglass's writings stressed the human, emotional, and moral costs of slavery.

From the Paper
"According to conventional wisdom today, 'everyone' knows that slavery is wrong, a human atrocity. But what seems obvious to us today as a moral and inhuman atrocity was not nearly so obvious to the eyes of individuals living in the Southern United States of 19th century America. In fact, anti-slavery activists such as Frederick Douglass had to write in active defense against Southern voices who would defend slavery, like William Harper and Solon Robinson, who saw it fit that inferior slaves work in bondage without a care for his or her own freedom. Robinson said that there would be nothing worse for slaves in America to be free, because they could not cope with freedom-a charge dismissed by Douglass' attempts to learn to read and write, and Stowe's depiction of Uncle Tom."

Tags:frederick, douglass, stowe, harper, robinson

Abstract
The writer explains that the novel "Beloved" is an anti-slavery novel. The paper shows the Civil War is the defining historical event of the mid-nineteenth century in America, and explains this using examples from the novel. The writer describes how Morrison uses actual historical detail to emphasize the horrors of slavery, and its after-effects, such as violence. In conclusion, the writer states that this novel shows the despicable and unforgettable evils of slavery.

From the Paper
"Toni Morrison's use of historical fact emphasizes the horrors of slavery. The title of her novel is, however, Beloved, and so it is appropriate that an examination of the novel focus not only on the historical issues of slavery and Reconstruction, but also that the role of love be examined. Roland Barthes' A Lover's Discourse is particularly helpful in this regard. Much of what Barthes theorizes can be applied to the novel. In the chapter "Remembrance," for example, Barthes writes of the remembering "in order to be unhappy/happy - not in order to understand" (217). Such is the case with Sethe and Paul D, as well. Their "rememory," as the process is known in Beloved, is not to understand, but to feel. No understanding is possible of slavery, since the evil of slavery is beyond comprehension. Remembrance is, however, of the utmost importance, and that is why the dead child come back to life, Beloved, is so eager to hear stories from Sethe. She wishes to learn what others have remembered. And collective memory ensures that what once happened will not happen again, the "Nie wieder!" of post-World War II Europe. Memory is so important because of "the historical reality that slave culture was based on an oral society" (Bracks 62). Even in Reconstruction America, many blacks were illiterate."

Tags:black, race, sethe, denver, ohio, kentucky, klan, civil, war, abolitionist, emancipation

Abstract
This paper explains that one of the literary vehicles used by the anti-slavery movement was the narrative, written by slaves and former slaves, who described the brutality and inhumanity involved in the institution of slavery. However, it is clear from a reading Equiano's "Interesting Narrative" and Jacob's "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl" that these perspectives differed according to a slave's gender and position. The author points out that, unlike his female counterpart, Harriet Jacobs, Equiano was in a much better position to prosecute any advantages that came his way by virtue of being a male with skills in a day and age where such attributes were recognized and valued, even in slaves. The paper concludes that both of these slave narratives speak to the brutal hardships and dehumanization that occurred, but Equiano's is from the perspective of one who willingly participated in the "peculiar institution," while Jacob's is from the perspective of an unwilling participant.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Olaudah Equiano's "The Interesting Narrative"
Harriet Jacob's "Incidents in the Life of a Slave Girl"
Summary and Conclusion

From the Paper
"Time and again, Jacobs points to individuals' incidents in which her white owners took special pains to ensure that the blacks were acutely aware of their lowly status, and the whole slavery mentality only served to bring out the worst in everyone involved. For instance, in Chapter 8 of Jacobs' "Incidents of a Slave Girl", the author writes, "Some poor creatures have been so brutalized by the lash that they will sneak out of the way to give their masters free access to their wives and daughters. Do you think this proves the black man to belong to an inferior order of beings? What would you be, if you had been born and brought up a slave, with generations of slaves for ancestors?" In Chapter 4, Jacobs describes the mentality of the day when she writes of the escape and capture of Benjamin."

Tags:antislavery, brutality, gender, advantages, unwilling

From the Paper
"Introduction
Slavery was called the "peculiar institution," and it was stoutly defended by those who benefited from it, the white plantation owners in the South, just as is was vehemently opposed by abolitionists in both North and South who saw it as an evil. Slavery was a business for some, an economic necessity for others, and for those enslaved, a way of life from which they could only rarely escape. The image of the abolitionist has been of white Northerners who formed societies and agitated for change, serving a swell as part of the underground railroad to free slaves. However, there were also black abolitionists who played a prominent and important role, and African American leaders among the freed slave population served a particular role in that they had been victims of slavery and were now able to..."

Abstract
This paper focuses on how the Southern plantation owners perceived themselves as being a form of American aristocracy. Also, this paper investigates the concept of the "peculiar institution" of slavery and how the slaves were conditioned to accept the mindset that this concept promoted: The "peculiar institution" of slavery is explored in respect to the evidence which suggests that the slaves were not entirely subject to the conditions that the "peculiar institution" imposed on their lifestyles.