Abstract
The paper begins by examining the main causes of WWII, with a focus on Adolph Hitler and Germany's role as the major aggressor in the conflict. It examines Hitler's philosophies, his anti-Semitic sentiments and his bid to establish the Third Reich. The paper then provides a time-line of events which began with Germany's invasion of Poland in 1939 and ended with the landing of Allied troops in North France on June 6th, 1944 and the dropping of the atom bomb in 1945 which forced Japan into surrendering. The paper concludes with the results of the war and a graph showing the percentage of deaths in each country involved in the war.

From the Paper
"Despite these advances, the summer of 1942 was the worst time period of the war for the Allies. Axis forces were conquering Egypt, penetrated the Caucasus and launched a giant offensive against Stalingrad and sinking Allied shipping fleets and an accelerated rate. But the Axis powers couldn't go on for very much longer. Their militaries were showing signs of wear and were getting tired. But the United States and Russia were just gearing up to fight with their huge reserves. Though the war had been going very badly for the Allied powers up to this point, the turning point came when Britain leveled the Axis in North Africa in October, 1942. Soon after this, on November 8th, 1942, the US invaded Algeria. The Americans and British were soon joined by the French Free Forces of General de Gaulle, and by the regular French forces that were passed to the Allies after the surrender of Admiral Darlan. (History Channel)"

Tags:World, War, II, Pearl, Harbor, Stalingrad, Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Axis, Allied, ww2

Abstract
This paper underscores the difficult task of understanding the German memory formations post WWII because they deviated from German historical, political and cultural traditions. Next, the author analyzes three sources, which reveal that the denial and lack of recognition surrounding the anti-Semitic foundations of Nazi ideology have yet to be resolved into the various memories and interpretations of participating nations in World War II. The paper concludes that these sources indicate that the absence of German responsibility, blame and guilt in these memories formed after World War II suggests the immediate need for social cohesion and political legitimization.

From the Paper
"The universal declaration of Nazi responsibility of the Second World War as well as the conclusion of denazification formed the official version of history, according to Tony Judt in "The Past is Another Country: Myth and Memory in Post-War Europe". The division of Germany resulted in the reconstruction of the West and a communist unification in the East. The desire for nations to form a cohesive nation and legitimate governmental authority facilitated distorted and nationalist memories to perpetuate and antisemitism remained a low priority."

Tags:falsehood denazification, collective blame, anti-fascist restorations

Abstract
This paper studies the actions and decisions of the Vichy government in France during World War II. The author of this paper asserts that French anti-Semitism -- particularly toward non-French Jews -- rivaled even that of the Nazi's. The paper chronicles specific decisions, including deportation orders, against children and the elderly, in particular. The author also looks at cultural and societal anti-Semitism, as manifested in posters/advertisements and public demonstrations.

From the Paper
"Three episodes involving Jewish children are remembered: The first and largest was the roundup at the Velodrome d'Hiver, where more than 4,000 Jewish children were arrested and kept in this cycling venue of the Paris region. "It was carried out exclusively by the French police in the summer of 1942. "None of the thousands of children deported following these police raids survived." The second was a roundup of Jews in Lyon, headed by the now infamous Klaus Barbie. They took 44 Jewish children, all of which were murdered. The third episode was the raiding of Jewish Children's homes in the Paris area. This happened shortly before the liberation of Paris. 250 children were seized, deported and murdered, only weeks before Paris was freed."

Tags:French, children, deportation, Nazi, Germany, concentration, camps, genocide

Abstract
This paper demonstrates the success of the Nazi's anti-Jewish propaganda in the 1930's.The author examines the effect of the German policies and how these impacted the developments of the Holocaust.

From the Paper
" Because the German people accepted the anti-Semitic policies, they could be carried out. The enforcement of these laws eventually led to what is now known as the Holocaust. By killing the German Jews the way he did, Hitler was one step closer to creating the Aryan nation he had envisioned. The National Socialists said that for a government to be successful, it had to promote the well being of its race, including removing any factors that might disrupt this. The Aryan people were the race of Nazi German; the Jews were a threat to them. Hitler removed them from the equation. By 1939, he had been an effective leader in creating a successful National Socialist State."

Tags:hitler, holocaust, ii, nazi, war, world, Jews, policies

Abstract
In this article, an analysis of the reasons behind the growing incidence of anti-Semitism and violence against Jews in France and throughout Europe is provided. The writer explains contemporary and historical causes of the phenomenon.

From the Paper
".... incidents of anti-Semitism prompting Justice Minister Dominique Perben to promise enforcement efforts would become even firmer, while also promising more dissuasive judicial response. The rising incidence of anti-Semitism in France against its Jews has seen many immigrate to Israel despite government assurances. There are several reasons why Jews across Western Europe have become increasingly subjected to anti-Semitism. These reasons relate to contemporary political realities in the Middle East, the U.S. and Europe

Tags:Ariel Sharon, Jacques Chirac, Vichy government, World War II, Nazis, racism, prejudice, Holocaust, Auschwitz, Muslims, Arabs, Israelis

Abstract
This paper strongly confronts the recent theories of Holocaust denial by discussing the anti-Semitic history of Europe and giving the statistics proving the number of Jews erased following World War II in Europe. First, the paper examines the philosophical influences of Adolph Hitler. Then, the actual suffering of the Jews during the Holocaust is detailed, from the death camps to those who were used for human experiments. Other sources of proof regarding the Holocaust are analyzed, such as "Anne Frank's Diary," photographs and famous speeches made by Nazi officials. The author concludes that there is considerable evidence indicating the truth behind the Holocaust and that claims made by deniers are based on their own anti-Semitism and have no historical or factual evidence corroborating them.

From the Paper
"Those who lived were used as subjects for human experiments. The most notorious of these physicians was Dr. Josef Mengele, who worked in Auschwitz. His experiments included placing subjects in pressure chambers, testing drugs on them, freezing them, attempting to change eye color by injecting chemicals into children's eyes and various amputations and other brutal surgeries (The Holocaust Chronicles: A History in Words and Pictures). One of Mengele's infamous experiments included working with twins. He sewed a pair of four year old twins together, back to front like Siamese twins and left them like that. Their wounds were infected and oozing pus. They screamed day and night till their parents finally managed to get their hands on some morphine and killed their own children in order to put them out of their misery (The world must know: The history of the Holocaust as told in the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum). Death was a fate far better than what those who lived at Auschwitz endured."

Tags:genocide, death camps, Shoah, Auschwitz, World War II, Holocaust denial

Abstract
This paper explains that, following the debacle of the Catholic Church's relationship to the Jewish people during World War II, the main source of the dramatic changes in this relationship was the Second Vatican Council, the twenty-first ecumenical meeting held from 1962 to 1965 called by Pope John XXIII. The author points out that the most pivotal parts of the Vatican Council were (1) the ecumenical movement to find common bonds by remembering spiritually the ties with the people of "the New Covenant to Abraham's stock" and (2) the focusing on the status of the Jewish people in relation to the crucifixion of Jesus Christ in which the Catholic Church redeemed itself of the conflicts associated with the Jewish people. The paper concludes that the achievements of Vatican II brought about great changes in the relationship between the Catholic Church and the Jewish people, all due to efforts of Popes John XXIII and Paul VI. Quotations.

From the Paper
"Of course, Pope John XXIII's call for this ecumenical council was quite unusual, for it was only designated during times of great crisis in the church. The last Vatican Council had occurred in 1869, but this new council, at least in the eyes of many Catholics, was uncalled for, due to most not recognizing the urgent need for reform. But John XXIII clearly knew that such a council was required, for he recognized that the church was facing new problems as a result of World War II. He also understood that the church was no longer an institution wholly based in Europe but a worldwide entity, composed of diverse cultures from all areas of the globe. Thus, by convening this new council, the pope made it possible for discussions between Catholics and non-Catholics and created much-needed unity which, in the end, would help the church and its leaders to better understand and appreciate the vast cultural differences within the global community."

Tags:hitler, john, paul, bonds, crucifixion

Abstract
The European Union and several other countries in Europe have passed legislation making it illegal to deny the Holocaust. In fact, one prominent historian (known as an anti-Semite) was imprisoned in Austria a couple of years ago. There is no Fiorst amendment in Europe, of course, which would grant anyone the right to speak his mind (or prove he didn't have a clear view of events). But, this may simply be a measure of atonement for World War II atrocities by the Nazis and their sympathizers.

From the Paper
"WHAT DO YOU MEAN- IT NEVER HAPPENED? GUILTY!" We have heard some people believing some strange things. Much has been made of Mel Gibson's father in Australia being one of those who deny the Holocaust ever happened. A female panelist on ABC-TV's "The View" actually is not sure the Earth is NOT flat. And, several Republican presidential candidates, when asked during a televised debate, stated they believe in Creationism, rather than Evolution. It is one thing to have these strange beliefs, especially about the Holocaust in the 1930s and 1940s. It is quite something else to be found guilty because a law forbids such strange theories.

Tags:holocaust, david, irving

Abstract
This paper discusses how, at a time when the American government refused to open immigration up to the fleeing European Jews, many of the country's most influential men were actively supporting Hitler. It looks at how American anti-Semitism at the time dominated everything from government agencies to Olympic athletics. It attempts to show how the government of a country, which hosted a network of powerful, anti-Semitic men, would fail to change its own anti-Semitic ways by looking at the some CEOs and major politicians involved with the U.S. side of the German Nazi movement.

From the Paper
"The U.S. Government, IBM, Ford Motor Company, colleges and universities, the Catholic Church and the 1936 U.S. Olympic Team all had influential leaders that manipulated power in a way that not only allowed the Holocaust, but also supported it. Without these men and other Americans, the scale of Hitler's final solution would not have been possible. Because of personal beliefs and actions, powerful organizations played influential roles in the United States, but often what they were doing was contrary to the pro-Allied and pro-Jew stance America was believed to have taken. These men and their organizations sometimes remained neutral to Hitler, but were more often actively supporting his final solution."

Tags:hitler, nazi, movemrnt, government, olympic, team, ford, business

Abstract
This paper supports Browning's thesis that the despicable behavior of Hitler and his allies towards another race, as seen in World War II, is no aberration, but is rather entirely possible and even probable in other places and times. The writer makes reference to Osama Bin Laden and the Taliban comparing the organization to a totalitarian regime.

From the Paper
"Drawing extensively on primary source material, including transcripts of investigations and war crime trials, Browning asks how "ordinary men" could have carried out the horrific acts that are described in his book in such detail. His answer is disturbing, because he avoids facile generalizations that would provide a comfortable psychological distance between "us" and "them."

Tags:scapegoat, Police, Battalion, 101, Nazi, invasion, Poland, murderers, Jews, anti-Semitism, racism