Abstract
This essay argues that Ernest Hemingway's "The Sun Also Rises" is anti-Semitic in terms of its treatment of the character Robert Cohn. Cohn is painted in a negative light and none of the characters like him. Cohn is the anti-hero, yet he has Jewishness intentionally imposed upon him. In this respect, "The Sun Also Rises" involves anti-Semitism.

Tags:anti-semitism, literature

Abstract
This paper discusses the development and history of anti-Semitism, noting that the clear thesis against the Jews has always been their ostensibly foreign, alien, and threatening attributes. The paper specifically addresses the anti-Semetic myths that have developed over time, how the arguments that support these myths manifest themselves, the common negative themes associated with the Jews that are used to support these arguments, and how they adapt to new cultural and social developments. The paper maintains that the basis of anti-Semitism lies on nothing more than myth; no matter how compelling or seemingly plausible anti-Semites arguments may appear, they all originate from the same superstitious and anachronistic source.

From the Paper
"Throughout the course of human history, there has been a consistent tendency in many cultures to blame and vilify ethnic, religious, and cultural minorities through fictitious and irrational, yet popular, beliefs for the purpose provoking civil strife, dissension, and hate-crimes. The use of these irrational and false claims propagates and fuels myths that encourage prejudice and disparagement. The myths are seeds of hatred that can fit many circumstances and be used to make further unfounded claims; untruth begets injustice. The Jewish people have borne an enormous amount of myth-based prejudice and slander going back hundreds of years, prejudices that withstood the developments of the Enlightenment-age and rationalism. In anti-Semitism lies an innate anachronism; anti-Semitism is outdated and medieval in our perceived enlightened and modern times, yet that understanding does little to shed its potency and allure, which continues to hold sway over many people. Rationalism should provide evidence enough for anti-Semitism's absurdity, yet to many it makes no difference. As long as people continue to propagate archaic, anachronistic ideas, then these ideas will hold influence, adapt to and utilize developments of their time - using eugenics to justify anti-Semitism, for example - and spread ignorance and hate. The basis of anti-Semitism lies on nothing more than myth; no matter how compelling or seemingly plausible anti-Semites arguments may appear, they all originate from the same superstitious and anachronistic source. How do these arguments manifest themselves? What are the common negative themes associated with the Jews that are used to support these arguments, and how do they adapt to new cultural, social, and other developments?"

Tags:myth, prejudice, slander, racism, hatred

Abstract
The paper focuses on the evolution of punk and its mutation into the more politically charged anarcho-punk movement and explores the violent side of the extreme left - both as an international force and in particular in Switzerland. The paper then discusses the Bern-based Antifa Switzerland group and explores the motivations of the Black Bloc anarchists. The paper highlights the use of violence in the anti-fascist movement and the connection between today's violent anarcho-punks with the ideals of the original punk movement. Several photographs are included with the paper.

Outline:
Introduction
Punk's First Wave
Punk Arrives in Switzerland
Switzerland, Anarcho-Punk, and Post-war Politics in the 21st Century
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The media, however, interpreted the punks' image, music, and reckless behavior as a real threat to the status quo. This culminated in December of 1976 when the Sex Pistols and members of the Bromley Contingent appeared on the Bill Grundy television show in England. At the time of this momentous event, punk was still in its early stages. The public-at-large had little way of knowing about punk at the time. What they saw was a group of extravagantly dressed young people, visibly intoxicated, who took relish in using offensive words and insulting the host of the program in a manner that went way beyond the accepted morals of the time. The Bill Grundy episode would spiral the fledgling youth subculture into the wider cultural spotlight. At that point, punk was no longer a tiny subculture, but a mass media spectacle that would shock the conservative British public and inspire similar-minded youth all over the world."

Tags:punk, anti-fascist, movement, violent

Abstract
The paper critically discusses Anti-Individualism and then presents an argument against this epistomology. The paper explains that Anti-Individualism is based on a series of assumptions about the nature of learning and the learner including a relationship between the learner and the material being learned. The paper relates that it supposes at least 2 "orders" of learning including perceptual and self-knowledge.

From the Paper
"Anti-Individualism is philosophy of knowledge that focuses on the nature of knowledge and the relationship between that knowledge and the learner. As described by Tyler Burge, Anti-Individualism emphasizes "basic self-knowledge" or knowledge, which is "self-verifying in an obvious way" (Burge 649). According to Burge there is a distinction between "knowledge of one's thoughts" and the "individuation of one's thoughts" (Burge, 650). Since an individual's thoughts about a physical object are dependent upon that person's relationship with that object this would mean that a person's..."

Tags:knowledge, anti, individualism, burge

Abstract
This paper discusses how in terms of ideologies, actions, and goals that exist, or should exist in order for the anti-globalization movement to develop into a successful global social movement, there is general agreement that there must be a greater emphasis on social and political issues such as gender equality, and economic issues such as product music and entertainment product copyright protection. The paper further discusses that these are only two of a multitude of important issues that need to be addressed, but they reflect the anti-globalization movement's fundamental goal of protecting the social, political, and economic rights of individuals, groups, and societies as globalization expands. For example, globalization has presented many challenges and opportunities for the transnational women's movement.

Tags:anti, globalization, issues, analysis

Abstract
This paper discusses colonialism and anti-colonial nationalism in India and describes some of the features and processes inherent therein.

From the Paper
"Colonialism and anti-colonial nationalism in India were the result of historical processes that pre-existed. Prior to colonialism Indiafound itself in a state of anarchy, lawlessness and arbitrary despotism, which as Chatterjee points out was a central element in the ideological justification of British colonial rule. The British, from their Western perspective, deemed Indian social customs degenerate and barbaric, a view that prompted them to undertake colonialism as a civilizing mission. (Chatterjee) Abhorring the long list of atrocities perpetrated on Indian..."

Tags:colonialism, anti-colonial, nationalism, India, British

Abstract
This paper contends that the skyrocketing number of prescriptions for anti-depressants recently has caused some to worry that patients, such as rape victims, who could benefit from the addition of medication in their recovery, might not be able to get the much-needed medicine.

From the Paper
"The recent FDA decision regarding SSRI's (Selective Seratonin Reuptake Inhibitors) has caused the medical community to scale down anti-depressant prescriptions in recent months. This project in intended to shed light on the growing problem of over-prescribing anti-depressants and the effects that ultimately could prevent rape survivors from receiving the much needed medications they need for recovery."

Tags:anti, celexa, depressants, neuroreceptors, prescriptions, prozac, seratonin, ssri, survivors, zoloft

Abstract
This paper is a short chronicle of the Jewish people in what is now known as the Czech Republic, beginning with Jews who were given permission to come to this country in 995. The author explains that this history has been one of vacillation between tolerance and anti-Semitism. These changes are followed through the Crusades and the time after this period, when the Catholic Church had much influence in the region. World War II and the years preceding it are marked as a particularly bad time, owing to Nazi invasion and occupation. Soviet control of the region is covered, as is the present time, with a very small group of Jews enjoying relative freedom.

From the Paper
"When the Crusades began to come to an end, the Catholic Church took control of the regions of Bohemia, Moravia, and Silesia. This Catholic control actually led to an improvement in the daily life of most Jews, mainly because, with the end of the Crusades, there was no longer an emphasis on religious battles and the drive to convert people. However, that did not mean that the Jews were free from persecution. In the late fourteenth and fifteenth century, there was a tremendous revival of anti-Semitism. In 1389, there was a campaign of violence directed against Jews. It was also in the late fourteenth century that the Czech Republic began to spread blood libel. Blood libel refers to false accusations that Jews use human blood, usually the blood of Christian or Muslim children, in their religious rituals or foods. In response to these false rumors, many Jews were burned at the stake."

Tags:historical studies, historical records.anti-semetism tolerance

Abstract
The paper discusses how racism has often been used by the dominant majority groups to exploit and subjugate various ethnic minority groups at different times in human history. The paper examines how the doctrine reached its climax in the 20th century with the rise and fall of Nazism, and the apartheid regime in South Africa. The essay concludes that, although racism at the state level has receded since then, it continues to exist in more subtle forms at both the individual and institutional levels; some government policies in countries around the world can also arguably be termed racist.

Outline:
Origins of Racism & Why it Exists
Current Examples of Continuing Racism
Conclusion
Works Cited

From the Paper
"Theories of race and racism are convenient tools towards this end. When an adversary is identified as belonging to an "inferior" race during an armed conflict, it becomes easier for the self-styled "superior" race to perpetrate seemingly immoral and unethical practices such as occupation of territories by force, looting of wealth and brutal killings--even genocide. ("Racism") For example, painting the Jews as sub-human and belonging to an inferior race (as well as the racist myth of a superior Aryan race) made it easier for the Nazis to unleash their policy of the Holocaust and the final solution for the Jewish "problem.""

Tags:ethnic, cleansing, racial, profiling, discrimination, anti-Semetic

Abstract
This paper offers a history of the critical reception of "The Sun Also Rises." The paper demonstrates how the book has been interpreted since the time of its publication and highlights those critics who made a major contribution to new ways of interpreting it. The paper underscores the fact that critics have looked at "The Sun Also Rises" for decades and many of them have come up with some interesting interpretations that challenge readers to think more deeply about what they have read.

From the Paper
"Many of Hemingway's characters exude masculinity and raw power, and this novel is no exception, as many critics have also noted. These are men who are strong, silent, and often deadly. They are not afraid of death, as their running with the bulls shows. One 1943 review said, "They act like people who have not fully grown up and who lack the self-awareness to realize this; in fact, they possess no desire to grow up" (Farrell 222). This anti-Semitism according to many critics and reviewers.s also quite in keeping with their masculinity, which does not necessarily denote maturity, as their running with the bulls in Pamplona also shows. Grown, mature men do not need to prove their masculinity by running from bulls, but young men still finding themselves certainly do, and critics recognized this."

Tags:classic, masculinity, survival, first, world, war, anti-semetic, robert, cohn