Abstract
This paper discusses the concept of anti-racist education that has been introduced in Ontario, Canada. It describes the historical context of the policy and discusses the possible positive and negative outcomes of adhering to it. The paper argues that school leaders need to do more than adhere to policy guidelines or the adages of public interest groups working to end racism's sway in society. Instead, the paper contends that school leaders must be able to approach anti-racist education creatively and in a manner that respects and encourages student and staff interest in difference while also stressing the reality of racism or discrimination.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Understanding the Historical Context
Racial 'Identity'
Proactive and Constructive School Cultures
Canadian Variations
Who is Responsible for Racism?
Generating a School Culture
Anti-racism and Multiculturalism
Concluding Remarks

From the Paper
"Anti-racism and anti-racist education should be operative ideals promoting a dynamic or spirit, within school settings, beyond a mere ideology of anti-racism. The term of 'inter-racism' mentioned earlier may be helpful towards a vision of desired diversity that is respectful and appreciative in its philosophy and idea of civil society. Educators, as ever, need to lead by example, and should engage in outreach to the surrounding community in ways providing information and activities to explain what a school promotes in its particular culture. Attention to specific histories is conducive to recognition, expanding anti-racism well beyond sloppy notions of 'white' or 'mainstream' versus the non-white or 'marginal', all the while cultivating a sensitivity to difference that may shape opportunity and life experience."

Tags:multicultural, discrimination, humanist

Abstract
This paper discusses the ways in which their works have contributed to the multicultural and anti-racist literature for children.

Abstract
This is a theoretical position paper addressing the need for a historically informed and dynamic understandings of anti-racism education in Ontario school cultures. The paper argues that school leaders must contemplate the goals of anti-racism education, elevating it beyond ideological understandings or conventional models towards a lived and encouraged school culture capable of gradually effecting broad cultural change.

From the Paper
"The Province of Ontario offers particular challenges in a strongly multicultural social environment that can produce informal school subcultures of racial-cum-ethnic difference. School leaders are charged with cultivating school cultures to promoting interest in less familiar cultures while diminishing awareness of differences as can be expressed negatively. The formal study and practice of anti-racist education can foster positive results in students educated to recognize the pitfalls of..."

Tags:antiracism, ontario, theory

Abstract
This paper will discuss three books: Lindgren's "Pippi Longstocking", Paula Fox's "The Slave Dancer" and Theodore Taylor's "The Cay". It will be shown how true racism can be hidden in an apparently "innocent" text, while another work for children - that appears racist in many respects - may be reinterpreted as an exceptional work of anti-racist literature. .

Abstract
The paper discusses the nature of anti-racism and traces its roots as far back as literature will allow. The paper attempts to understand the nature of racism today and why the anti-racism movement seems to have had less influence than is believed on the historical standard of racism and exclusivity of power. The paper answers the question: Why was the influence of racism greater than that of anti-racism, and is racism still the dominant sociological thought or, is the culture finally seeking a more egalitarian standard and structure?

From the Paper
"Though racist acts can also be derived from beliefs built in true racism, as many would argue, saying something is different is not the same as saying something is less than, even though the resulting laws and regulations give the distinct impression at varying times that this is true. To many, and especially to those who have been separated and subjugated, based on race the concepts are one in the same as many argue the idea that "separate is not necessarily equal." In many ways this is very true as the dominant culture will allocate resources and opportunities for its own race above another and the resulting situation, as is seen in early reformation and even reactionary "Jim Crow laws" the nature of separate creating a sense of inferiority and subsequent superiority as a result of the fact that most municipalities have a difficult time allocating resources to one infrastructure, let alone two separate ones. It can be argued that those in power when given a fixed set of resources will always allocate more for its own than for others."

Tags:racist, society, ancient, vintage, resources, opportunities, archaic, feudal, system

Abstract
This study focuses on racially motivated bullying acts and try to determine how often they occur and what the possible motivator is behind them. The paper explains why interviewing was chosen as the methodology to determine the frequency, level and cause of such events. The paper maintains that this study will provide valuable information to future school administrators and counselors that develop anti-bullying programs for their student bodies.

Outline:
Introduction
Methods
Data Analysis
Ethical Issues
Conclusion

From the Paper
"There has been scientific evidence that bullied students have more physical symptoms including headaches, stomach aches and lack of sleep. In a survey of Australian secondary school students the research team found that victimized students had an across the board higher incidence of poor health and health issues that were not experienced by those who had not been bullied."
""Although these physical consequences are concerning, most of the harm caused by bullying is emotional in nature(Smaby, 2005). A study of the effects of bullying on psychiatric symptoms found victims and perpetrators to both suffer mental health consequences years after the bullying occurred(Smaby, 2005).""

Tags:bully, victim, symptom, mental, emotional, health, methodology

Abstract
This paper will argue that Canadian attitudes towards Asian migrants is subtly (and sometimes, not so subtly) racist with respect to their contribution to this country. Although Chinese workers have literally helped build this nation from the time of its foundation, they have never received credit for this. In particular, an anti-racist feminist analysis will reveal how the lives and work of women of Asian descent in Canada has been defined for generations by a complex intertwining of racist and sexist stereotypes.

Abstract
This paper examines three American-made films that portray Asians in a negative light--The Cheat, Sayonara, and Rising Sun. Comparing and contrasting the films, the paper points out how Asians are portrayed from a racist perspective.

From the Paper
"Anti-Asian sentiment as noted by Nora Cobb and specifically, Japan-bashing, has a long established history in the film industry. The depiction of Orientals and their culture in American film throughout the early years of the industry reflected what Cobb calls a socially accepted set of stereotypes regarding the differences between Orientals, whether they be Chinese or Japanese, and Americans. During World War II, Japanese-Americans were rounded up and interned for the duration of the war. Concurrently, the movie studios pumped up..."

Tags:anti-Asian, xenophobia, Japanese, Asian, Sayonara, Risen Sun, The Cheat, film, movie, racism, American, Caucasian

Abstract
This paper examines Canadian immigration policy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Specifically, the paper addresses why it was unfair to view Canadian immigration policy as wholly racist in nature and how Canadian immigration policy evolved over time. According to the paper, the policy grew progressively harsher in many ways while still ensuring that "desirable" types from China found their way into the land. Finally, the paper explores some of the controversies which compelled politicians at both levels of government to act as they did.

From the Paper
Anti-Chinese Sentiment and Canadian Immigration Policy: "The following paper will look at Canadian immigration policy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Specifically, the paper will look at why it is unfair to view Canadian immigration policy as wholly racist in nature (it certainly had instrumentalist components to it - even for the Chinese) and at how Canadian immigration policy evolved over time - growing progressively harsher in many ways while still ensuring that "desirable" types from China found their way into the land. Finally, the paper will explore some of the controversies which compelled politicians at both levels of government to act as they did. In the final analysis, ..."

Tags:prejudice, discrimination, generation, citizen

Abstract
Each of the six summaries reviewed in this paper describes the central argument of the article and offers responses on the issues of race, class and feminism. The articles described here all make explicit reference to Canadian issues of feminism. This paper is not a critical analysis, but a brief summary of the assigned articles.

Tags:CANADIAN STUDIES AND ISSUES / GENDER, RACE, CLASS, women reading journal