Abstract
This paper explains that Lynch Laws and lynching activities lead to the death of tens of hundreds of black men, most of whom were completely innocent. The author points out that Wells used data published by the "Chicago Tribune" showing how many innocent people were lynched each year as a means to make authorities take notice of the atrocities that were being committed under the shelter of Lynch Law. The paper states that the anti-lynching campaign of Ida Wells occupies a very important place in our history because this crusade made people understand the issues connected with racial segregation and discrimination.

From the Paper
"She maintained that not all white women were raped; there had been cases in which white women actually had consensual sex with black men, as they liked their company. This was probably the most outrageous comment that anyone had ever made in favor of black men but Wells probably believed in attacking the attackers instead of defending the victims. This attacking approach did work as people started taking notice of the problems associated with Lynch Law. The greatest favor she did to the black race was that she brought forth some ugly incidents of lynching, which most newspapers never published. She presented many such cases in her famous pamphlets now available in book-form titled "Southern Horrors and other writings: The anti-lynching campaign"."

Tags:crusadw, segregation, data, innocent, atrocities

Abstract
The history of lynching in the state of Virginia is still surrounded by many misconceptions. Even though is has been decades since the last of the official lynchings took place, it is still difficult to find reliable and accurate information that accurately represents what went on during that period in history. This paper examines the history of lynching in Virginia from around the 1830's till an anti-lynching bill was passed in 1928.

From the Paper
"It does appear, however, that the lynching practice did originate in Virginia with Col. Charles Lynch and some of his associates (Brundage, 1993). It is not known whether the activities that took place under this gentleman account for the naming of the town of Lynchburg, Virginia, or not. Even though the practice of lynching originated in that state, Virginia has the lowest rate of all ex-confederate states for lynchings that can be historically verified. Evidence also indicates that lynching in the state of Virginia has not officially existed since the 1920s but it does continue even today in many isolated cases."

Tags:racial, equality, Charles, Lynch

Abstract
Lynching was certainly the cruelest form of racial segregation and discrimination; mob violence was used as a weapon against black men to crush their spirits. After the Civil War, most black men found themselves in a very ugly situation, as lynch law was frequently against them, which resulted in tens of hundreds of deaths. Ida Wells was one of those few courageous black writers and activists who spoke about the horrors of lynching and started an anti-lynching campaign. The paper studies the causes of lynching and nature of anti-lynching campaign in the light of Wells' three pamphlets, which were later published in a book form titled, "Southern Horrors and Other Writings" by editor Jacqueline Royster.

From the Paper
"Lynching refers to use of mob violence against any person with or without a reason. In the days after the Civil War and during the period of Reconstruction, slavery became even more intense than it was ever before. This is because Southerners were now being forced to grant Black Americans their due rights, something that they were absolutely not willing to do. In the days before the Civil War, slavery was prevalent and no one openly objected to it or talked about civil rights of black people. Slaveholders assumed they were superior to their slaves and felt no one could take this right away from them. But as soon as people started discussing civil rights for blacks in public especially the Northerners and some members of the salve community, Southerners became even more austere as they feared loss of their superiority."

Tags:civil, war, slavery, southerners, black, Jacqueline, Royster

Abstract
Contends lynching of African-Americans was not just an act of hatred and rage, but at attempt to control behavior. Examines the Deep South as the region of most lynchings and discusses the Ku Klux Klan, the lack of action on the part of the North, and anti-lynching protests.

From the Paper
"The history of lynching in the United States ranks as one of the most horrific, shameful episodes in American history. In Lynch Law, the first serious investigation of lynching published in 1905, James E. Cutler states that "lynching is a criminal practice..."

Abstract
This paper summarizes the debate between the Federalists and Anti-federalists of the constitutional congress. It suggests some ongoing problems in American public life which demonstrate the main issues which drove that debate, far from being resolved during the constitution's ratification, continue to resonate in current events. This paper discusses the Ratification Debate and the major issues which drove the debate between the Federalists and the Anti-federalists: Distribution of power, protection of rights, limitations of institutions and the ongoing Relevance.

From the Paper
"In the last few days of September in 1787, the Confederation Congress met to debate and construct a new Constitution of the United States. The document they wrote and sent for ratification to the thirteen states that made up the newly-formed country was intended to replace the Articles of Confederation that had ordered the nation since its inception. The nation was reaching a crisis point, as the experiment had been going poorly. Surprisingly, perhaps, the problem was not one of the many possible economic problems that new nations are likely to experience when reconstructing after a long and difficult war. As Gordon Wood (1969) argues, the general economy was running well and people felt comfortable and even prosperous (p. 395). Rather, the concerns that brought the nation's leading politicians together were primarily political. "

Tags:anti, federalists, constitutional, debate

Abstract
This paper discusses how in terms of ideologies, actions, and goals that exist, or should exist in order for the anti-globalization movement to develop into a successful global social movement, there is general agreement that there must be a greater emphasis on social and political issues such as gender equality, and economic issues such as product music and entertainment product copyright protection. The paper further discusses that these are only two of a multitude of important issues that need to be addressed, but they reflect the anti-globalization movement's fundamental goal of protecting the social, political, and economic rights of individuals, groups, and societies as globalization expands. For example, globalization has presented many challenges and opportunities for the transnational women's movement.

Tags:anti, globalization, issues, analysis

Abstract
The following assignment is for a third year sociology course. The topic discussed is collective social behaviour. The collective social behavior examined in this assignment is anti-war demonstrations. The writer uses social contagion theory and emergent norm theory in order to examine the nature of anti-war demonstrations.

From the Paper
"Collective behavior is a very broad area of study. For example, in Collective Behavior Erich Goode states, 'Rumors and legends, fads, and collective protest- these and other social phenomena make up the subject matter of the field of collective Behavior'. Collective behavior is the relatively spontaneous, unstructured, extra institutional behavior of a fairly large number of individuals. The fact that collective behavior is such a diverse area of study means that many activities can be used to examine it. For this paper, demonstrations against the war in Iraq or anti-war demonstrations as they are commonly called will be used to examine many of the theories about collective behavior."

Tags:collective, behaviour, anti, war

Abstract
This paper studies domestic violence in the United States citing white supremacists, anti-government extremists, and violent religious and anti-abortion groups as homegrown terrorists. The Klu Klux Klan which was founded after the Civil war is given as an example. One of America's most famous terrorist organization, the Klu Klux Klan used intimidation and lynching to terrorize African-American communities. The Oklahoma City bombing is also listed as another terrorism activity. In closing, the author urges the United States to not overlook domestic threats as she deals with other threats that come from abroad.

From the Paper
'When foreign terrorists struck against the United States on September 11, 2001, the country was jarred into a new worldview. Suddenly, the world seemed like a much more dangerous place and Americans, spared so long from the horrors of Middle Eastern terrorism, were now the targets. However, terrorism is not a tactic that was invented in the Middle East, nor was it new to the United States. In fact, when viewed in a certain light, the "founding fathers" of the United States had themselves employed terrorism in incidents such as the Boston Tea Party. In fact, the attacks of "9/11" have greatly overshadowed many forms of domestic terrorism that Americans have faced for decades."

Tags:violence, racism, anti-abortion, anti-government

Abstract
This paper is based on the work of Lynch, White and Chen on the different attempts of the CCP leadership to form new ideologies capable of justifying ongoing Communist administration while coping with anti-social practices and problems created by capitalism. The paper discusses how the rise of a huge migrant worker/poor class is a grave concern that contrasts with the politically indifferent well-off classes.

From the Paper
"This paper refers to assessments by David Lynch, Gordon White and Feng Chen that describe in different ways the present confusion regarding how the People's Republic of China might produce an ideology that can produce pro-social attitudes under centralist government policies created by the Communist authorities to appear far more interested in relations with capitalist interests. A key factor to keep in mind is the response of Chinese citizens to what they have seen unfold, from their different positions, since the early 1990s."

Tags:ideology 1978, kinds, failures

Abstract
Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal had a very important social justice component, particularly with regards to racial justice. President Roosevelt had an informal network of African-American appointees who were known as the "Black Cabinet." One of the goals of the New Deal was thus to promote racial equality by creating federal agencies to help ease discrimination against African-Americans and creating economic opportunities for the advancement of black citizens. This paper examines two articles that deal with FDR'S New Deal on African-Americans. The first article examined is "The New Deal and the Negro: A Look at the Facts", written by FDR's Adviser on Negro Affairs, Robert C. Weaver in 1935. The other article discussed is "The Dual Agenda of African American Organizations since the New Deal", by Dona Cooper Hamilton and Charles Hamilton, written in 1992.

From the Paper
"For Hamilton and Hamilton, black intellectuals like Weaver and Ralph Bunche would fall in the period they dub the "consensual stage," which lasted from the New Deal years into immediately after World War II. During these years, many activists for African American rights tended to subordinate their civil rights agendas to the need for economic policies such as social welfare. Weaver clearly demonstrates the prevalence of this idea when he tries to rally black citizens' support for the New Deal, based on the plan's economic components."

Tags:democratic, party, racism, anti-lynching, bill, NAACP