Abstract
The paper explores Crohn's disease's pathogenesis, clinical staging and prognosis. The paper looks at current management trends and discusses the most promising medical therapy, which is the use of tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonists as an immunomodulator. The paper then examines Natalizumab, a monoclonal antibody against a cellular adhesion molecule, anti-interleukin 12 (anti-IL 12) medications, corticosteroids and their role in Crohn's disease, as well as current discoveries about their short and long-term consequences. The paper looks at the association of diet to the prognosis, progression or alleviation of Crohn's disease and concludes by presenting the best management for adult and child patients with this debilitating disease.

Outline:
Introduction
Discussion
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Crohn's disease is a chronic relapsing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that affects any part of the gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anus. More often, Crohn's disease is seen in the terminal ileum and colon (Caprilli and Clemente, 2008). As many as 7 newly diagnosed cases per 100,000 people are diagnosed every year, with a prevalence rate of 162 cases per 100,000 people every year (National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disease [NIDDK], 2005). Along with the other major form of IBD, ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease caused 825 deaths in 2002. Of 169,000 patients confined in the hospital, 62% were due to Crohn's disease. People with Crohn's disease suffer from severe diarrhea and abdominal pain, which results from the inflammation of the digestive tract."

Tags:tumor, necrosis, factor, antagonists, immunomodulator, Natalizumab, anti-interleukin, 12, corticosteroids, nutrition

Abstract
This essay argues that Ernest Hemingway's "The Sun Also Rises" is anti-Semitic in terms of its treatment of the character Robert Cohn. Cohn is painted in a negative light and none of the characters like him. Cohn is the anti-hero, yet he has Jewishness intentionally imposed upon him. In this respect, "The Sun Also Rises" involves anti-Semitism.

Tags:anti-semitism, literature

Abstract
The paper focuses on the evolution of punk and its mutation into the more politically charged anarcho-punk movement and explores the violent side of the extreme left - both as an international force and in particular in Switzerland. The paper then discusses the Bern-based Antifa Switzerland group and explores the motivations of the Black Bloc anarchists. The paper highlights the use of violence in the anti-fascist movement and the connection between today's violent anarcho-punks with the ideals of the original punk movement. Several photographs are included with the paper.

Outline:
Introduction
Punk's First Wave
Punk Arrives in Switzerland
Switzerland, Anarcho-Punk, and Post-war Politics in the 21st Century
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The media, however, interpreted the punks' image, music, and reckless behavior as a real threat to the status quo. This culminated in December of 1976 when the Sex Pistols and members of the Bromley Contingent appeared on the Bill Grundy television show in England. At the time of this momentous event, punk was still in its early stages. The public-at-large had little way of knowing about punk at the time. What they saw was a group of extravagantly dressed young people, visibly intoxicated, who took relish in using offensive words and insulting the host of the program in a manner that went way beyond the accepted morals of the time. The Bill Grundy episode would spiral the fledgling youth subculture into the wider cultural spotlight. At that point, punk was no longer a tiny subculture, but a mass media spectacle that would shock the conservative British public and inspire similar-minded youth all over the world."

Tags:punk, anti-fascist, movement, violent

Abstract
The paper critically discusses Anti-Individualism and then presents an argument against this epistomology. The paper explains that Anti-Individualism is based on a series of assumptions about the nature of learning and the learner including a relationship between the learner and the material being learned. The paper relates that it supposes at least 2 "orders" of learning including perceptual and self-knowledge.

From the Paper
"Anti-Individualism is philosophy of knowledge that focuses on the nature of knowledge and the relationship between that knowledge and the learner. As described by Tyler Burge, Anti-Individualism emphasizes "basic self-knowledge" or knowledge, which is "self-verifying in an obvious way" (Burge 649). According to Burge there is a distinction between "knowledge of one's thoughts" and the "individuation of one's thoughts" (Burge, 650). Since an individual's thoughts about a physical object are dependent upon that person's relationship with that object this would mean that a person's..."

Tags:knowledge, anti, individualism, burge

Abstract
This paper discusses how in terms of ideologies, actions, and goals that exist, or should exist in order for the anti-globalization movement to develop into a successful global social movement, there is general agreement that there must be a greater emphasis on social and political issues such as gender equality, and economic issues such as product music and entertainment product copyright protection. The paper further discusses that these are only two of a multitude of important issues that need to be addressed, but they reflect the anti-globalization movement's fundamental goal of protecting the social, political, and economic rights of individuals, groups, and societies as globalization expands. For example, globalization has presented many challenges and opportunities for the transnational women's movement.

Tags:anti, globalization, issues, analysis

Abstract
This paper summarizes the debate between the Federalists and Anti-federalists of the constitutional congress. It suggests some ongoing problems in American public life which demonstrate the main issues which drove that debate, far from being resolved during the constitution's ratification, continue to resonate in current events. This paper discusses the Ratification Debate and the major issues which drove the debate between the Federalists and the Anti-federalists: Distribution of power, protection of rights, limitations of institutions and the ongoing Relevance.

From the Paper
"In the last few days of September in 1787, the Confederation Congress met to debate and construct a new Constitution of the United States. The document they wrote and sent for ratification to the thirteen states that made up the newly-formed country was intended to replace the Articles of Confederation that had ordered the nation since its inception. The nation was reaching a crisis point, as the experiment had been going poorly. Surprisingly, perhaps, the problem was not one of the many possible economic problems that new nations are likely to experience when reconstructing after a long and difficult war. As Gordon Wood (1969) argues, the general economy was running well and people felt comfortable and even prosperous (p. 395). Rather, the concerns that brought the nation's leading politicians together were primarily political. "

Tags:anti, federalists, constitutional, debate

Abstract
The following assignment is for a third year sociology course. The topic discussed is collective social behaviour. The collective social behavior examined in this assignment is anti-war demonstrations. The writer uses social contagion theory and emergent norm theory in order to examine the nature of anti-war demonstrations.

From the Paper
"Collective behavior is a very broad area of study. For example, in Collective Behavior Erich Goode states, 'Rumors and legends, fads, and collective protest- these and other social phenomena make up the subject matter of the field of collective Behavior'. Collective behavior is the relatively spontaneous, unstructured, extra institutional behavior of a fairly large number of individuals. The fact that collective behavior is such a diverse area of study means that many activities can be used to examine it. For this paper, demonstrations against the war in Iraq or anti-war demonstrations as they are commonly called will be used to examine many of the theories about collective behavior."

Tags:collective, behaviour, anti, war

Abstract
This paper is an analysis of an anti-smoking ad, examining the ad's visual impact and the larger meaning behind it.

From the Paper
"In the anti-smoking ad, an old woman appearing to be in her eighties is lighting a cigarette from the flame on her birthday cake candles which say ... and the caption says "Smoking Causes Premature Ageing". These candles are burning down, hinting that the woman's years of life are ebbing away quickly. Although the cake has the words 'Happy Birthday' written on it, in icing these words are largely obscured by the prominent candles indicating that age is trumping the happy in 'Happy Birthday'."

Tags:anti-smoking ad, advertising, analysis, FDA, cigarette, cancer, aging, health

Abstract
This paper contends that the skyrocketing number of prescriptions for anti-depressants recently has caused some to worry that patients, such as rape victims, who could benefit from the addition of medication in their recovery, might not be able to get the much-needed medicine.

From the Paper
"The recent FDA decision regarding SSRI's (Selective Seratonin Reuptake Inhibitors) has caused the medical community to scale down anti-depressant prescriptions in recent months. This project in intended to shed light on the growing problem of over-prescribing anti-depressants and the effects that ultimately could prevent rape survivors from receiving the much needed medications they need for recovery."

Tags:anti, celexa, depressants, neuroreceptors, prescriptions, prozac, seratonin, ssri, survivors, zoloft

Abstract
This paper discusses colonialism and anti-colonial nationalism in India and describes some of the features and processes inherent therein.

From the Paper
"Colonialism and anti-colonial nationalism in India were the result of historical processes that pre-existed. Prior to colonialism Indiafound itself in a state of anarchy, lawlessness and arbitrary despotism, which as Chatterjee points out was a central element in the ideological justification of British colonial rule. The British, from their Western perspective, deemed Indian social customs degenerate and barbaric, a view that prompted them to undertake colonialism as a civilizing mission. (Chatterjee) Abhorring the long list of atrocities perpetrated on Indian..."

Tags:colonialism, anti-colonial, nationalism, India, British