Abstract
This is a paper on the recent developments behind the ACPA. The paper includes: a brief history behind the development of the ACPA, a definition of what a ?cybersquatter? is and why the ACPA is needed, a thorough discussion of how the law determines liability under the ACPA, real world examples where people were prosecuted under the provisions of the ACPA, remedies available to people suing under the ACPA and criticisms of the ACPA.

From the Paper
"The ACPA seems to have been a gallant attempt on the part of legislators to address a problem which when the Act was initially drafted, probably appeared to be a much more grave problem than it is today. With the not-so-sudden realization by many companies that they cannot depart from traditional business ideals (i.e. making a profit) simply because they host websites on the Internet, "cybersquatting" may have had its heyday in the late 1990's. Still, the ACPA is premised upon well-recognized principles of Trademark Law, which seek to protect consumers, while distinguishing and identifying the sources of specific goods. In that sense, the ACPA fulfills the objectives of the legislators by attempting to discourage individuals from using domain marks improperly, while at the same time requiring plaintiffs to demonstrate that the use in question was accomplished in bad faith."

Tags:computers, intellectual, internet, law, lawschool, property

Abstract
This paper reviews articles from the "Federalist", which was generally in favor of the Constitution, and "Letters from the Federal Farmer", which was anti-federalist and published in New York in the "Poughkeepsie Country Journal", beginning approximately six years after The Articles of Confederation commenced governing the new nation. The author points out that Alexander Hamilton, in "Federalist No. 1", argued that the Articles of Confederation did not provide for the unity the nation deserved. The paper stresses that the concerns expressed in the "Federal Farmer" were understandable because again changing the government structure after recently fighting for freedom from the British was giving back some of that freedom as a confederation of states became a solidified union.

From the Paper
"Another challenge felt by the young country, that was to be addressed by the forming of a solidified Union, was the mischief of factions. Factions were described as a group "who are united and actuated by some common impulse of passion, or of interest, adverse to the rights of other citizens, or to the permanent and aggregate interests of the community." (Federalist No. 10) Madison saw two cures to this problem, remove the factions all together or minimize their effects on the country. He recognized, however, that removing factions would only be accomplished by removing the liberty they used to exist, which was not an option. He also saw that minimizing their effects was impractical, as "the latent causes of faction are thus sown in the nature of man." "

Tags:hamilton, madison, factions, structure, freedom

Abstract
This paper explains that, during the romantic movement in Spain and France, which is described as an anti-intellectual movement in both art and literature, artists of this tradition actively commented against the traditions of aristocratic domination of politics and societal norms and supported the rise of nationalism. The author points out that both Goya and Delacroix related their artistic visions and imagination to actual events and made political statements through their depiction of war. The paper explores this theme in Goya's "The Third of May 1808", which he created in response to the tyranny of Napoleon's forces, and in Delacroix's "Massacres at Chios, 1824", which was his objection to the continuing social repression of the professional and peasant classes.

From the Paper
"The decades preceding and following the turn of the 18th century were violent and bloody. It was an era of much political and social upheaval where people, ranging from both intellectual and educated to peasants, began to question the role and power of the aristocracy whom they began to view as irresponsible despots . In particular, the divine right of royalty was questioned along with the rules they imposed upon their subjects as well as the war atrocities they caused. Artists, including painters began to portray the fall out of this political upheaval."

Tags:anti-intellectual, politics, nationalism, napoleon, event

Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that interestingly, Fryer and Levitt indicate that an anti-intellectual culture may exist in black homes, which contributes to the achievement gap between black students and white students. This paper suggests that the resolution for this achievement gap may has roots in preschool. There is a two page analysis of the research conducted by the above researchers.

From the Paper
"Peer interactions and peer effects play a large part in any classroom. Without doubt, peers have an effect on each other in their efforts, whether they positively model for each other or whether their actions have a negative effect on classroom unity and progress. Interactions between peers are not based on a single element; rather, gender, race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status all have their own effects. Although it is desirable that the elementary classroom provide a unified approach and atmosphere for educating students, such unity is not always possible in today's diversified classroom. The challenges that exist in a ..."

Tags:achievement, elementary, research

Abstract
The paper describes how the fears that rose out of the Cold War had paralyzing effects on American society, and created an atmosphere of paranoia, complacency and anti-intellectualism. The paper also discusses how a booming economy created a sense of pride, peace and affluence that caused the 1950s to be romanticized as "The Golden Age." The paper shows however, how the 1950s can be used as an example to portray how society can go horribly wrong; the apathy and conformity threatened to obliterate American values like free speech and choice of religion, and held back nearly a decade of progress in the midst of irrational fears. The paper asserts that undoubtedly, the stagnation of the '50s was a major contributing factor to the revolutionary and reform movements that followed in the 1960s, and beyond.

From the Paper
"Americans in the 1950s were faced with a number of conflicting messages and corresponding emotions, relating to a number of different aspects of their lives. Following their triumphant end to World War II, the American people felt overwhelmingly reassured of their dominant status in the global arena (O'Neill 7), thanks in no small part to the development and usage of nuclear weapons. Yet Americans found themselves in a peculiar position when their monopoly on nuclear power was threatened by the Soviet Union's own atomic bomb (O'Neill 7). The fears that rose out of the Cold War, and their paralyzing effects on American society, created an atmosphere of paranoia, complacency, and anti-intellectualism (O'Neill 14) that was to become the defining characteristics of the era."

Tags:Cold, War, nuclear, weapons, religion, morality, segregation, conformity

Abstract
Analysis of Johan Huizenga's book. End of the Middle Ages, and the end of an era known as the Dark Ages. His thesis that the Middle Ages brought a negativity to love. The role of symbolism, and its use by the medieval Church; the lack of imagination. Anti-intellectualism of the period.

From the Paper
"THE AUTUMN OF THE MIDDLE AGES

To most of us, this was a period often referred to as "The Dark Ages". It was a time of lean intellectual accomplishments. The only light at the end of any creative tunnel occurred in the monasteries. What had been attempted in the Holy Roman Empire of Charlemagne had not really lasted. But, the autumn of this period was really unlike the autumn of the seasons in the sense that it would lead to a cold winter. Instead, it led to the recovering of Man in the rebirth- the Renaissance- of thought, art, and prospects of a better, un-serf like existence even for the common man. But Huizenga, according to his editor here, does not see the 14th and 15th centuries as a bridge to the Renaissance. Instead ?as the end of the Middle Ages, as the age of medieval thought in its last phase of life, as a tree with overripe fruits, ..."

Abstract
The paper points out the numerous strengths of Lipstadt's work, including her lucid writing style, her careful research, her ability to vividly contextualize Holocaust denial and her intellectual courage. The paper looks at the book's failings and maintains that the author lets her political sensibilities get in the way of her better judgment in the labelling of some groups as anti-Semites. The paper concludes that nonetheless, the book stands up well to criticism and should be read by any young student interested in learning about the historiography surrounding the Holocaust.

From the Paper
"Lipstadt's book is compelling because she provides a rich context within which the average student of the Holocaust can understand why - and how - individuals can "get away" with denying an event that a huge collection of video, written, and oral history proves really did take place. For one thing, Lipstadt points out how the historiography of Holocaust denial is remarkably similar to, and really born of, a larger historical tradition that sought to exculpate Germany from allegations that it was wholly responsible for the beginnings of World War One. This historiography, championed most conspicuously by scholars like Harry Elmer Barnes, argued that the American public had been misled about the nature of German foreign policy and by apparently erroneous reports of German atrocities in the early stages of the Great War."

Tags:Germany, Jews, anti-Semitism, anti-Semites, accountability

Abstract
This paper makes the case against abortion. It argues that abortion is wrong because it is wrong to kill a human being and regards a fetus as being alive from the moment of conception. This argument is backed up by essays by Don Marquis, Larry Bohannon, and the "Intellectual Viewpoint".

Tags:anti-abortion

Abstract
This paper looks at this law enacted by President Clinton in 1998 in support of the treaty signed at the World Intellectual Property Organization at Geneva in 1996. The paper explains who is affected by the act, who is exempted, and the law's objective. The paper also examines the case of eBay and how it has been affected by the law as well as how other Internet businesses are managing to circumvent the Act's provisions.

From the Paper
"Some of the provisions of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act are as follows: It is considered a crime to circumvent the copyright or anti-piracy measures that are built into all commercial software of today. The fact that software can be illegally copied and distributed by a set of people who can actually crack the codes that protect this software is also dealt with. Those persons who manufacture or sell or copy and distribute these codes will be severely punished. However, in certain cases, like for example, when software has to be assessed or tested for the extent of security offered by the codes, or to conduct encryption research, cracking the code is legally allowed. Likewise, certain sets of people are allowed to circumvent copyright and anti-piracy laws. These people may be academicians, or be in charge of a free library, or run an educational institution. (The Digital Millennium Copyright Act) "

Tags:entertainment, software, industry, service, providers, provide, information, anti-piracy

Abstract
The paper analyzes the character of Millat Iqbal in Zadie Smith's novel about English and East Asian identity and inter-generational conflict entitled "White Teeth". The paper shows how Millat wants to create an identity that is entirely un-English and is only connected to his Bengal roots abroad. The paper also examines the character of Magid and highlights how both brothers' idea of purity is ironically a product of the West, and so they are both hybrid figures. The paper brings out Smith's view that acknowledging the humanity of the supposed 'other,' whether from the family or from another nation, is the purest anti-colonial act of all.

From the Paper
"One of the difficulties of constructing an identity through the post-colonial discourse of race, religion and ethnicity is the difficulty of filtering out the discourse of the oppressor, the 'us versus them' binary that defines colonialism. Colonialism is constructed upon a series of binaries, of 'savage versus civilized,' 'English versus native,' 'white versus non-white,' and of course 'good versus bad' and 'pure versus impure.' The logical response for the rebellious colonized peoples of the world who wish to oppose colonialism would seem to be to vow to become everything that colonialism is 'not.' To be against colonialism is to celebrate a pure, native culture, before it was impinged upon by colonialism. However, to do so is impossible--no identity is 'pure.'"

Tags:Western, culture, rebellion, intellectualism, fundamentalism