Abstract
This paper discusses the disadvantages of using one of the most common medicinal therapies for treatment of arthritic pain. It explains how the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs work within the system and the damage they may cause to the intestinal wall. The paper also provides information gathered from studies carried out on this subject.

From the Paper
"The intestinal wall separates the human body from a host of harmful substances. Only a single layer of tissue divides the interior of the human body from enormous amounts of antigens, both of dietary and microbial origins. When taking NSAIDs, the lining of the intestinal wall can become weakened, leading to a condition commonly referred to as "leaky gut," or intestinal permeability. Once this happens, larger molecules that can act as antigens are released into the body. This can cause immune reactions and lead to autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis."

Tags:autoimmune, predisposition, inflammation

Abstract
The paper discusses the lower back as an area of the body for which people seek pain treatment far more frequently than almost any other. The paper notes that chronic low back pain is a primary reason for individuals to seek and potentially become addicted to narcotic pain medication. Additionally, many individuals overuse over the counter analgesics and or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (often a cause of stomach problems or even vascular and cardiac damage). The paper discusses the use of BASI Pilates as a core muscle training program that can, when applied correctly, alleviate and even eliminate chronic lower back pain through training. This includes balance and the strengthening of abdominal and back muscles.

Outline:
Anatomical Description of Lower Back
Introduction
Body
BASI Pilates Regiment (Abdomen and Lower Back)
Case Study
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The lower back is the lay term usually given to the lumbar and sacrum portions of the spinal column and all the muscles and connective tissues that surround them. The spinal column is composed of 33 interlocking vertebrae and the sacrum, the lowers five vertebrates plus the scrum make up what is known as the lower back. This are of the back is frequently a source of pain as there are many stressors and or injuries/diseases that can effect it as well as the stressful posture of continual sitting or standing or lifting using back instead of leg muscles can create superficial strain or deep muscle strain on the area."

Tags:nonsteroidal, anti-inflammatory, drugs, alternative, treatments

Abstract
This paper explains that rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting the synovial joints and virtually every tissue in the body joints and other tissues; it can affect persons of all ages. The author points out that treatment of rheumatoid arthritis demands a multidisciplinary approach that includes pharmacological control of inflammation; combinations of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and slow-acting anti-rheumatic drugs (SAARDs), which provide the basis for treatment; physical therapies, including general and specific exercises; educational programs; and psychological counseling. The paper relates that, especially for older patients, weight-bearing activities increase bone strength so that, in the case of a fall, there will be less likely to have a fracture.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Patient Perceptions
Surgeries Available
Exercise and Therapy
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Physical activity and exercise is definitely a factor that can contribute to positive aging in general and RA prevention in particular, and has been researched methodically and thoroughly. Many researchers have focused on the mental and physical benefits that activity can bring to the elderly, who may be able to stave off physical deterioration by
engaging in an active lifestyle that highlights exercise and fitness. Although some studies have gone so far as to set the minimum time and intensity for physical activity, most agree that in terms of exercise, anything is better than nothing. "Updated ACR guidelines on the management of RA recommend that an optimal treatment strategy include physical therapy and regular participation in dynamic and aerobic exercise programs in addition to pharmacologic interventions."

Tags:research, exercise, synovial, drugs, surgery

Abstract
Aloe gel is perhaps the most widely recognized herbal remedy in the United States today, used to relieve thermal burn and sunburn, promote wound healing and moisturize and soften skin. Everyone who uses it seems convinced that it works and its millennia of use for the same conditions support that assumption. The paper shows that, in addition, recent research suggests that aloe gel can help stimulate the body's immune system. However, the way aloe works is not yet fully understood. The paper presents an overview of this fascinating plant.

Paper Outline:
Background
Antiseptic
Anti-Inflammatory
Anti-viral, Anti-bacterial
Whole-Leaf Aloe Concentrate
Aloe as Laxative
Using Aloe
Growing Aloe Vera
Grow and Heal
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Aloe vera linne or Aloe Barbadensis Miller is a succulent from the Aloe family (400 different species !) with its origin in the African continent. Its thick leaves contain the water supply for the plant to survive long periods of drought. These leaves have a high capacity of retaining the water also in very warm and dry climates and therefore this plant can survive very harsh circumstances where most other vegetation disappears."

Tags:moisterizer, gel, lectin, polysaccharides

Abstract
This paper begins by providing a definition of Alzheimer's disease. It then details the disease's symptoms and possible causes. The main focus of the paper is the different treatment methods available. These include medical treatment such as cholinesterase-inhibitors drugs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, estrogen therapy, anti-oxidants and phosphatidyl serine. Other forms of treatment are also discussed such as treatment of psychological symptoms and last stage treatment.

From the Paper
"Alzheimer's disease, its causes and cures, has long remained a mystery to medical practitioners. However, the efforts of researchers are beginning to reveal clues that may soon enable physicians to prescribe medications and other forms of treatment that will successfully delay the onset of the disease and may even reverse the course of the illness. Yet for the four million Americans currently diagnosed with the disease, future treatments are irrelevant. Fortunately, there are some effective options currently available that can treat the symptoms of Alzheimer's and/or slow its progression. If caught early enough, the patient can gain valuable time that they may have had the diagnosis been made at a later stage during the disease=s development. Unfortunately, because the symptoms can often be so easily masked, this does not happen as often as it could."

Tags:estrogen, physiological, drug, cholinesterase, nonsteroidal, phosphatidyl

Abstract
In this essay, the writer discusses that according to the article: Schistosoma mansoni secretes a chemokine binding protein with anti-inflammatory activity, authored by Smith et al., individual schistosome molecules may have the ability to prevent diseases.

From the Paper
"In addition, Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) eggs ooze protein into a host tissue that combines chemokine and slows down their relations to push out the parasitic infection. S. mansoni chemokine binding protein (smCKBP) seems to be able to stifle the inflammation. However, which chemokine binding protein would be used, encoded by three schistosome species: S. mansoni, S. haematobium and S. japonicum, ..."

Tags:inflammation, chemokine

Abstract
This paper takes an in-depth look at Alzheimer's disease, a degenerative brain disorder that was first identified in 1906 by Alois Alzheimer. This disease represents the single most prevalent form of brain disorders and is also the leading cause of dementia, affecting approximately 4.5 million people in the Untied States. The paper provides a brief overview of the disease, the symptoms, the diagnostic procedures and the treatment methods in order for us to gain a better understanding of this degenerative brain disorder.

Outline:
Introduction
Alzheimer's Disease
Early and Late onset Alzheimer's Disease
Symptoms of the Disease
Memory Loss and Language Disorder
Depression
Dyspraxia and Agnosia
Diagnosis
Tests for Cognitive Impairment
Positron Emission Topography
Major Causes of Alzheimer's Disease
Amyloid Plaques
NeuroFibrillary Tangles
Metal ions
Treatment Methods
Restoring Cholinergic Transmission
Anti-inflammatory Drugs
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Considerable reduction in cholinergic transmission is one of the primary causes for the loss of memory and other associated symptoms of Alzheimer's disease and other kinds of dementia. Hence pharmacological treatment for AD mainly revolves around rectifying this circulatory deficit within the brain. Compounds designed to enhance cholinergic transmission constitute an important part of the treatment plan. Acetylcholine the neurotransmitter of the brain is considerably broken down in-patients suffering from AD and other dementias. The underlying mechanism of the neurotransmitter can be simplified as follows. An electrical impulse generated passes along the nerve and when it reaches the end it triggers the release of chemical messengers known as neurotransmitters, which in turn diffuse along the synaptic cleft and react with the specific receptor sites on the organ. Activation at the receptor junction initiates a series of chemical reactions resulting in a specific biological response. "

Tags:physiological, emotional, strain, pharmacological, neurotransmitter, brain, nerve, neurofibrillary, tangle, CT, scan, EEG

Abstract
Alopecia areata is a systemic hair loss disorder, which affects roughly around 4.7 million people in the United States alone. The paper explains that it is characterized as an autoimmune disease that leads to either localized or complete hair loss. The effects of the disease may either be permanent or reversible depending on the nature and extent of damage to the hair follicles. It is believed that both genetic as well as environmental factors have an influence in the onset of the condition. This paper provides a brief overview of the different types of alopecia and discusses in detail the possible pathophysiology and the treatment options for the disease.

Introduction
Alopecia (Different Types)
Hair Follicles (Complex Morphognesis)
Androgenic Alopecia
Molecular Pathology of AGA
Immunology of Alopecia Areata
Microcirculation in Scalp Tissues
Treatment for Alopecia (Cortisones and Anti Inflammatory and Immunotherapy Drugs)
Cosmetic Surgery
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Alopecia is a disease triggered by the immune response of the body, which attacks and alters the normal development cycle of the hair follicles. Normally each hair follicle is in any one of the following three stages of life cycle namely anagen (growth phase), catagen (regression phase) and telogen (resting phase). Alopecia areata refers to the significant hair loss observed due to the immune response against the hair follicles in the anagen stage, resulting in severe reduction or complete stoppage of the hair growth phase. When the hair loss is observed throughout the body it is called as alopecia universalis. When complete hair loss is confined to the head, the condition is referred to as Alopecia totalis while hair loss that is localized and observed as patchy bald regions is known as Alopecia areata. [Ralph Paus]"

Tags:baldness, pathology

Abstract
This paper examines Alzheimer?s; it?s aetiology and symptoms, in order to question the orthodox and alternative treatments available. It discusses the considered main causes that include zinc, copper, iron and aluminium, as well as including a brief overview of the accepted commonest risk factors. It is concluded by considering and suggesting, that ginkgo biloba is the main contender as the alternative to orthodox medicine in treating and preventing, Alzheimer?s disease.

Outline
Abstract
Introduction
Chapter 1
An Overview of Alzheimer?s Disease ? Definition, Aetiology and Risk Factors
Associated Structural Abnormalities of AD
Beta Amyloid Plaques (BAPs)
Neurofibrillary Tangles
Risk Factors of AD
Chapter 2 ? The Biometals
The ?Normal? role of Zinc
The Paradoxical Role of Zinc
Iron
Copper
Aluminium
Free Radicals and Oxidative Stress
The Cholesterol Theory
Chapter Three ? Ginkgo Biloba
Ginkgo Biloba as an Antioxidant and Preventative
Vitamin ?E? and Other Free Radical Scavengers
Chapter Four - The Role of Orthodox Treatments
Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), One of the Neurotrophic Factors
Selegiline
Oestrogen Replacement Therapy (ERT)
Metal Chelation Therapy
Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs
Chapter Five ? Conclusion

From the Paper
"Copper is another essential trace mineral in the human body; it is a constituent of many enzymes and takes part in the absorption of iron and in melanin formation. Lack of copper may result in anaemia and bone changes. Estimated safe and adequate dietary intake is 1.5-3.0 mg/day for adults, and 0.4-0.6 mg/day for infants (Tortora and Grabowski, 2000). Copper plays a crucial role, with cholesterol, in nutrition and normal brain function. Recent evidence indicates that copper and cholesterol may both be important factors in the aetiology of AD. Sparks et al (2003) explains how trace amounts of copper (0.12 ppm) added to water and given to cholesterol-fed rabbits induced BAP accumulation, including senile plaque-like structures in the hippocampus and temporal lobe."

Tags:acetylcholine, aluminium, antioxidants, beta, copper, dementia, diease, zinc

Abstract
"This paper is an account of Syntex, a pharmaceutical research and manufacturing company that offers an intriguing example of the rewards and pitfalls of the international drug industry. Throughout the 50 years of its history, Syntex laid important groundwork for the development of the birth control pill and led the industry in the development of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), culminating in the development of naproxen and anaproxen, the largest-selling NSAIDs in the world.

From the Paper
"This paper is an account of Syntex, a pharmaceutical research and manufacturing company that offers an intriguing example of the rewards and pitfalls of the international drug industry. Throughout the 50 years of its history, Syntex laid important groundwork for the development of the birth control pill and led the industry in the development of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), culminating in the development of naproxen and anaproxen, the largest-selling NSAIDs in the world. Preferring to promote from within, the company managed to produce consistent research and development successes that kept public focus away from the individuals responsible for these successes. By the late 1980s, the company had become successful enough to be a tempting target for takeover, protected principally by its foreign status and the impending expiration of ..."