This paper reviews the book, "In Pursuit of Equity: Women, Men and the Quest for Economic Citizenship in Twentieth Century America" by the social historian Alice Kessler-Harris.
1,735 words (approx. 6.9 pages), 1 source, 2002, $ 56.95
Abstract This paper discusses that women's citizenship is more than political rights and includes how women are treated at work. The paper points out that from the beginning of America, economic success and the right to work has been linked with full participation in the American political process. The paper continues that current law still reflects certain anti-female laboring biases.
From the Paper "The need for organized, well-paid male work was thus presented as validating a necessary social norm, the ability of a man to be the head of his own household, and to control the purse strings of the home. Male dominion of the family was crucial to the social order of the land, thus making well-paid male labor an economic necessity. This did not mean, of course, that women did not work when necessary. However, even when women did work extremely hard, such labor was viewed as subsidiary to male labor and male economic sustenance of the household."
Abstract This essay argues that Ernest Hemingway's "The Sun Also Rises" is anti-Semitic in terms of its treatment of the character Robert Cohn. Cohn is painted in a negative light and none of the characters like him. Cohn is the anti-hero, yet he has Jewishness intentionally imposed upon him. In this respect, "The Sun Also Rises" involves anti-Semitism.
Abstract The following assignment is for a third year sociology course. The topic discussed is collective social behaviour. The collective social behavior examined in this assignment is anti-war demonstrations. The writer uses social contagion theory and emergent norm theory in order to examine the nature of anti-war demonstrations.
From the Paper "Collective behavior is a very broad area of study. For example, in Collective Behavior Erich Goode states, 'Rumors and legends, fads, and collective protest- these and other social phenomena make up the subject matter of the field of collective Behavior'. Collective behavior is the relatively spontaneous, unstructured, extra institutional behavior of a fairly large number of individuals. The fact that collective behavior is such a diverse area of study means that many activities can be used to examine it. For this paper, demonstrations against the war in Iraq or anti-war demonstrations as they are commonly called will be used to examine many of the theories about collective behavior."
Abstract This paper summarizes the debate between the Federalists and Anti-federalists of the constitutional congress. It suggests some ongoing problems in American public life which demonstrate the main issues which drove that debate, far from being resolved during the constitution's ratification, continue to resonate in current events. This paper discusses the Ratification Debate and the major issues which drove the debate between the Federalists and the Anti-federalists: Distribution of power, protection of rights, limitations of institutions and the ongoing Relevance.
From the Paper "In the last few days of September in 1787, the Confederation Congress met to debate and construct a new Constitution of the United States. The document they wrote and sent for ratification to the thirteen states that made up the newly-formed country was intended to replace the Articles of Confederation that had ordered the nation since its inception. The nation was reaching a crisis point, as the experiment had been going poorly. Surprisingly, perhaps, the problem was not one of the many possible economic problems that new nations are likely to experience when reconstructing after a long and difficult war. As Gordon Wood (1969) argues, the general economy was running well and people felt comfortable and even prosperous (p. 395). Rather, the concerns that brought the nation's leading politicians together were primarily political. "
Abstract This paper discusses how in terms of ideologies, actions, and goals that exist, or should exist in order for the anti-globalization movement to develop into a successful global social movement, there is general agreement that there must be a greater emphasis on social and political issues such as gender equality, and economic issues such as product music and entertainment product copyright protection. The paper further discusses that these are only two of a multitude of important issues that need to be addressed, but they reflect the anti-globalization movement's fundamental goal of protecting the social, political, and economic rights of individuals, groups, and societies as globalization expands. For example, globalization has presented many challenges and opportunities for the transnational women's movement.
A discussion on the way that the punk subculture re-emerged in recent years in response to the rise of the far right in Switzerland and as part of the international anti-fascist and anti-globalization movements.
Abstract The paper focuses on the evolution of punk and its mutation into the more politically charged anarcho-punk movement and explores the violent side of the extreme left - both as an international force and in particular in Switzerland. The paper then discusses the Bern-based Antifa Switzerland group and explores the motivations of the Black Bloc anarchists. The paper highlights the use of violence in the anti-fascist movement and the connection between today's violent anarcho-punks with the ideals of the original punk movement. Several photographs are included with the paper.
Outline:
Introduction
Punk's First Wave
Punk Arrives in Switzerland
Switzerland, Anarcho-Punk, and Post-war Politics in the 21st Century
Conclusion
From the Paper "The media, however, interpreted the punks' image, music, and reckless behavior as a real threat to the status quo. This culminated in December of 1976 when the Sex Pistols and members of the Bromley Contingent appeared on the Bill Grundy television show in England. At the time of this momentous event, punk was still in its early stages. The public-at-large had little way of knowing about punk at the time. What they saw was a group of extravagantly dressed young people, visibly intoxicated, who took relish in using offensive words and insulting the host of the program in a manner that went way beyond the accepted morals of the time. The Bill Grundy episode would spiral the fledgling youth subculture into the wider cultural spotlight. At that point, punk was no longer a tiny subculture, but a mass media spectacle that would shock the conservative British public and inspire similar-minded youth all over the world."
Argues that over-prescribing anti-depressants world-wide could prevent rape survivors from seeking and receiving treatment for depression and other mental health diseases.
Abstract This paper contends that the skyrocketing number of prescriptions for anti-depressants recently has caused some to worry that patients, such as rape victims, who could benefit from the addition of medication in their recovery, might not be able to get the much-needed medicine.
From the Paper "The recent FDA decision regarding SSRI's (Selective Seratonin Reuptake Inhibitors) has caused the medical community to scale down anti-depressant prescriptions in recent months. This project in intended to shed light on the growing problem of over-prescribing anti-depressants and the effects that ultimately could prevent rape survivors from receiving the much needed medications they need for recovery."
Abstract This paper discuses the issue of gender roles in Charlotte Lennox's book "The Female Quixote". It focuses on the main character Arabella and how she manages to make the world revolve around her. It looks at the issue of female empowerment, relationship between the sexes and how these relate to modern day.
From the paper:
"Charlotte Lennox's "The Female Quixote" decries the influence of romantic novels on its main female protagonist, Arabella. Like Cervantes? Don Quixote, a reading of romance novels, tales of beautiful women and their influence on men, and of their being the center of the world they dwell in, with everything seeming to revolve around their person, ostensibly seeks to expose the delusions of such women. By putting the onus of such delusions upon the romance, they decry fictions, or at least the genre of fiction that goes by the name of romances. However, a reading of the novels brings forth the great truth that it is neither the romantic fiction, nor its misreading and misinterpretation by the main protagonists of these two novels and others of their kind, but the entire gamut of gender relations that can be held responsible and that needs to be probed further as the cause of such delusions. "
Abstract Traces the historical evolution of female sexual-social mores, the biological influences on female mating preferences and styles, and the evolution of the monogamous and non-monogamous family. It ends with a discussion of the implications of exchange theory and the scarcity model of economics as it relates to modern monogamy and its social, emotional, and physical consequences.
Historical Evolution of Female Sexual Social Mores
The Biological Evolution of Female Sexual Preferences
Future Evolution of the Family
The Social and Emotional Consequences of Serial Monogamous
Relationships
The Social and Emotional Ramifications of Non-Monogamous Relationships
Possible Evolutions: Scarcity Model versus Abundance Models of Sexual
Economics
From the Paper "The forces of history and biology have served to promote the suppression of female sexuality and the idealizations of monogamy among female humans. However, the recent rise of feminist power movements, secure birth control methods, and a cultural "sexual" revolution have combined to make non-monogamous lifestyles the norm. While most women still embrace the ideal of monogamy, life-long marriage relationships have been replaced by serial monogamy as the standard in Western Culture. Non-monogamous relationships are also gaining in popularity."
Abstract This paper examines the difference in depression levels among female adolescents attending rural schools versus female adolescents attending urban schools. The paper looks at the rationale for the study; presents a review of related literature; methodology and implications of the study. The focus is on urban versus rural schools.
Abstract Female genital mutilation has been an institution in Islam for centuries, still exists today, and is practiced in at least twenty countries throughout the Islamic world, from Africa to Indonesia. This hideous practice emerged in Arabia, the original Muslim homeland, from where it spread to the regions conquered by Muslim armies. Quranic injunctions, Islamic conquests and Muslim administrative institutions have given it a continuity and legitimacy which have perpetuated it into modern times. This paper discusses female genital mutilation in the Islamic world. The paper discusses its history, origins, where it is practiced, how it is still practiced today and what the position of Islamic authorities of today is on female genital mutilation.
Abstract This paper takes a look at female sexual dysfunction and some of the several causes that attribute to it. The author provides a brief overview on early references made on female sexuality in medical writing and discusses diagnostic methods. The paper also discusses psychotherapy as a treatment method and the church's take on female sexual dysfunction.
Outline:
A Brief Overview
Why is there Dysfunction?
When Did This Begin?
How Can We Know the Dysfunction Exists?
What Happens When it's Treated?
Where Else Can Help Be Found?
Conclusion
From the Paper "While Female Sexual Dysfunction is not a rare problem, it is difficult to treat due to the fact that patients often feel uncomfortable talking with their physicians about it. Often, too, there is more than one cause and the different causes may require different treatments. Psychotherapy is not the only treatment available today. While it has been the policy of the church, in the past, to lead women to believe what should be normal sexual desire is instead perverse or bad, that attitude is slowly changing and the church is helping women build a better self-image."
Tags: sex related problems, female sexuality, treatment psychotherapy
Abstract In this article, the writer examines the use of the Internet by female teenagers. The writer then studies the effects by the Internet on the teenagers' self image. The writer looks at the influence of the Internet on the psycho-social development of teens. In this paper, the writer also discusses how female and male usage of the Internet differs.
From the Paper "Over the last decade, an increasing number of teenagers have become prominent users of the Internet, thus generating concerns among parents and researchers with regard to its effects on their psychological well-being. In one of the studies many of the parents surveyed assert their worries about their children's isolation from others in the real world and their development of antisocial behavior due to Internet use. Due to their vulnerability to adult predators, teenage girls and their use of ... "
A discussion of the article "Marriage, Bargaining, and Intrahousehold Resource Allocation: Excess Female Mortality Among Adults During Early German Development", by Stephen Klasen.
1,125 words (approx. 4.5 pages), 5 sources, 2005, $ 44.95
Abstract This paper discusses the female mortality rate in West Germany between 1680 and 1870. The paper is based on an article review of Stephen Klasen's "Marriage, Bargaining, and Intrahousehold Resource Allocation: Excess Female Mortality Among Adults During Early German Development." The analysis includes examining four other articles that are relevant to the topic.
From the Paper "Adult Female Mortality in Early German Development: 1680-1870 The article "Marriage, Bargaining, and Intrahousehold Resource Allocation: Excess Female Mortality Among Adults During Early German Development, 1680-1870", written by Stephen Klasen, examines mortality rates of adult females in Germany between the late 1600s and mid to late 1800s. The purpose for Klasen's study was to find out whether gender bias existed in the allocation of household resources. His empirical research discovered that the mortality rate among married adult females was considerably excessive."
Abstract The paper discusses how in fairy tales, female characters are often associated with a long search for a mate, which ends in a happily-ever-after relationship. Yet, the paper maintains that what is often not considered is the strength of many female fairy tale characters and the struggles that they endure in order to achieve their goals. The paper highlights how the characters of Cinderella, Belle and Rapunzel all demonstrate women that have suffered through prolonged distress prior to realizing happiness.
