Abstract
This paper discusses anti-Fascists female writers during Mussolini's dictatorship in Italy. In particular, the paper focuses on the life and writing of Alba De Cespedes, but also discusses other writers such as Natalia Ginzburg, who was born Natalya Levi. The paper discusses the challenges that these writers faced and describes how they risked their lives through their literature to give other women the opportunities in which they so believed.

From the Paper
"The most important part of Fascism in regard to feminism and the feminist movement of female writers in Italy is that this was a time when women were consciously attempting to find their identity. Not only find, but they wanted to renegotiate and extend those parameters of identity - in both a personal way and also a literary way (Panizza, 174). While female writers in other countries - such as Virginia Woolf in England - were searching for a room of their own, it was Italian women who were searching for basic rights - yearning to be heard, yearning to be able to express themselves the way that men were able to. De Cespedes, Ginzburg, and many other Italian writers of this era were heroes who literally risked their lives to give other women the opportunities that they so believed in. Their writings, while risque and controversial at the time, have gone down in history as great works that set women free both in a historical sense and a literary sense."

Tags:identity, resistance, freedom

Abstract
This paper examines existing research to discuss antisocial behavior in females with co-morbid diagnoses of ADHD and conduct disorder. It explains the fundamentals of both conditions and the factors that led to the association of males with the disorders.

From the Paper
"Detention centers and residential treatment facilities are replete with male and female youth that have been in and out of the juvenile justice system for many years. Although the majority of the populations in these facilities are male, the number of female juvenile offenders is continually increasing. Many of the children in these facilities have a history of behavioral difficulties that may or may not have been diagnosed during much of their childhood."

Tags:cd, rules, attention, deficit, hyperactivity, juvenile, offense, inattention, impulsivity

Abstract
This paper presents four interviews with women who have either experienced or have seen the effects of female genital mutilation.

Introduction
Questions
Interviews
Mimi Meserak Ramsey, Author and Anti-FGM activist
Ghita El-Khayat-Bennai, Author and Anti-FGM Activist
Fauziya Kassindja, Author
Deborah Woolard and Richard Edwards, Medical Doctors
Issues Raised
Summary

Tags:FGM, Unicef, WHO, Islam, Africa, virginity, gynecology

Abstract
Criminal justice systems in Western societies must formulate and implement alternatives to incarceration, especially in cases involving mothers, for incarcerating them is not an effective way to address the multitude of social, economic, cultural, and psychological factors that generate anti-social behavior. Incarcerating mothers has a destructive impact on their children, their families, and on society as a whole, for incarceration is not only an indictment of them, it is an indictment of our entire social system, which punishes people who do not meet society's expectations instead of helping them become productive members of society.

From the Paper
Female Offenders and Motherhood: An Analysis Criminal justice systems in Western societies must formulate and implement alternatives to incarceration, especially in cases involving mothers, for incarcerating them is not an effective way to address the multitude of social, economic, cultural, and psychological factors that generated their anti-social behavior. Incarcerating mothers has a destructive impact on their children, their families, and on society as a whole, for incarceration is

Tags:incarcerating, mothers, issues

Abstract
This paper examines how quite a fuss has been raised over Eve Ensler's production of "The Vagina Monologues" (V Monologues) because of its overt and explicit depiction of the female genitalia. It looks at how the appropriateness of the subject matter is questioned, as is the necessity for it to be circulated, mass produced, and performed. It shows how there are proponents for both sides of the issue, arguing equally as fiercely that the monologues are either essential to the liberation and independence of women or abominable to traditional standards of morality and modesty, and how both sides see this work as a key artifact, either to identify with or protest against. The paper is written from an anti-feminist viewpoint and picks apart the "Vagina Monologues", citing the play as an example of societal decay. It also looks at the play as a part of pop culture, contrasting the play from the vantage points of feminism vs. anti-feminism.

From the Paper
"One primary goal of the monologues was to circulate the word vagina making it commonplace as a part of everyday conversation. An example of this is Ensler's admittedly common use of the word vagina. Ensler says vagina because she fears what we do not speak we forget and the thought of forgetting about vagina scares her (xx, 3). The question arises as to whether or not the term vagina is even important. Is the word vagina important because Ensler tells us it is important? While she drills through her monologues how important the word vagina is in reclaiming ourselves as women, can she get past the cultural biases which have been in place for so long by simply saying her work is important? Those identifying with her stance would agree based upon the thought circulating the word "vagina" is liberating."

Tags:culture, pop, societal, decay, female, genitalia

Abstract
A discussion of the lack of women in the literary canon, "an authoritative list, as the works of the greatest authors." The canon is a guarantee of quality and it immortalizes a work. A work outside the canon is forgotten and unnoticed. Anti-feminist groups claim that historically white males have done most of the writing. The author of this paper disagrees with this claim and attempts to prove it as a narrow-minded and dogmatic notion. Female writers were not taken seriously. Because of the omission from the literary canon, female writers are presented with the notion that there are no women writers of note. That alone is good enough motivation to adopt the concept of a "women's canon."

From the Paper
"The term literary canon is explained by definition as "an authoritative list, as the works of the greatest authors". Yet, the literary canon consists mainly of male WASPS (or White Anglo-Saxon Protestants). It is only a logical consequence that women, and particularly feminists, want to break free from this male-dominated virile clique. Now, what is the importance of the canon? The purpose of the canon is simple. The canon is a guarantee of quality and it immortalizes a work. It is an attempt to present us with the best. It basically is a list of the prime books ever written and the authors who ever wrote. The one belonging to the canon acquires a distinct prerogative. A work outside the canon is forgotten and unnoticed. If the canon is a collection of the best works by the greatest masters, then it does not look good for women and other minority groups. And if the existing literary canon is a prodigious list of white males, then we can only conclude that culture, great literature, creativity and originality are essentially masculine and European."

Tags:books, canon, english, female, feminism, literary, literature, male, woman

Abstract
This paper examines how far women have advanced in the sporting presentation arena, yet how far they still need to go. The paper shows that despite anti-discrimination laws, women do still not receive full credibility and are sometimes seen as mere attraction points for men to watch the sport being covered. This paper looks at the history of women sportscasters and discusses whether they should be granted more credibility.

From the Paper
"Women have come a long way in sportscasting; from just another "Barbie-on-the-air" image to complement the sportscasting done by men, to today's qualified and respected professional hired for her skills and knowledge. In this day of anti-discrimination laws and a greater acceptance of women traditional men's roles, it would be expected that women sportscasters would enjoy the same acceptance as men in their same field. This is not the case however, and women sportscasters often face a credibility issue with their male counterparts."

Tags:sport, presentation, female, women, discrimination

Abstract
This paper explains that Robert Johnson's book, "She", is based on a Jungian exploration of myth and archetype. The paper points out that, while some readers may view the book as anti-feminist and completely irrelevant for modern women, Johnson repeatedly indicates that the archetypal male and female elements elucidated by myth do not directly refer to biological characteristics. Rather, each man and each woman can relate to the principles embodied by myths and thus learn something from a deep exploration of mythology. The paper also points out that "She" should always be read in light of Jungian psychology and that the underlying principles of Johnson's book about the female psyche are best appreciated when his writing is viewed symbolically.

From the Paper
"Ascribing archetypes, deities, and myths to universal human experiences is an effective and engaging tool. Readers need not accept all of what Johnson has to say in She to appreciate its underlying messages. For instance, his exposition of Aphrodite, Psyche, Eros, and other deities points simply to an analysis of such psychological forces as desire, jealousy, fear, and love. Rather than dryly spell out the meanings and functions of psychological and emotional energies, Johnson clothes them in colorful imagery. Unfortunately, the author dwells far too much on marriage as the central experience in a woman's life. The author makes his most stereotypical statements regarding the roles of men and women in marriage. For instance, he states on page 17 that women are "bound in her marriage as he is not," and that "She may resent this, but not to be caught in this way by life is an even worse death." "

Tags:classical, universal, nature, psychology, masculinity, femininity, greek, eros, tale

Abstract
This paper will discuss the anti-feminist properties than lie within the "The Wife of Bath's Tale" by Geoffrey Chaucer. The complexities of female life in the shame that the central character must endure for being married five times explains the foundation for this harsh treatment of women. An understanding of the role of feminine life in mediavel times can be made by this interpretation of women and their roles in marital positions.

Abstract
"Warrior Marks" by Alice Walker and Pratibha Parmar chronicles the making of their documentary film about the arcane practice of female genital mutilation. The paper examines what drove Walker to make the documentary and write this book about a topic she feels so strongly about. It explores why and how the book was written and how successful it is in conveying its very powerful anti-mutilation message.

From the Paper
"The journey is then narrarated by the other author, Pratibha Parmar. Her story is similar to Walker's. She responds enthusiastically to Walker's proposal to do the film. She ponders the possibility of creating an unbiased film that is not misrepresented as cultural imperialism. Her concern was that she would be regarded in the same way as so many other filmmakers who focused on African culture. She decides that her reluctance to interfere with this culture would leave millions of African children at risk of genital mutilation."

Tags:Possessing, the, Secret, of, Joy, patriarchal, oppression, circumsize