Abstract
The paper describes how Senator Joseph McCarthy initiated a nationwide campaign which aimed to eradicate individuals who were suspected to be spies and those who had ties to communism. The paper discusses how McCarthyism played a principal part in the overall modification of the way American citizens regarded political affairs and the social order, and asserts that the bogus attempt to name individuals as conspirators against the United States has cast a dim shadow on the history of the country.

From the Paper
"Joseph McCarthy represented the state of Wisconsin as a United States senator beginning in 1946 and throughout the next 11 years until he died in 1957. Beginning in 1950, McCarthy initiated a nationwide campaign which aimed to eradicate individuals who were suspected to be spies and those who had ties to communism. His efforts to remove these individuals from American society continued throughout 1954. McCarthy implemented ruthless and cruel tactics to obtain information from his witnesses. He used erroneous data and accused individuals by using unproven information in an effort to prosecute them for acts they had not committed. His deplorable actions created a hostile nationwide atmosphere. Individuals who had once been known for their upstanding service to the country lost the respect of American citizens and the overall character of the country suffered an immense decline in the eyes of overseas nations."

Tags:red, scare, suspicion, accusations, Truman, Doctrine, containment

Abstract
This paper examines the controversial speech delivered by Senator Joseph McCarthy in 1950, and how this represented the beginning of the most vicious anti-communist scare in American history. The paper discusses the political and economic situation in America at the time and why anti-communist feelings became so wide-spread. McCarthy's personality is also examined as a contributing factor to the spread of the anti-communist scare.

From the Paper
"Somehow his power-hunger mind didn't take a clue from all the accusations that he had to counter after his speech and continued with its obsession of thrashing others. McCarthy carelessly attacked some of the most respected names in the Senate and with Republicans winning the presidential elections of 1952; the senator became even more aggressive in his ambitions and his anticommunist stand. (Fried, 1976) But his tactics did more harm to the cause than good. McCarthy has been seriously accused of hurting the anti-communist cause. This is because once he started terrorizing everyone with Red Scare; the cause became a dangerous pursuit of a madman instead of a logical response to increasing powers of communism. Critics have focused on this aspect of McCarthy era too and many feel that had Joe McCarthy not been so violent about this issue, communism would have died earlier. Richard Gid Powers (1995) in his book, Not Without Honor: The History of American Anticommunism notes, "[McCarthy's] rabid charges that there were Communist traitors among the nation's most trusted leaders- -the age-old fantasy of red web cultists--eclipsed the sober and truthful accounts of communism that anticommunists had provided over the past half decade, making anticommunism seem nothing more than the ravings of a dangerous madman." (45)"

Tags:communism, red, scare

Abstract
In this article, the writer looks at takes on communism in movies, focusing on "I Married a Monster from Outer Space" directed by Gene Fowler and "Silver Lode" directed by Allan Dwan.The writer maintains that the B-movie thriller "I Married a Monster from Outer Space" seems to be a clear metaphor for the communist threat of the 1950s. The writer maintains that anti-McCarthy films like the Western "Silver Lode" show how similar themes, even a similar plot, can be used for the opposite ideological purposes. The writer concludes that when a threat is vague and shadowy, as was what communism 'really was' to Americans of the 1950s, people are more apt to believe that the accused are capable of anything, and to trust experts who tell them 'the truth' about this strange threat that seems to wear the face of their nearest and dearest, but really comes from the darkest outreaches of an unknown country.

From the Paper
"The parallels between the aliens with what Americans thought to be the characteristics of communists seem clear. Many Americans believed that communists looked like 'you and me,' and could be scout leaders, teachers, even husbands and wives. But fundamentally, the communists were 'different,' and careful observation would yield the truth. The communists would show subtle clues that could alert a careful and discerning observer what they were up to, so it was essential to be vigilant. Communists were thought to be 'planted' in ordinary institutions, and would spread their ideology and doctrine like a cancer. Instead of infiltrating America from without, the Red Menace would infiltrate America from within."

Tags:aliens, threat, ideology, dehumanization

Abstract
This paper explains how there has always been minor anti-Semitism in America but nothing too serious in modern history. This paper provides a brief literature review of studies of anti-Semitism and explains that despite a history of anti-Semitism, Jews have managed to thrive within their communities and within the country at large. The writer concludes that for there to be true advancement, anti-Semitism needs to be totally eradicated and the younger generations need to be educated.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Methodology
Findings
Strengths and Weaknesses
Ethics
Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"Anti-Semitism is defined as attitudes and actions against Jews based on the belief that Jews are uniquely inferior, evil or deserving of condemnation by their nature or by historical or supernatural orders. "Anti-Semitism, in the twentieth century, includes virtually all the beliefs, attitudes, and tactics that have developed from the first century." (Grosser & Halperin, 1983;277). Anti-Semitism does not necessarily end in the elimination of the Jews but may become a persisting condition of their lives. Jews have lived for many centuries dispersed among societies with traditions of Anti-Semitism. There have been extreme cases of Anti-Semitism that have led to mass destruction and genocide of the Jews.
Anti-Semitism is still rampant today, however awareness of this type of discrimination can help prevent future instances of persecution of Jews. Jews have succeeded as a whole today because of an internal strength they possess due to victimization and discrimination against them. Their oppression has made Jews mentally stronger, and has instilled in them useful values, thus enabling them to be ambitious, hardworking, successful people."

Tags:jewish, hatred

Abstract
This paper summarizes and analyzes the reasons Ruth Ruether's book, "Faith and Fratricide: The Theological Roots of Anti-Semitism" ,provides for the ongoing and pervasive anti-semitism in societies throughout the world. The paper offers a positive review of the book and of Ruether's ability to explain the anti-semitism that has arisen again and again in Christian communities.

From the Paper
"It is probably a good thing that this book was written by a scholar who is known, overall, to be sympathetic to Christianity because if it were not the work of such a scholar it might well come off as something of a hatchet job. Ruether is not interested in apologizing for the often (at best) Machiavellian actions of early church leaders but nor is she interested in tarring everyone equally. Her case against individuals is made carefully, with a fine attention given to building up each case deliberatively and with due attention paid to the ways in which evidence from such a long time ago must be assessed."

Tags:christian, leaders, congregation, jewish, religious, violence, jews, demonize, evil, holocaust

Abstract
"Dumping", which is defined as the practice of exporting a product at a price lower than the price at which an identical product is sold by the same producers in the exporting country's domestic market, features as a prominent reason cited by many governments to raise their trade barriers. Article VI of the GATT agreements legitimizes the use of anti-dumping (AD) duties under certain unique circumstances. In November 2003, the Delegation of the European Commission to the WTO initiated a dispute settlement process with the Delegation of India over AD measures imposed by the Government of India on imports of certain products originating in the European Communities (EC). The 27 AD cases mentioned were on products with end-usage in the textile, pharmaceutical, chemical, and steel sectors, three of which concerned acrylic fiber. This paper provides an in-depth economic analysis of the trade dispute in question between India and the EU by focusing on their trade in acrylic fiber. It begins by describing the nature of the acrylic fiber industry and discusses comparative advantages in world fiber production. The paper then proceeds to build a Heckscher-Ohlin model of trade between the countries in question and illustrates welfare changes and income distributions of free trade relative to autarky. Thereafter, it examines whether the AD measures imposed by India are indeed justified. This is done by analyzing the market behavior and pricing strategies of major EC firms in this industry and by looking for evidence of injury to Indian exporters. Finally, the paper extends its previous analysis to discuss welfare implications of the imposed AD duties relative to free trade. The paper includes graphs and illustrations.

From the Paper
"It is important to note that the EU is also well endowed in labor and can extract profits from labor-intensive industries, but the region faces a lower opportunity cost of producing one unit of a capital-intensive good such as acrylic, relative to one unit of a labor-intensive good such as cotton. The average size of acrylic fiber manufacturing plants in UK and Germany varies from 70,000 tonnes to 150,000 tonnes, whereas the average size of the plants in India range from 12,000 tonnes to 38,500 tonnes . Since the production technology for acrylic fiber requires a higher capital-to-labor ratio, this means that unit labor requirements are lower, and productivity higher in the European acrylic fiber industry than that of India. In other words, the fact that the EU is a net exporter of acrylic fiber vis-a-vis India and the rest of the world reflects its comparative and not absolute advantage in the production of this good."

Tags:Acordis, Dralon, DGAD

Abstract
This paper cites and details the findings of the anti-harassment officer for Northern Community College in a case involving a student and an instructor. First, the officer explains the issues in the case at hand, and then describe the relevant principles that have informed his adjudication process. Finally, the paper delivers his decision.

From the Paper
"As the anti-harassment officer for Northern Community College, it is my duty to rule on the case of the student (referred referred to here as Mr. X), and the instructor (referred to here as Prof. Y). I will first explain the issues in the case at hand, and then describe the relevant principles that have informed my adjudication process. Finally, I will deliver my decision. The Issues: In this situation, we have the difficult problem of weighing up the rights of a student against the rights of an instructor. As pointed out by Morris..."

Tags:equity, disability, racism

Abstract
This paper examines how although the term anti-Semitism is reasonably new--dating back to the latter half of the nineteenth century--prejudice and persecution of Europe's Jewish community began as long ago as the rise of Hellenistic culture in Greece. It discusses how Judaism has become the object of state-sanctioned persecution. It also looks at how from early Roman times into the twentieth century, Jews have occupied exclusive residences and communities within nations dominated by competing religions and how this, in turn, generated additional hostilities among those who believed that the Jews had been afforded some exceptional status.

From the Paper
"After emancipation, by the 1860s it could have been "concluded that European Jewry was becoming completely integrated." (Katz, 14). Yet, these political advances, it would seem, masked an underlying social force: the demand to find new grounds upon which to single the Jewish people out. Ultimately, this is the only reasonable cause for the dramatic turn of events that, once again, identified Jews as a troubling sect within European society: "Writers, politicians, and scholars in the 1870s, again attacked Jews and found their onslaught so well received by the general public that an entire movement sprang up, one openly proclaiming its opposition to Jews." (Katz, 14). This, however, was a new form of anti-Jewish literature; no-longer were Jews merely hated on the basis of their role in the death of Christ, or their peculiar social station, but also upon racial and wholly secular grounds. "

Tags:europe, pogrom, christianity, holocaust, hitler

Abstract
This paper explains that, in 1993, the Justice Department (DOJ) began an investigation into the allegations that (1) Microsoft used predatory pricing tactics to destroy competitors and eliminate competition in the marketplace and (2) erected technical barriers within their operating systems to make it difficult or impossible for non-Microsoft software to run on Windows; on July 15, 1994, in a consent decree, Microsoft agreed that it would not tie other Microsoft products into its Windows operating system. The author points out that this dominance was due to Microsoft's (1) development of a common user interface, which allows users to use similar commands in each of the individual application products, (2) concept of backward compatibility so that the older versions of applications work with newer versions of the operating system and (3) integration of its individual applications allowed users to create and use data between applications such as a spreadsheet created in Excel could be imported into a PowerPoint presentation. The paper continues to describe several other anti-trust cases such as the 2004 agreement with the Computer and Communications Industry Association (CCIA) and Novell.

From the Paper
"In order to understand the environment in which the Microsoft anti-trust actions occurred, it is necessary to examine the beginnings of Microsoft. After an early career as a hacker, Bill Gates and Paul Allen founded Traf-O-Data in Seattle, Washington, a company started to develop and market a machine to generate traffic flow statistics. This machine was not the success that Gates and Allen hoped for, however. It may have been the youthfulness of the owners (Gates was 16), or it may have been that the state of Washington began to offer the same services for free."

Tags:dominance, strategy, common-user, agreement, gates

Abstract
Four states have outlawed homosexual sodomy specifically. The author discusses the impact that the laws, the general deterioration of the system and the issue of disrespect. The paper covers the containment of equal rights movements - specifically same-gender marriage, employment and parental rights - by use of sodomy laws as justification, as well as the the impacts of heterosexism. The author uses the analysis of homosexual interest groups in America to discuss the potential for repeal of these statutes and gives options for policy changes.

Outline
Introduction
History of Sodomy Laws
States with the Laws
Bowers and Lawrence
Level of Government
State Level
Harms of Anti-Sodomy Statutes
Penumbral Crimes
Equal Rights Denied
Employment
Marriage
Parental Rights
Heterosexism
Interest Groups
Lack of Representation
Analysis
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Gandhi was once noted as saying, "My notion of democracy is that under it the weakest shall have the same opportunities as the strongest" (Interfaith Alliance n. pag.). Yet in America, Gandhi's vision of democracy is not being represented as he would have dreamed. When a large percentage of the population is deemed criminal merely by the nature of their sexual conduct, pluralism is undermined and equal rights are impossible to attain. The anti-sodomy laws that exist in America serve no true purpose - they are rarely enforced and when they are, it is based on a pretext or prejudice. When weighing the costs and the benefits, the choice is an easy one to make. Anti-sodomy laws are used to deny rights and entrench heterosexism. These laws most likely remain in place because of the relative political weakness of gay and lesbian groups."

Tags:conservatism, oppression, sexism