Abstract
This essay discusses the views of the Anti-Confederates of Canada, a group who opposed the British North America Act and the establishment of the Canadian federation in the 1860s. The essay examines the arguments presented in three documents: a speech by Joseph Howe at Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, a speech by William Lawrence in the Nova Scotia House of Assembly, a speech by Christopher Dunkin in the Canadian House of Parliament and finally, the work of P.B. Waite who documented the debate. The essay argues that though the Anti-Confederates had valid arguments, their views were not only ignored, but have been grossly misrepresented throughout history.

From the Paper
"Waite relates that the Quebec Chronicle was noted to have woefully stated that the discussion surrounding the Confederation had grown "stale" since nothing new was being said. However, it is reported that Christopher Dunkin quite clearly gave an "exhaustive" speech, which clearly demonstrated that the Confederation was a "shambling, illogical mixture of compromises and rule-of-thumb methods." In fact, Dunkin very clearly related to the listeners that he doubted that 33 men could develop a constitution in a mere seventeen days that would be an integration of the best that was contained in the British and American governments. It is difficult for this writer to believe that this debate could have actually grown stale considering what was at stake in this debate."

Tags:confederation constitution Canadian federation, British North America Act

Abstract
This paper discusses colonialism and anti-colonial nationalism in India and describes some of the features and processes inherent therein.

From the Paper
"Colonialism and anti-colonial nationalism in India were the result of historical processes that pre-existed. Prior to colonialism Indiafound itself in a state of anarchy, lawlessness and arbitrary despotism, which as Chatterjee points out was a central element in the ideological justification of British colonial rule. The British, from their Western perspective, deemed Indian social customs degenerate and barbaric, a view that prompted them to undertake colonialism as a civilizing mission. (Chatterjee) Abhorring the long list of atrocities perpetrated on Indian..."

Tags:colonialism, anti-colonial, nationalism, India, British

Abstract
This paper examines the British criminal justice system with reference to statutory instruments, bills, cases and legal opinion. It looks at how the criminal justice system is considered to be one of the most imperative tools available to society for the control of anti-social behaviour and, in particular, how it needs to strike a balance between protecting the innocent and convicting the guilty. It also discusses how the system does not try to establish innocence, but whether there is enough evidence to convict and how this system has lead to many miscarriages of justice and has lead to many honourable persons to believe that a change to the inquisitorial system may prevent this.

From the Paper
"In 1993 the CPS went under a substantial change to increase efficiency. Sir Ian Glidewell stated that ' the 1993 reforms had made the CPS more bureaucratic' He believes that CPS has the potential to become a lively, successful and esteemed part of the criminal justice system. The CPS has not escaped criticism, despite its recent performance. James Hunt QC believed that if the public knew of the cost to them the taxpayer would be appalled . In 1998 the Glidewell Report heavily criticised the CPS. The key recommendations of the report were that the powers should be devolved so that the CPS would become less centralised."

Tags:crime, law, penalties, precedents, reform

Abstract
This paper examines the British rock band invasion of the United States during the 1960?s. It specifically details the numerous aspects of society during that period, such as current events, that affected these bands (The Beatles, Rolling Stones, The Who, etc.) and how their music reflected on the culture of the time. The author discusses The Vietnam War, the anti-war movement, hippies, drug use- all influences on the bands.

From the Paper
"Since the 1960's was a time period in which sex, love, violence, and drugs were running rampant, it is evident that some of these social factors of the time period had an effect on these bands. The Beatles and the Rolling Stones were two of the most popular British Invasion bands in both the United States and The United Kingdom at the time. They are also prime examples of social factors have affected the music of the time period. The Vietnam War, which was directly related to the Hippie Movement, was one factor that had an effect. Mass drug use of the time period was also a factor that had a major influence on the British Invasion bands."

Tags:beatles, drug, marijuana, rock, rolling, stones, hippies, vietnam

Abstract
This paper explains that German playwright Bertolt Brecht and English poet Wilfred Owen were both deeply personally impacted by war and both felt the need to express their anti-war sentiments and beliefs in their work. The author points out that, in Owen's anti-war poetry, war has destroyed an age of innocence; he express frustration about (1) innocent soldiers hardened by war and eventually killed in many cases, (2) the attitudes of civilians back home and (3) the way many simply ignored the tragic nightmare of the war. The paper relates that Brecht's perspective on war is similar to Owen's in that he is very anti-war; however, his perspective differs because he does not view civilians as ignorant but rather as interested in prolonging the war for their profit.

From the Paper
"Owen's poem appears to be inspired by the many deaths of soldiers he saw each day in the trenches of war. He starts the poem off, describing innocent young men being sent to war like cattle are sent to slaughter. He abandons his original views of war as heroic and glorious, and describes it as one large funeral where young soldiers are not given a proper goodbye. Instead of the typical church bells that are sounded when someone dies under ordinary circumstances, there are only the sounds of gunshots when a soldier dies, he writes."

Tags:personal, innocence, soldiers, attitude, profit

Abstract
This paper examines the reasons behind the eventual creation of the Church of England by King Henry VIII. It discusses how, although problems with the Catholic Church did exist, on the whole society believed in its central teachings, participated in its operations and invested heavily, both emotionally and financially, in its future right up to and beyond the Parliament of 1529.

From the Paper
"Much of the reason why members of Parliament, who as lawyers and merchants had particular grievances with the Cardinal, allowed proceedings within the House to escalate - to the point that the Church itself was placed under the spotlight - might be sought in the satisfaction they drew from puncturing the taboo that the Church was beyond reproach. More plausibly, however, Parliament's eagerness to ridicule Wolsey stemmed from circumstances during the previous summer of 1528 when a severe outbreak of sweating illness broke out in London, claiming heavy casualties. A by-product of this epidemic was how it inadvertently contributed to shoring up the coffers of priests rather than doctors, since it led to the payment of more mortuary and probate fees. Such bitter experiences may have conceivably lingered in the mind of parliamentarians as a reason why debates were allowed to reach such venomous proportions. "

Tags:Wolsey, Henry, VIII, protestant, catholic

Abstract
This paper examines the successful British colonization and economic exploitation of the Caribbean, which was built on the back of slave labor thus making the sugar plantations successful. Thanks to this human exploitation from Africa, Barbados and Jamaica, and later Trinidad, became valuable territories. The paper goes on to describe the British anti-slavery movement which was gathering force in Britain, and eventually led to the abolition of slavery.

From the Paper
"The successful British colonization and economic exploitation of the Caribbean was built on the back of the slave labour that providing cheap labour, thus making the sugar plantations successful. Thanks to the gross human exploitation of slave labour, always black and usually from Africa, Barbados and Jamaica, and later Trinidad, became valuable territories. However, the British anti slavery movement was gathering force in Britain, and eventually led to the abolition of slavery. However, this was briefly replaced by the apprenticeship system, until finally slavery was truly abolished and the colonies had to find alternative labour. Some..."

Tags:british, caribbean, slaves

Abstract
The paper outlines the role of the two Godrics' (the good and the bad) in the Old English poem "The Battle of Maldon" and analyzes the beatification of Byhrtnoth. It sticks closely to the poem's use of language as a means of deciding that the main crime of Old English literature is anti-heroism. It expands from here, to surmise that this was the prevalent crime because of the payment of Danegeld and the reign of Aethelred.

From the Paper
"Against a consideration of Byrhtnoth, then, I would like to consider the true perpetrators of the crime of anti-heroism in Maldon: Odda's sons, who flee after their lord's death, thus revoking the heroic ideal. I would like to consider first the role of the two Godrics' in the poem. Any reception of either, it must be noted, is moderated by the moral worth that Byrhtnoth instils in the poem. To put it simply, "bad" Godric is ignoble, fleeing on his master's horse, and "good" Godric is virtuous, fighting till the death to avenge his lord. The fact that their names are identical forces one to assume that they are meant as comparative entities in the poem; more than this, there exists an alarming parity in the presentation of each Godric."

Tags:aethelred, danegeld, byrhtnoth, godric

From the Paper
"The "English Only" movement, negative mass attitudes against immigration, bilingual programs in the public schools, welfare reform excluding immigrants, and, most recently, Propositions 187 and 209 in California are all indications that the public is ready for reforms which return greater power into the hands of the white and powered majority. In Texas and California, where the wars are primarily being fought, immigrants are being blamed for social malaise and a general lowering of standards. In those states, the public schools have been a special focus of attention. The following paper will examine civil rights in general, and the "English Only" movement in particular; in addition, Calfornia'a Propositions 187 (the initiative to deny basic social services to undocumented immigrants) and 209 (amends California's state Constitution to forbid racial and gender ..."

Abstract
This paper looks at one of Shakespeare's celebrated works, The Merchant of Venice. The author discusses how Shakespeare portrays one of the main characters, the merchant Shylock as not only a villain but someone less than human with no mercy for others, both consequences of his religion, while continuing to remind the reader of the goodness of the Christian characters. The author makes frequent references and quotes key passages from the play.

From the Paper
"Written sometime between 1596 and 1598, The Merchant of Venice is classified as both an early Shakespearean comedy and as a problem play; it is a work in which good triumphs over evil, but serious themes are examined and some issues remain unresolved. Specifically, anti-Semitism is woven throughout the play through the interactions of Shylock and the Christians around him. Due to the wave of anti-Jewish sentiment in late sixteenth century England , Shakespeare's audiences were familiar with the staging of stereotypical evil Jews."

Tags:english, jew, england, flesh, pound