Abstract This paper discusses the rise of anti-Americanism in recent years. The author demonstrates that while these anti-Americanism feelings are not entirely new, events in the last two decades, such as the collapse of the World Trade Center, the invasion of Afghanistan and the Abu Ghraib Prison scandal, amongst others, have lead to the rise of anti-American feelings. The reputation of America as a unilateral and power hungry nation has also been reinforced abroad through events such as these. The paper examines the prevailing causes to this rising tide of anti-Americanism and tries to find out if a proper course of correction can be determined.
Ouline:
The Issue - How Should the U.S Deal with rising anti-Americanism Background
What Policy Options Do We Have
Prognosis for the Future
From the Paper " The collapse of the World Trade Center, the invasion of Afghanistan, the extended terms of detention at Guaantonimao Bay, the American Lead toppling of the Iraqi regime, and the Abu Grade Prison scandal. Each of these events has left a far-reaching impact on the persona of the United States abroad. The course of action that followed the events of September 11, 2001 was a continuation down the road of American power and unilateralism. The after effects of these actions have left a serious rift in Alliances between some of America's oldest and greatest allies and cast a dark shadow over America's image across the globe."
This paper discusses the anti-American attitude of Venezuelan President Hugo Chavez toward the United States and suggests alternatives for resolving this problem.
Abstract This paper explains that corruption and dissatisfaction with the Venezuela democratic government brought Hugo Chavez to power. The author underscores that, because of Chavez's hostility towards the United States and the dependency of the U.S. on Venezuelan oil, an alternative to the current state of affairs between the US and Venezuela must be developed. The paper explores several possible alternatives to the current state of affairs between Venezuela and the United States, all carry differing costs and benefits the United States. These include using an oil embargo against Venezuela, which would severely affect the popularity of Chavez's government by cutting the funding for several of his popular social programs, developing anti-Chavez, pro-U.S. sentiment in the region of Latin America in an effort to use multilateral cooperation to control Chavez and his foreign policy agendam, and ignoring Chavez's anti-U.S. rhetoric and developing bilateral relations dealing with several issues of mutual concern. The paper concludes that the best alternative is using multilateral support to control Chavez, which has both the greatest benefit and the lowest cost and could help U.S. and Latin American relations in the future.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
History
Development of Alternative Approaches
Cost Benefit Analysis of Alternatives
Recommendation and Justification
Executive Summary
From the Paper "Costs to developing this alternative are relatively few and would only significantly affect American policy in the Latin American region with relatively little impact on domestic issues. While the turbulent history of U.S.-Latin American relations have led to a large amount of hostility and suspicion on the part of Latin American governments towards any American involvement in the region, such a low opinion of the United States must change in order to develop the regional support necessary to control Chavez."
Tags: dependency oil anti-american rhetoric, multilateral support
Abstract The communist revolution in China crystallized and intensified the hostility between Washington and Peking. This was because the Americans had supported the Nationalist regime of Chiang Kai Shek, who had alienated the Chinese masses. The corruption of Chiang, therefore, had played a big role in fuelling the momentum of the communist revolution, which had no choice but to take on an anti-American disposition. The Korean War, which followed subsequently, solidified the antagonism between Chinese communism and the United States.
Abstract This paper discusses the United Nation's need to change or risk being a useless organization. It looks at how the basic philosophy of the United Nations is anti-American and how the United Nations is biased toward the countries that are anti-communist. In addition, the link between rogue states, terrorism, and terrorist leaders with the United Nations is discussed, showing that the United Nations supports terrorists in some ways. The fact that the United Nations has failed to prevent and has provoked more than one hundred wars throughout the world since its inception is also shown in the report. This report also looks at the United Nations charter and how it misleads one to believe that it is advocating peace when, in fact, it is a blueprint for war. A final subject examined by this report is the different actions that can be taken to improve the idea of the United Nations, as well as the organization as a whole.
The UN Was Founded by Communists
The UN's Basic Anti-American Philosophy
All General Secretaries of the UN Have Been Socialist One-Worlders
The United Nations Supports Terrorists
The United Nations Does Not Settle Disputes
The United Nations is Really a War Organization
Proposal
Changing from the Charter Up
Reforming the Security Council
Noble Efforts, Futile Actions
A United Nations to Serve ALL not ONE
End Terrorist Ties
From the Paper "Here is a trivia question. Are the following events promoting peace and freedom? The year is 1961 in Belgium's former colony in Africa known as the Belgian Congo. Belgium had granted independence to its colony. A Moscow-trained communist named Patrice Lumumba Gained control of the newly formed government. Lumumba and his communist allies immediately began a brutal consolidation of power. In response, Moise Tshombe, the pro-Western, anti-communist black leader of the Congo's province of Katanga, seceded and declared his region an independent nation."
Tags: organization, world, peace, international, law, general, assembly, secretary
Abstract Examines anti-American hatred of many Islamic States of the world. Offers various explanations as to why anti-American animosity has developed. The threat of modernity and secularization posed by the U.S. to Muslims. The Persian Gulf War. American support for Israel. View of Islamic fundamentalists and extremists that the U.S. is "Satan."
From the Paper "An Exploration of Muslim Animosity Toward the U.S.
The events of September 11, 2001, served to confirm what American government officials and many private citizens have long recognized: within the Islamic States of the world, there are many, many Muslims whose feelings toward the United States can only be described as hatred, contempt, and disgust. The question to be considered in this report is why this anti-American animosity has developed. Various explanations have been offered, among which are the belief that America has unfairly supported Israel and ignored the interests of the Palestinians (Sheler, 2001).
Other explanations of this phenomenon have been discussed by Sultan Shahin (1995) who argues that Islam views the West as an excessively secular civilization in which genuine religious feeling ..."
Abstract This paper summarizes the debate between the Federalists and Anti-federalists of the constitutional congress. It suggests some ongoing problems in American public life which demonstrate the main issues which drove that debate, far from being resolved during the constitution's ratification, continue to resonate in current events. This paper discusses the Ratification Debate and the major issues which drove the debate between the Federalists and the Anti-federalists: Distribution of power, protection of rights, limitations of institutions and the ongoing Relevance.
From the Paper "In the last few days of September in 1787, the Confederation Congress met to debate and construct a new Constitution of the United States. The document they wrote and sent for ratification to the thirteen states that made up the newly-formed country was intended to replace the Articles of Confederation that had ordered the nation since its inception. The nation was reaching a crisis point, as the experiment had been going poorly. Surprisingly, perhaps, the problem was not one of the many possible economic problems that new nations are likely to experience when reconstructing after a long and difficult war. As Gordon Wood (1969) argues, the general economy was running well and people felt comfortable and even prosperous (p. 395). Rather, the concerns that brought the nation's leading politicians together were primarily political. "
Abstract This paper examines how the United States of America has become a symbol of freedom to the rest of the world and how people from nations everywhere come to the country in pursuit of the ?American Dream?. It discusses how, once a major target of anti-Semitism, American Jews have truly established themselves in this nation and have even earned the respect and acceptance of many. In particular, it looks at how this assimilation of Jews into American society has caused a substantial increase in intermarriage, but ironically, increasing the possibility of destroying what is left of Jewish identity and unity.
From the Paper "As Jewish immigrants moved to the United States, they quickly adapted to an American way of life while still sustaining a strong commitment to their Jewish culture. "Most new arrivals were committed to retaining their distinctiveness and their sense of Jewish peoplehood" (Feagin 123). However, second-generation Jews became more influenced by pressures of assimilation; they did not have as strong of a tie to Judaism as their parents had because they were born in America. The media and the public schools made it easy for them to pick up the English language and American values, and they quickly became the rope in a tug of war between their parents and a dominating American culture (Feagin 123). Many second-generation Jewish women were pressured by society to reject their mothers? image of "poverty and strong-woman reality" and instead assume the more lady-like, devoted-housewife qualities of that time (Feagin 124)."
A look at the 1940s fiasco of the Hollywood Ten, in which ten prominent figures in the film business were blacklisted for supposed anti-American views.
Abstract This paper examines how the late 1940s proved to be an interesting time in American history. It looks at how a new threat arose against the U.S. government as American communists began spying for the Soviet Union. In particular, it explores how J. Edgar Hoover and the Federal Bureau of Investigation began to look into the mass media to find supposed Communist views, focusing on the film industry, and how, in 1947, the House Un-American Activities Committee under the leadership of a certain J. Parnell Thomas, held a hearing in which ten of Hollywood's premier film makers, actors, and producers were found to hold anti-American Communist views in their works. These Hollywood members became known as "The Hollywood Ten".
From the Paper "In order to single out supposed Communist members in Hollywood, the FBI devised certain set of criteria to determine if films contained anti-American views. Films were labeled subversive if ?Values or institutions judged to be particularly American are smeared or represented as evil in the movie, either explicitly or through casual references to current political events,? or if ?Values or institutions judged to be particularly anti-American or pro-Communist are glorified in the movie, either explicitly or through casual references to current political events (Noakes 5).? According to John Noakes, an assistant professor of sociology at Franklin and Marshall College, ?In four reports submitted between August 7 and November 17, 1947, the Los Angeles field office sent FBI headquarters reviews of seventeen movies released between 1943-1948 that it determined were subversive based on the MPAPAI criteria. "
Abstract Economics is oftentimes shaped by societal conditions and political decisions. Such is the case with business operations in the United States. Antitrust laws have gradually emerged to reflect the values and perspectives of American society. This paper presents a discussion of the historical context of anti-trust laws, an examination of individual antitrust laws and amendments and an overview of the implications such regulations have had on specific companies.
From the Paper "Just as the Sherman Antitrust Act affected some businesses, so too did the Clayton Act, its amendments, and the FTC. In the Standard Oil Co. of California and Standard Stations, Inc. versus the U.S. suit, the court declared the companies' tying agreements a violation of the Clayton Act and therefore illegal as they restricted free commerce. A similar decision was made regarding IBM after it was uncovered that the corporation required buyers of its computers to also purchase its brand-name punch cards (Dolan, 1983, pp. 253 & 254). A breach of the Celler-Kefauver Anti-merger Act was cited in a case involving Von's Grocery Company. The court ruled its merger with Shopping Bag Food Stores a violation of the Celler-Kefauver Anti-merger Act in that such an action decreased competition, albeit modestly (Dolan, pp. 252 & 253)."
Abstract This paper explores the philosophical divide that separated the federalists and anti-federalists. The paper discusses to what extent the powers of the central government must be limited.
From the Paper "The merits of the new American Constitution were presented and defended by Publius in "The Federalist Papers" written during Hampsher-Monk. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay alternatively assumed the role of Publius and together rebutted criticisms made of the Constitution by other American patriots. The men who opposed the Constitution's unconditional ratification became ..."
Tags: thomas jefferson, alexander hamilton, federalist papers, anti-federalists, constitution, bill of rights
This paper takes a strong stance that both North American leaders and its people did little to aid the numerous Jewish refugees fleeing from Nazi Germany and Austria during WWII.
Abstract The author argues in this paper that one of the great moral blights on the face of Canada and the United States is their failure to act effectively in the face of the horror that Nazi Germany perpetrated against Jews before and during World War II. The author further states that both countries during this period were marked by vitriolic anti-Semitism and goes on to analyze the question of what the leaders of the United States and Canada stood for by refusing to consider the pleas of Jewish refugees for protection.
From the Paper "Within the government of Canada after the Liberal's accession to power in 1935, the Immigration Branch had been shuttled into the Department of Miner and Resources, under minister Frederick Charles Blair. The Immigration Branch was nominally headed by Thomas Creara, but effectively Blair gave the commands to Creara, and Blair was a rule-bound bureaucrat who firmly believed in protecting Canada from refugees, a group that to him meant Jews. (Abella & Troper, 7-8) Blair was anti-Semitic, a man of almost unbounded contempt for Jews, although he insisted in remarkable self-serving statements that he was innocent of all such sentiments and that his refusal to accommodate refugees was actually favorable to Jews, since they would only be despised by the Canadian populace (Abella & Troper, 8-9)."
Tags:anti-Semitic world war II, immigration Roosevelt Nazi
Abstract The paper explains the principles of the Bush Doctrine and the policy of preemption that was essentially the response of the Bush administration to the attacks of 9/11. The paper looks at the arguments of supporters of the Bush doctrine but then explores the position of opponents as well. The paper discusses the rise of anti-Americanism, the contentions that Bush disregards the will and needs of the states he has invaded, the fact that democratization is not working and the lack of evidence about weapons of mass destruction at the start of the second Iraq war.
From the Paper "The terrorist attacks of 9/11 were a defining moment in both American foreign policy and the lives of millions of people. The lives that were claimed by the attacks have left thousands and thousands of family members and an entire nation grieving. The attacks that were immediately condemned throughout the world were regarded as the beginning of the war on terrorism in the United States where President George W. Bush announced America was ready to fight back. The "Bush doctrine" as American foreign policy has been called, is essentially the response of the Bush administration to the attacks of 9/11. Initially, it was used to describe the invasion of Afghanistan, but was later broadened as to encompass the famous "policy of preemption" which was claimed to operate on various levels."
A comparison of the views of Samuel Huntington in "The Clash of Civilizations" and Ussama Makdisi in "Anti-Americanism in the Arab World: An Interpretation of a Brief History."
Abstract This paper discusses sources of conflict in the 21st century. It compares the views of Samuel Huntington in "The Clash of Civilizations" and Ussama Makdisi in "Anti-Americanism in the Arab World: An Interpretation of a Brief History." The paper concludes that Esposito and Makdisi illustrate the sources of conflict that are at the root of global terrorism: colonialism and imperialism.
From the Paper "Still, Esposito and Makdisi illustrate the sources of conflict that are at the root of global terrorism: colonialism and imperialism. The domination of the East by the West has led to mutual mistrust. Disparities between rich and poor countries are leading to unlikely alliances between Western nations like Venezuela and Eastern ones. Transcending cultural differences, nations that form political alliances for economic reasons often do so out of necessity: to thwart the power so heavily vested in the wealthy G8 nations. With such political clout, the G8 nations can influence global political and economic affairs in ways poorer nations cannot. Huntington's view that culture clash is the main source of global conflict in the 21st century seems narrow-minded and naive when compared with Esposito's and Makdisi's more thorough investigation of the reasons for anti-Americanism and anti-Islamism. The conflict between East and West is real; the political imbroglios that surface such as September 11 show how important culture clash between West and East is. However, economic and political ideologies will remain central factors in the future history of the world."
Abstract This paper briefly describes the beginnings of the American economy, explaining that it has almost always been based on big business, and then takes a look at the evolution of the American economy in more recent times. The paper discusses the development of micro and macroeconomics and its influence on the American economy as well as the influence of Japan's economic strength and the role of financial institutions in America. The paper also discusses the general state of the American economy today and what the future holds for the economy, explaining that while there is no guarantee, America's economy in the future looks strong.
From the Paper "It is an arguable fact that the initial American economy was built by outsiders....The Irish built the canals and tall new buildings and roads. The Chinese helped build transcontinental railroads. But, without entrepreneurs, some legitimate, some not, all this labor would have gone to waste. There were no true business giants in the rest of the world to compare with the Rockefellers, Morgans, Carnegies and Fords. Yet, the pioneers who settled this country now sat back and let hired imported cheap labor do much of the work. The American economy, as the 20th Century began, created an ever-widening gulf between the Have's and the Have-Nots. There was little sympathy for Communism as the voice of exploited workers. People like Eugene V. Debs and Norman Thomas developed Socialist political parties, but the were a distinct minority. Unions, on the other hand, began to flourish, and with them came the strong and powerful union leadership which, after World War II deteriorated into the same greedy, power-mad elite that they had organized to fight."
Abstract This essay argues that Ernest Hemingway's "The Sun Also Rises" is anti-Semitic in terms of its treatment of the character Robert Cohn. Cohn is painted in a negative light and none of the characters like him. Cohn is the anti-hero, yet he has Jewishness intentionally imposed upon him. In this respect, "The Sun Also Rises" involves anti-Semitism.
