Abstract
Long thought of as a simple conjuring trick, an optical illusion, or something only deep meditation could bring about, levitation is now gaining validation and respect as a legitimate scientific event. Researchers in the field of levitation are now discovering that levitation is brought about by certain magnetic forces which are focused through the use of a human conduit or "antenna." This paper looks at techniques for achieving levitation and the scientific principles behind the phenomenon.

Abstract
This paper explains that RFID chips can be attached, often without notice, to all sorts of products, such as clothing and books, and can be use to monitor and control the supply chain in ways similar to the bar code, which the RFID is being developed to replace. The author points out that some examples of the consumer use of the RFID are in a library where the reader need only to walk in front of a shelf and can immediately see on a screen a list of all the books and their contents. For another example, parents in amusement parks can locate their children by putting a RFID on their children and then locating them on a special "kidspotter" map of the park. The paper stresses that, despite the clear advantages of RFID, there is a concern among privacy activists because RFID tags, so small that they can go undetected, can be embedded in any product or article of clothing and even under the skin of a person and then can be used to record information about their activities, tracking anyone with a tag on them.

Table of Contents
History
Beneficial Social Impact
Deleterious Social Impact or Potentially Dangerous Social Impact
Personal Privacy
Information Security
Analysis of Social Impact
Future Impact of the Technology

From the Paper
"While in the 1980's RFID was primarily used for commercial applications, the 1990s saw RFID enter the consumer market. Toll systems throughout the US and Europe became widespread and started gaining major use. Toll systems were adopted by Kansas, Oklahoma, Georgia, Maine, and New York, Massachusetts, and quite a few other states. Standardization became a big issue with all these systems, leading to the Title 21 standard and the EZ-Pass Interagency Group, both of which were formed in an effort to provide consistent toll standards in different regions of the US. Payment and access systems were developed, such as the speedpass payment system used by Mobile gas stations, various skipass systems and gated community access setups. Automobile related RFID systems also were implemented in larger scale including remote entry and ignitions systems."

Tags:smart-cards, verification, security, undetected

Abstract
This paper discusses cell towers and antennas and questions their safety in the community. The paper confirms that the number of cell sites has increased over the years in proportion to the expanding number of subscribers. These tower structures are erected on various locations such as parks, schools and fire houses. The paper considers if these towers really put us at risk and states that according to the Food and Drug Administration Act, exposure to cellphone radiation on the ground is significantly weaker than exposure on the direct path of the transmitted signal of the antenna. This exposure is several thousand of times less than the minimum safety levels recommended by expert studies. Thus the paper confirms that civilian exposure to cellphone radiation is well within the safety margins.

From the Paper
"Electromagnetic radiation, composed of electric and magnetic energy moving at the speed of light, is the one feared by most people. The electromagnetic spectrum is a wide range of electromagnetic signals ranging from high-frequency x-rays and gamma rays to low-frequency radio waves. Your cellphone's electromagnetic radiation has a 3kHz-300GHz frequency. This falls just after the very low frequency like your computers and before or just the same frequency as your everyday microwave oven. And still the radiation coming from the sun poses more danger than your cellphone."

Tags:radiation, high-frequency, x-rays, gamma, rays, radio, waves

Abstract
The paper discusses how in recent years, the cable and satellite TV industries have transformed television as we know it. The paper describes how broadcast television first debuted at the New York World's Fair in 1939, and quickly began to make dramatic changes in the way people lived, worked, and spent their leisure hours. The paper then relates that by 1949, community antenna television, which was an early form of cable television, was sending broadcast signals to rural Pennsylvania and Oregon (Toto). The paper further relates that by the 1960's, most people had a choice of just three channels, but now it is commonplace to have a choice of hundreds of channels. The paper shows how this is thanks to the development of the cable and satellite industries.

From the Paper
"In recent years the cable and satellite industries have transformed television as we know it. Broadcast television first debuted at the New York World's Fair in 1939, and quickly began to make dramatic changes in the way people lived, worked, and spent their leisure hours. By 1949, community antenna television, which was an early form of cable television, was sending broadcast signals to rural Pennsylvania and Oregon (Toto). By the 1960's, most people had a choice of just three channels, but now it is commonplace to have a choice of hundreds of channels. This is thanks to the development of the cable and satellite industries. Thanks largely to..."

Tags:technology, cable, satellite

Abstract
The paper begins by explaining basically what radar is and for what it's used. Then the paper recounts the history of radar's development, both theoretically and practically. From the history of radar the paper returns to the question of how it works, but analyzes the physics in depth, and breaks down the operation of each of a radar system's components. The paper finishes with a review of modern applications of different types of radar systems.

Table of Contents:
The History of Radar
Robert H. Rines - American Father of Radar
How Radar Works
The Radar Transmitter System
The Oscillator
The Modulator
The Transmitter
The Antenna
Types of Radar
Simple Pulse Radar
Continuous Wave Radar
Phased-Array Radar
Secondary Radar
Modern Radar
References

From the Paper
"Parallel developments occurred in a number of countries. The highest frequency at which then-current technology allowed substantial power to be generated was about 30MHz, the top end of the HF band. UK radar development proceeded rapidly from 1935 so that by 1937 the first operational (HF) radars of the Chain Home series were demonstrated. These frequencies were in place at the outbreak of World War II and played a decisive role in the air defence of Britain during the War. Wartime radar development quickly moved on to shorter wavelengths as devices were developed to allow generation and control of the power, but the Chain Home radars remained in service, as originally installed. The Chain Home radars, operating between 25 to 30MHz, on occasions indicated returns from extreme ranges, due to ionospheric reflection beyond the horizon. But they were intended as line-of-sight radars and long-range returns from the distant ground via an ionospheric reflection were generally only a source of confusion. During the War some attempts were made to use the ionospherically propagated signal for long range detections of convoys but no success was achieved (or could be expected) and tests were dropped."

Tags:waves, electronics, mesaurment, ranging, detection

Abstract
The paper discusses how a Norwegian based company that manufactures antennas, masts, and power supplies can enter the US defense industry.

From the Paper
"Modern military uses of such products as antennas, antenna masts and power supplies for these communications, electronic warefare (EW) and surveillance applications, have increased dramatically in recent years. The antenna, antenna mast and power supply markets are clearly interrelated or interdependent with many, if not most, clients likely to purchase such products or systems firmly positioned within the military law enforcement or communications sectors. Modern uses of such materials present new challenges to product designers as well as marketers, specifically with..."

Tags:antenna industry, defense industry, market entry

Abstract
The paper explains how radio frequency identification (RFID) is an automatic identification method that relies on storing and remotely retrieving data using RFID tags, or transponders. The tags contain silicon chips and antennas that allow it to receive and respond to radio-frequency queries from an RFID transceiver. The paper discusses the history of RFID and the differences between semi-passive RFID tags and passive tags. The paper shows how the promise of being able to track product movement in real time is very appealing. The paper discusses how RFID-tagged items are better than bar-codes; they hold more information, can be read in bulk and do not require direct line of sight with the RFID reader to transfer information.

From the Paper
"The RFID predecessor dates back to 1945, when Leon Theremin invented an espionage tool for the Soviet government (RFID). Although this was a covert listening device and in an identification tag, it is the first known device and is considered a predecessor to RFID technology (RFID). The IFF transponder was invented by the British in 1939 and was used by the allies in World War II to identify airplanes (RFID). Harry Stockman, in his landmark 1948 paper, Communication by Means of Reflected Power, predicted that "considerable research and development work has to be done before the remaining basic problems in reflected-power communication are solved, and before the field of useful application is explored" (RFID). It took thirty years of advances in numerous fields before RFID became a reality (RFID)."

Tags:technology, tags, transponders, data

Abstract
This paper explains that the advantage of satellite technology over direct wire transmission is obvious: Satellites can transmit data at light speed anywhere on the planet without impractical and costly wiring. The author writes about three general types of satellites, classified by the type of orbit they follow: (1) Geosynchronous orbit, GEO, in which the satellite's orbit is synchronized with the rotation of the earth; (2) Medium earth orbit, MEO, which gets closer to the earth because it utilizes an elliptical orbit, and (3) Low earth orbit, LEO, the most recent type of satellite, which are located approximately 450 miles above the surface of the Earth, and can be used for portable phones with smaller antennas. The paper relates that the attributes of satellite systems make them valuable for varying internet applications, but the primary difficulty now is congestion and associated delays; however, when LEO satellites become more abundant and dependable, it is probable that the amount of internet traffic, which LEO satellites can handle, will increase.

From the Paper
"Fortunately, as the technologies improve-in both the internet and satellites-prices fall and these tools become more widely available. "Thanks to both the rapid deployment of the internet, and advances in satellite technology, the market for broadband satellite services is poised for substantial growth in the coming decade." Particularly, satellites in GEO orbits are being improved to be capable of relaying more information; with less latency and interference. Also, LEO satellites are being employed because they do not require the bulky equipment needed to improve the existing GEO satellites. Additionally, with the advent of dense wavelength division multiplexing along fiber optic cables, broadband capabilities should become exponentially greater."

Tags:leo, geo, internet, broadband, orbit

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the danger of the radiation emitted from a cell phone in use. According to the paper, some of the potential health hazards that may evolve from cell phone use include noise in the ear, memory loss, headaches, malignant brain tumors and DNA damage.

Outline:

I.The Silent Enemy
Cover-up?
Radiation
II.Concerns for All Ages
In Light on Concerns
III. The Big Question
The Privilege to Listen

From the Paper
"Even though cell phones and fortune cookies may not initially appear to have a common thread, the concept that connects them is that those who market cell phones, in a similar sense, do not usually consider what happens to those who purchase and use cell phones. In the study completed by Salford et al funded by a grant from the Swedish Council for Work Life Research. Completed during 2002, the authors examine potential risks of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields for the human body. Their previous studies posit ". . . weak pulsed microwaves give rise to a significant leakage of albumin through the blood-brain barrier."

Tags:radiation, transmitter, aerial, antenna, neuronal, damage, EMF, waves

Abstract
As technology becomes increasingly user-friendly and focused on the consumer, it is evident that users have become more dependent on wireless technological devices as mechanisms that promote convenience, survival and economic prosperity. This study demonstrates the absolute importance of personal and business forms of wireless technology in today's increasingly complex society. Various books, periodicals and research journal articles are used to summarize the history of communications leading up to the arrival of wireless technology and also provide a detailed description of the most commonly used wireless devices in personal and professional living. Furthermore, a list of common terms frequently used in wireless technology is addressed. In addition, personal experiences demonstrate the significance of wireless devices in daily living. Finally, the researcher provides an analysis of the future outlook for wireless technology and its continued significance in all areas of livelihood, particularly in advanced industrial countries. The paper includes tables.

Table of Contents:

Chapter 1: Introduction
The Problem
Purpose of the Study
Importance of the Study
Scope of the Study
Rationale of the Study
Definition of Terms
Overview of the Study

Chapter 2: Review of the Related Literature
Introduction
Origin of Wireless Networking Technology
What is Wireless Technology
Applications for Wireless Technology
Cellular Technology
Wireless Security
User Perceptions of Wireless Technology
The Future of Wireless Technology
The Impact of Wireless Technology on Global Communications
Summary of Chapter 2

Chapter 3: Methodology
Approach
Data Gathering Method
Database of Study
Validity of Data
Originality & Limitations of Data
Summary of Chapter 3

Chapter 4: Data Analysis
Data Analysis

Chapter 5: Summary, Conclusions and Recommendations
Summary
Conclusions
Recommendations
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Wireless networks provide users with an effective means of communication with a corporate network or a personal user interface in the home that permits access to the Internet through such devices as laptop computers, cellular phones, and personal digital assistants. Following the development of the IEEE 802.11b standard or WiFi (Wireless Fidelity), countless wireless network cards and wireless access points with data rates up to 54 million bits per second have been manufactured and marketed for sale across the globe (Blosser, 2002). In addition, cellular technology has developed 2.5G systems that add digital capability to existing digital systems. Finally, wireless local area networks (WLANs) are one of the fastest growing wireless segments in the industry. The IEEEE 802.11b WLAN connections are very common in home networking technologies and wireless Internet access points (Frenzel, 2002)."

Tags:antenna, Multi-modal, Interaction, Fuel, cell, MSC, Servers