Abstract
Horizontal violence basically is oppression which has its roots in oppression. The CNO (2006) defines horizontal violence in terms of antagonistic and passive-aggressive behaviors. This form of violence emerged in a profession that has lacked power so that nurses lacked autonomy and self-esteem, and then adopted the behaviors of the oppressors (Hurley, 2006). Horizontal violence can comprise infighting, excessive criticism, intimidation, humiliation, exclusion, denial of access to opportunity, withholding information, undermining, and sabotage as just a sampling of its characteristic behaviors (Hurley).

From the Paper
Horizontal violence in the nursing profession Horizontal violence basically is oppression which has its roots in oppression. The CNO (2006) defines horizontal violence in terms of antagonistic and passive-aggressive behaviors. This form of violence emerged in a profession that has lacked power so that nurses lacked autonomy and self-esteem, and then adopted the behaviors of the oppressors (Hurley, 2006). Horizontal violence can comprise infighting, excessive criticism, intimidation, humiliation, exclusion, denial of access to opportunity, withholding information, undermining, and sabotage as just a sampling of its characteristic behaviors (Hurley). Horizontal violence,

Tags:violence, nurses, resolution

Abstract
This paper explains that the antagonistic view regarding the phenomenon of Jihad is too shallow, inaccurate and unreasonable. The author explains that it is a grim fact that these views prevail as opposed to the true meaning of Jihad. Endnotes.

From the Paper
"The inception of every single religion has experienced forces working against its expansion. Consequently, there have been instances where most major religions have had to use force in order to survive, prevail or exist at all for that matter. We can look up the Christian crusades or the Samurai war crimes or the Six-day war between Israel and the Arabs or even the kamikaze pilots of the Shinto faith and the list goes on and on. Although we cannot discount the political and social undercurrents involved in these wars, anyone with little common sense can arrive at the conclusion that the core basis of these wars was religion. Islam is no exception in this regard. History, especially from the western perspective is riddled with the Muslim conquests of Spain and India. Islam (at least in the west) has been labeled as the modern version of barbarianism. This dim sightedness is a result of several factors originating from the Muslims themselves and eventually developing into the increasingly popular concept that Islam in essence is the Mecca of le diable a quatre. If we take a closer look at the Muslim warfare, one word that comes up every time is Jihad. "

Tags:islam, jahada, muhammed, arab, muslim, religion, non, violent

Abstract
This essay describes the younger twin brother's dual role as both protagonist and antagonist in the Grimm brothers' fairy tale, "The Two Brothers". The paper also notes the moral split between the twins.

From the Paper
"Grimm's tale 'The Two Brothers' is a convoluted treatise on the merits of traditional Christian values that is narrated in a startlingly dark manner. This elaborate fairy tale is unique in that it features a main character that functions both as secondary protagonist and primary antagonist. Via effective utilization of the fable's younger twin brother as initial hero and eventual foil, the Grimm brothers condemn the conventionally Christian vices of wealth-seeking..."

Tags:Grimm Brothers, protagonist, antagonist, fairy tale

Abstract
This paper provides an essay on Henry James' novel "Washington Square", arguing that Dr. Townsend is the main antagonist in the novel and that Catherine is not only the protagonist but the most genuinely admirable character in the work.

From the Paper
"Naive, genuine and sheltered by her father, it is readily apparent that Catherine Sloper is the protagonist of Henry James' critique of the upper-classes in "Washington Square". Catherine ultimately gains control over her life despite her father's tyranny and control, her aunt's meddling and the materially-based aims of a handsome scoundrel named Morris Townsend. In choosing an antagonist, one must ultimately select Dr. Townsend, since despite his aims in protecting Catherine, he is more interested in protecting the family's fortune and uses her more..."

Tags:fortune hunter, naivete, innocence, family, upper-classes, culture, patriarchy

Abstract
The paper analyzes the article "Small-Molecule MDM2 Antagonists Reveal Aberrant p53 Signaling in Cancer: Implications for Therapy" and explains the conclusions reached by the authors. The paper is of the opinion that the conclusions may have been slightly optimistic. The paper outlines the method used by the study discussed in the article and notes several limitations of the study.

Outline:
Summary
Method

From the Paper
"The main focus of the article is around the protein murine double minute 2 (MDM2). MDM2 is a negative regulator of the p53 tumour suppressor protein. This is done through three mechanisms. Firstly, MDM2 binds at the p53 transactivation site and blocks its activation of transcription initiation [1]. Secondly, it participates in the nuclear export of p53 [1]. Thirdly, it serves as a ubiquitin ligase, promoting the degradation of p53. When p53 is activated, it can bring a halt upon the cell cycle and cause apoptosis [1]. This is very important as p53 acts as a transcription factor, the inactivation of which halts cellular apoptosis. In approximately half of all tumours that are malignant, p53 is perminantly disabled or deleted. However, in the other 50% of mutated cells, p53 simply remains inactive the misexpression of MDM2, which interferes with the proper functions of p53 [1]. So the object of the article is that disruption or inhibition of the MDM2-p53 interaction may correct p53 functioning and serve as a form of cancer therapy, such as suppression of tumour growth. Subsequently the problem that the authors tackle with is how to inhibit the actions of MDM2."

Tags:nutlin, cells, mice, tumors

Abstract
The question whether homework is beneficial has both supporters and antagonists. Research seems to show that the elementary school homework assignments are far from productive compared to those given to high school students. There are many studies also about the amount of homework to be assigned, and whether, at a given point, too much homework is actually counter-productive.

From the Paper
IS HOMEWORK BENEFICIAL? Education should not end when the end of the day classroom bell rings. There are many educators and parents who realize that it will help children if they have something to do when they return home. Homework is merely an extension of the desire of educators to give students a better opportunity to succeed. It should not be considered an inconvenience or a burden. Nevertheless, there are arguments whether homework is really beneficial, or whether every school child should be given some sort of homework. "A study a few years ago called homework the most haphazard educational

Tags:homework, multi, tasking, high school

Abstract
The paper discusses that the novel, "Grendel", is a retelling of the Anglo-Saxon epic Beowulf from the perspective of the antagonist i.e. Grendel. The paper says that the 1971 novel by John Gardner follows the life of Grendel but at the same time attempts to construct a deeper subtext by tackling issues such as the quest for meaning in the world, the purpose of man, and the fight between good and evil. The paper further states that the philosophical content of Grendel is undeniable; Grendel follows the changes that occur inside of him, and in doing so, formulates intelligent commentaries as to the two main perspectives on the world and the purpose of humanity, determinism and existentialism. The paper also states Grendel's war on mankind is waged as a result of his encounter with the dragon whose nihilistic view deeply influences Grendel. Grendel now feels enraged by the romantic view that the Danes have on the world, and their history of braveness and courage. The paper asserts the thesis that Grendel is an existentialist who tries to provide meaning to his life in an environment that is hostile to him.

From the Paper
"Grendel is an existentialist who tries to derive meaning from the world around him. Gardner himself explained, "What Grendel does is take, one by one, the great heroic ideals of mankind since the beginning and make a case for these values by setting up alternatives in an ironic set of monster values. I hate Existentialism." (Morace; Van Spanckeren: 67). Grendel starts out as a nihilist for whom everything is meaningless and devoid of real value. However, he yearns for meaning. His revolt is interior because he does not see himself as important since he in only an animal. Moreover, he gets angry at the sky for "ignoring" him. This is a stage of deep confusion for Grendel who is torn between his feeling that nothing is truly of importance in the world, and the awareness that no matter how many men he kills, he cannot break their spirits as they continue to rebuilt their castle. His inability to destroy their faith and morale angers him."

Tags:humanity, determinism, existentialism

Abstract
The paper summarizes the article "In Vivo Activation of the p53 Pathway by Small-Molecule Antagonists of MDM2" and its study of the MDM2 protein which strongly binds to, and modulates the activity of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. The paper describes the methods and testing used and posits that the methods were relative to the objective and were properly carried out. The paper therefore agrees with the conclusion reached by the article and concludes that this is indeed a promising treatment should it be proven that suppression of MDM2 activity in p53 proteins may lead to the reduction of tumors in humans and animals.

Outline:
Summary
Method

From the Paper
"The main focus of the article is around the MDM2 protein which strongly binds to, and modulates the activity of the p53 tumour suppressor protein by an autoregulatory feedback loop. This is done through three mechanisms. Firstly, MDM2 binds at the p53 transactivation site and blocks its activation of transcription initiation. Secondly, it participates in the nuclear export of p53. Thirdly, it serves as a ubiquitin ligase, promoting the degradation of p53. When p53 is activated, it can bring a halt upon the cell cycle and cause apoptosis."

Tags:MDM2, inhibitors, Nutlin, mice

Abstract
This paper discusses and analyzes the famous fictional detective created by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, Sherlock Holmes, and the belief, held by many critics, that the character of Holmes was based on an actual acquaintance of Doyle. Through an examination of some of Doyle's Sherlock Holmes mysteries, the method Holmes used to solve crimes, the antagonists in the stories and the character of Sherlock Holmes, the paper explains just why many critics believe that Doyle based the character of Sherlock Holmes on one of his true life doctor friends.

From the Paper
"Sherlock Holmes, while not the first popular fictional detective (that honor surely goes to Poe's Arsene Lupin) was surely the character that has outlasted the Victorian times in which his adventures were first written by Arthur Conan Doyle. What makes the character still so viable, including the popular movies of the 1930s and 1940s with Basil Rathbone as Holmes and Nigel Bruce as Dr. Watson, and the popular British television series featuring the late Jeremy Brett as Holmes; is that this is not "find the murderer" as in the stories of Dashiell Hammett and Ellery Queen and Agatha Christie (among others), but a series of deductive reasonings, focusing on facts the police overlooked or disregarded. In Holmes stories, including "The Blanched Soldier", and "The Sign of the Four", Holmes is quoted as saying "When you have eliminated the impossible, whatever remains, however improbable, must be the truth." Unlike many modern mysteries there is neither a "red herring" nor what Alfred Hitchcock referred to as a "Maguffin"- a somewhat obvious but, in the end, misleading clue. There is seldom a twist or quirk in the Holmes stories. And, there is seldom even violence or confrontation between Holmes and "the guys who done it"."

Tags:original, joseph, bell, doctors, deducing, surgery, reichenbach, falls, edinburgh, villains

Abstract
This paper explains that, unlike other ?law-centered? societies, Islamic law is neither a remnant of history nor ancient origins revisited, but rather an intricate, multi-threaded cluster of thoughts and actions, which the Islamic persons shaped and customized as they opposed and accepted Euro-American colonial endeavors. The author points out that, in Islamic systems, religion plays a vital part so that these countries are categorized as theocratic states; whereas, the majority of English-speaking nations, such as the U.S., England, Australia, and New Zealand, are characterized by a tough antagonistic structure, wherein lawyers deduce, and judicial functionaries are compelled by example. The paper relates that Islamic law, called Shariah law, is all-pervading in governing a person in almost every aspect of daily life.

From the Paper
"Islamic legal system is not a legal system, like the Korean or Indonesian legal system, but instead a legal custom, akin to the common or civil law custom. A legal tradition is a package of identical beliefs, attitudes, and practices relating to the required segments of a legal system, inclusive of the extent and rationale of the law, the way in which regulations are built or explored, the characteristics and function of legal performer and the way in which the law is imbibed, executed, developed and modified. Similar to the common law and civil law traditions, Islamic law does not subsist in a clean form anywhere, but impacts in varying quantities in diverse manner several domestic legal systems of the world."

Tags:euro-american, colonial, antagonistic, shariah, hadd