Abstract
This essay outlines the need for amendments in current British law regarding the anonymity of parties involved in sexual offense cases. The author of the paper argues that the law should be amended to either grant anonymity to the defendant and the complainant, or that neither the complainant nor the accused should have rights to anonymity.

From the Paper
"Steady streams of men are accused and subsequently shown to be innocent, yet their reputations and careers have nevertheless been ruined. Celebrities who have been named and subsequently cleared of sex crimes are among the most ardent campaigners for anonymity: Neil and Christine Hamilton have been particularly vocal on the anonymity issue since they were arrested and questioned over the false sexual assault claims of Nadine Milroy-Sloan, in August 2001 Former MP Neil Hamilton promised he would leave no stone unturned in his quest to discourage an epidemic of false sex offence allegations."

Tags:accused, allegation, media, restriction, identification, committed, conviction, equality

Abstract
The paper relates that Alfred Russel Wallace was largely responsible for the idea of natural selection that was to lead to Darwin's theory of evolution. The paper considers why he has received so little acclaim after his death and why he is not well known today. The paper explains that, unlike Darwin, he was not part of the privileged class of the society of the time and did not enter into the world of science through the ordinary and conventional avenues. The paper argues that his contribution to science was significant and creative, but also unconventional.

From the Paper
"The central point that is being made is that Wallace did not enter into the world of science through the ordinary and conventional avenues. This was to result in the fact that he became a scientist who was not tied to the normative and rigid conventions of the time. While to a certain extent this relegated him to the periphery of the formal scientific community, the argument could also be made that this fact made him a much better scientist in that his vision or view of scientific reality was more open-ended and not determined by any slavish adherence to conventional scientific norms. For example, his background and eclectic knowledge led him to develop an interest and expertise in botany, geology, and astronomy."

Tags:natural, selection, evolution, Darwin

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the wonders of modern technology, focusing primarily on e-mail and IM, discussing the impact it has had on our lives. According to the paper, e-mail and IM not only draws us closer together, but also erects strange new barriers between us. This technology possesses the potential to isolate each of us within our own cocoons of created personality. The paper further discusses how the anonymity of those using these technologies also paves the way for potential abuse.

From the Paper
"Groups bent on bigotry and social disruption can spread their messages quite easily in cyberspace. E-mail can be used to provide children, teens, and adults with false information; information that these individuals may not realize is inaccurate, or wholly incorrect; designed only to insight. The anonymity of the Net makes it is a simple matter for the organizations that disseminate these messages to keep their true identities and bases of operation secret. In addition, the fact that their communications are "one-on-one" - direct from themselves to their audience - abrogates the possibility of moderating influences in the form of other, more knowledgeable, individuals. Again, teenagers are especially open to this kind of manipulation. Criminals may attempt to recruit them into gangs, sending out IM's or e-mails that glorify their activities, or message. Parents may be unaware of cyber conversations being carried on by their children. Sometimes, e-mail and IM users are coerced by the very information they send and receive online. "

Tags:electronic, communication, dialogue, cyberspace, internet, cellphone

Abstract
The paper discusses how Alcoholics Anonymous has been an organization that has provided a beginning for many alcoholics to end their abuse of alcohol. The paper describes how across the country there are hundreds of branches where individuals can become members merely because they have a desire to stop drinking. Although each website visited may present the Alcoholics Anonymous Program in varying ways, the foundation of each program is the same.

From the Paper
"Behavioral Medicine Associates (n.d.) contends that locating an initial AA meeting that will serve the needs of the individual can be a difficult task. This is because there are a number of different types of meetings, as well as both open and closed meetings ("Your"). Open meetings refer to initial AA meetings where alcoholics, family and friends may be allowed to enter. Closed meetings are strictly for members of AA."

Tags:alcoholics, anonymous, program

Abstract
This paper explains that there are benefits and disadvantages for both full and anonymous disclosure, depending on the specific situation. The author points out that disclosure involves certain exclusions and exemptions from the usual principle of confidentiality. The paper relates that, without full disclosure, a person may never obtain the help he need and other individuals may be placed at risk; therefore, full disclosure can be therapeutic and leads to therapy and healing. The author also stresses that anonymous disclosure can be more appropriate because of culture and stigma; however, the risks and dangers can outweigh the benefits. The paper underscores that debate between the use of full or anonymous disclosure requires a careful risk-benefits analysis.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Full Disclosure versus Anonymous Disclosure
HIV and Disclosure
Child Abuse and Disclosure

From the Paper
"The immediate goals then are to have the person use safe sex and ensure that the partner is tested. If the person does not agree to make full disclosure, then this is a situation where the health care provider is exempt from normal principles of confidentiality. The reason is that public health is at risk and other people's lives are being endangered. The process to be followed is to attempt to influence the person to disclose; if attempts at influence fail, then notify the authorities; and, if there is no action on the art of authorities, inform the endangered person of the issue."

Tags:confidentiality, risk-benefits, partner, authorities, secrecy

Abstract
This paper explains that Alcoholics Anonymous promotes the idea that alcoholism is a disease, but some professionals have issues with this concept because they argue that this premise means that a person is not responsible for their own drinking behavior. The author points out that some critics of Alcoholics Anonymous argue that group members are so involved with AA that they have substituted the group for alcohol, but the dependence usually diminishes as the alcoholic finds more self-esteem and has a longer time in sobriety. The paper reviews the now popularized element of Alcoholics Anonymous that sobriety, or any difficult task, must be faced "one day at a time".

From the Paper
"Alcoholics Anonymous was created for every person who finds him or herself in need of help to quit drinking. The premise of AA is that it should be available to everyone and that it should exclude no one. Requesting funding is strictly against the AA guidelines. One of the most important aspects of AA is that group members are asked to tell their story to other members. The feeling that you are not alone is powerful to many alcoholics. Group members share their experiences and give hope to others who can see no way out of their alcoholism. This hope feeds many group members and some who hear it, may find the strength needed to change their life (Smith, 1993). Group therapy is used for many kinds of problems that people encounter and the similarities in situations create a bond between group members."

Tags:group, free, disease, spiritual, twelve-steps

Abstract
In this article, the writer first explains that the Anonymous Airlines Call Centre is the department of Anonymous Airlines responsible for taking calls for international and domestic flight booking as well as helping customers who may have problems booking a flight on the airline's website. The writer maintains that there are some areas where efficiency or effectiveness could be improved. The writer discusses that the bureaucratic as well as administrative schools of management thought both contain ideas that could improve efficiency or effectiveness. Other ideas of improving efficiency are the application of the administrative principles of discipline and order that could reduce the time and money spent on rule-violators who waste the company's time and money and could improve the organisation's resources. The writer concludes that the Anonymous Airlines Call Centre could improve both efficiency and effectiveness by applying the ideas from bureaucracy and the administrative theory of management.

From the Paper
"A hypothetical example of the unfair application of rules at the Anonymous Airlines Call Centre would be if they were to allow Americans to bend rules because they are more demanding. This favouritism towards Americans, or anyone else, by bending the rules for the mere reasons of demand and pressure is ineffective in displaying a fair reputation. In order to effectively uphold a fair reputation Call Centre staff should treat all customers equally. They should not give in to pressure from customers who demand more than the rules permit them to have. Applying the rules equally to everyone could improve effectiveness because it would show that Anonymous Airlines takes justice seriously."

Tags:organization, administrative, bureaucratic

Abstract
The writer describes a ninety-minute meeting of Alcoholics Anonymous, including its participants, methods, lack of membership and its Twelve Step program. The paper identifies the key components of the Twelve Step program and shows how Alcoholics Anonymous helps those who are struggling or who have struggled with the disease to accomplish several key goals.

From the Paper
"Alcoholics Anonymous describes itself as a "fellowship," rather than a club and does not charge any dues or fees ("Alcoholics Anonymous"). Moreover, members never officially join or register, preserving full anonymity. The lack of strict rules or regulations in Alcoholics Anonymous makes the group difficult to comprehend for outsiders expecting to analyze its structure or methods. Although meetings are often held in the public rooms of houses of worship and community centers, Alcoholics Anonymous states that the fellowship is "not allied with any sect, denomination, politics, organization or institution." The methods by which Alcoholics Anonymous helps its community seem rather vague and intriguing."

Tags:Twelve, Step, program, alcoholism, isolation, loneliness, substance, abuse

Abstract
This paper discusses Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and their twelve step program. The paper examines the different opinions of Neil J. Carr and Vince Fox who express different opinions about the effectiveness of Alcoholics Anonymous. The paper discusses the pros and cons of each of their points of view and then briefly looks at other organizations that mirror AA's beliefs.

From the Paper
"To be more specific, many AA meetings are mainly filled with men who are in the age bracket between 35-75 years old. Alcoholics were once viewed as uneducated, poor, old men. As we learn more about the disease we find out that alcohol affects every age, religion, sex, and race - it does not discriminate. You can not tell that a person is an alcoholic by looking at them. A thirty year old female doctor could be an alcoholic. If a person can get help by relating to someone of their own age, sex and religion, then it should be used to help them with any situation and that if breaking from the norms of AA to do this, and then it should be done. Alcoholism is cunning, baffling and powerful and it is very sad to watch anyone fall to this dreaded disease."

Tags:12 steps, Blue Book, AA

Abstract
This paper provides an insight into Alcoholics Anonymous, an international organization that was formed to help out individuals who have had drinking problems. It discusses how it is an example of a non-profit, non-professional organization, basically an organization that was formed to serve as a medium for individuals and people to have a ?helping hand. It describes its infamous Recovery Program and the Twelve Steps and examines how its success stems not from the organization, but from its members, who contribute their efforts in helping out troubled people deal with their dilemmas and difficulties.

From the Paper
"AA's programs are effective because of two important factors that all humans need in order to properly "psyche" themselves up in trying to absolve and give up drinking alcohol. One is the non- professional environment that the organization gives to its members. The lack of hierarchy within the organization, that is, there is no leaders in each group; responsibility of leadership is found and tasked in every member. Instead of a hierarchy, wherein members are found at the bottom of the spectrum and leaders at the highest spectrum, the AA organization is radially- structured, meaning, there are no leaders in it, but the members are distributed and the circle gets larger as more and more people join or get involved with the organization's programs."

Tags:program, twelve, steps, environment, cognitive, complexity, empathy, AA