Abstract This paper is a research project, which uses anomaly intrusion detection to determine if there are any abnormal patterns and, hence, intrusions in the provided log files. The author stresses that a statistics approach seems to be the easiest and most straightforward approach. The paper relates that a common practice in IDS software is to incorporate different techniques to detect intrusion so that other methods such as hierarchical clustering can still be included in the system to search for suspicious/ known data patterns such as viruses. The paper includes charts, graphs and a screen-shot.
From the Paper "Since we are not building a new system, we will try to implement and base the report on existing work. Viewing sequence algorithms for intrusion detection helps to determine which patterns look like patterns of intrusion. The statistics technique is discussed but will not be programmed at this current time. We will also attempt to show manually how this algorithm will detect the patterns using previous research as it correlates to this specific data using logs provided and some data mining algorithm."
Abstract This paper studies the concept of market efficiency as it applies to the United Kingdom. The paper begins with a definition of the Efficient Markets Hypothesis, followed by an analysis of anomalies to this concept. Empirical observations about the January effect and the weekend effect are offered. The paper concludes with a comparison between the concept of market efficiency in the UK and other European countries. Market Efficiency January Effect Weekend Effect Anomalies and the Efficiency Market
From the Paper "Market Efficiency could be defined as a concept of Efficient Markets Hypothesis. EMH follows that stock prices reflect information. The basic concept is that if markets are efficient then information of abnormal nature could be reflected simultaneously into the market. As a result of this effect, prices are also effected. On the other hand if markets are inefficient newly generated information will have a slower effect into the market thereby change in prices is also slow."
Abstract This paper thoroughly explains database normalization and views it as a series of steps designed to deal with ways in which tables can be more complicated than necessary. The paper contends that the purpose of normalization is to reduce the chances for anomalies to occur in a database.
From the Paper "In 1970, Dr. E.F. Codd's seminal paper "A Relational Model for Large Shared Databanks" was published in Communications of the ACM. This paper introduced the topic of data normalization, so-named because, at the time, President Nixon was normalizing relations with China. (Date, 1990)"
At first glance, Database normalization seems fairly simple. It's a technique used to ensure that there is only one way to know a fact. This is done by removing all structures that prove more than one way to know the same fact as represented in a database relation table. So, the goal of database normalization is to control and eliminate redundancy. One of the more complicated topics in the area of database management is the process of normalizing the tables in a relational database."
Abstract Many studies on the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) and portfolio management suggest that the majority of professional investment managers cannot regularly beat a buy-and-hold strategy on a risk-adjusted basis. This paper attempts to examine the critiques on the efficient market hypothesis and the trend of the investors, financial analysts and portfolio managers to gather information to obtain excess-return. It begins with a brief description of the efficient market hypothesis and an outline of the characteristics associated with it, followed by a brief description of the new critiques against this hypothesis. It also discusses the relevant patterns that predict an excess return adjusted to the risk as well as new strategies applied by the investors.
Outline
Introduction
Efficient Market Hypothesis
Under-Reaction to New Information
Technical Trading Rules
Contrarian Strategy
Seasonality Anomaly Predictable Patterns Based on Valuation Parameters
Book Value-Market Value Ratio
Initial Dividend Yields
Initial Price-Earnings Multiples
Predictable Patterns Based on Firm Characteristics
Insider Trading Abnormal Profit
Emerging Markets
Conclusion
From the Paper "New conditions to beat the efficient market hypothesis has supported the shift away from market performance theories, based purely on mathematical or logical bases, to psychology and economics that offer some predictable patterns. (Mills, Roger p.37)
In fact the investment analysis still play an important role in decision-making concerning the purchase and sale of ordinary shares.(Arnold and Moizer 1984 p.195) The survey conducted by Arnold and Moizer (1984) suggests that the analyst use a common general pattern to appraise the ordinary shares using fundamental analysis like primary analysis technique to indentify shares over/under-valued. The other techniques, like technical analysis and beta anlysis, have a different purpose. The former is to determine the timing of the purchase and the latter is to evaluate the performance of portfolio management.(Arnold and Moizer, p.205)"
Abstract This paper details the background to the "Overreaction Hypothesis" and places it in the context of studies in cognitive psychology. The paper also examines the extensive and disputed evidence as to the existence of an "overreaction effect" and whether the evidence is consistent with investor irrationality or can be explained by other factors. This methodology is primarily based on the original work of De Bondt and Thaler (1985).
From the Paper "The ability of financial markets to interpret information quickly and accurately has been the subject of considerable academic and professional debate for over thirty years. Initially, the Efficient Market Hypothesis (EMH) was widely accepted and any dissenting opinion was considered heretical. General acceptance of the hypothesis lead to a fundamental change in professional investor behaviour away from active investment management and towards passive investment management."
An examination and discussion of different theories proposed to explain clairvoyance, precognition, psychokinesis and other psi phenomena including electromagnetic radiation and quantum theory.
Abstract The strengths and weakness of various theories including extremely low frequency (ELF) electromagnetic radiation waves and quantum theory as it applies to psi are discussed. Also examined are the problems of scientific paradigm shifts and the possibility that the statistical evidence for psi activity is an "anomaly" in our current paradigm and a precursor to a paradigm shift.
From the Paper "Parapsychology occupies a unique position within the scientific realm. The results of the field are often considered invalid, fraudulent, or insignificant. Psi is often thought to be inconsistent with the current knowledge of physics. Despite the large body of statistical evidence for anomalous cognition, psi will not be widely accepted until a solid, testable physical theory is developed. Although the uncertainties and seemingly illogical consequences of quantum theory seem promising for the development of this sort of theory, as yet none exists."
Tags: elf, occult, paradigm, parapsychology, psychic, quantum, statistics, testing, theory
Abstract The paper gives a thorough description of the anomalies that can occur due to the maldevelopment of fetal tissues with the use and abuse of cocaine during pregnancy. It discusses malformations and medical procedures performed on fetuses and babies with certain malformations.
From the Paper "In order to understand the negative affects of cocaine on fetal development, you must first understand normal fetal development. Cocaine mostly affects central nervous system development and urogenital development, of which I will elaborate on the urogenital system. The terminal part of the hindgut in the fetus is the cloaca, which is lined with endoderm and is in contact with the surface ectoderm at the cloacal membrane. The cloaca receives the allantois. Between the allantois and the hindgut, the cloaca is divided into dorsal and ventral parts by a group of mesenchymal cells called the urorectal septum. This septum grows caudally towards the cloacal membrane, and extensions of the septum produce infoldings in the walls of the cloaca that eventually fuse together forming a partition. The cloaca is now divided into a ventral urogenital sinus and a dorsal rectum. The urogenital sinus is then divided into three parts: the vesical, pelvic, and phallic parts. The bladder develops from the vesical part and from parts of the mesonephric ducts and the urethra develops from the phallic part. The mesonephric ducts are incorporated into the wall of the bladder and a ureteric bud forms at the base of these ducts. From this bud the ureters are formed and enter the bladder in a different location than the mesonephric ducts. The metanephros at the end of the ureters will eventually form the permanent kidneys. (Moore and Persaud, 1998)."
Abstract This paper gives a thorough overview of the economic theory of Efficient Markets which states that prices of stocks and other securities fully reflect the information available to the investors in the market. The paper investigates why some finance professionals harshly oppose this system as it neglects the authenticity of fundamenetal or technical analysis. It shows that these professionals claim that if the assumptions of the theory were true, if investors traded their stocks in an efficient market, where prices are a reflection of available information, the buying and selling of securities would no more be considered as a business and it would become a matter of fortune to benefit from a sale or purchase of securities. The paper uses several stock market anomalies to show how the Efficient Market Hypothesis works.
From the Paper "From the above discussed stock market anomalies, it is evident that the future trends of securities and stocks are predictable to some extent. In some circumstances, the predictability of security prices is inconsistent with efficient market hypothesis. In addition to the above-mentioned anomalies, researchers have also pointed out some other inconsistencies in the capital markets, which bring the authenticity of EMH to doubt. For instance, researchers have found evidences of rise or fall in capital markets in certain specific periods, leading to the conclusion that the capital markets are subject to certain periodic or seasonal effects. Moreover, several studies have also revealed that the price to earning ratios of the firms has a very strong capability to predict future fall or rise in prices (Campbell and Sheller, 1988)."
Abstract The paper shows that according to recent research, the earth's magnetic field has shown signs that it is ready to shift. If this occurs, the magnetic north will point south and the magnetic south will point north and have disasterous effects on Earth. The paper discusses how scientists measure the magnetic field by tracking its history from a gigantic crack in the middle of the Atlantic Ocean that oozes lava. As the lava solidifies into rock, it records the Earth's magnetic polarity at various times. According to these records, the Earth is overdue for another reversal. The paper shows that prior to a magnetic field reversal, the magnetic field typically grows weaker and weaker until it almost disappears. As a result, the poles flip and strong magnetism starts up again. The paper explains how magnetism levels in ancient pottery indicate that over the past 4,000 years, the magnetic field has weakened by about half. In this century alone, it has decreased by five percent. The paper explores theories put forth by scientists that the Earth's magnetic field could disappear in the next few hundred or thousand years.
Table of Contents
Abstract
Introduction
Origin of the Earth's Magnetic Field
Paleomagnetism
Field Reversals
Theories of Magnetic Pole Reversals
Earth's Magnetic Field
The Main Field
Secondary Field
Remanent Magnetization
Electromagnetic Dynamo Effect
Magnetization of Rocks
Curie Point
Processes of Magnetization in Rocks
Magnetic Anomalies Paleomagnetic Data
Morphology of Reversals
Field Direction and Field Intensity
Field Reversals
What Drives Reversals?
Core-Mantle Boundary Processes
Bibliography
From the Paper "Over the past three-and-a-half million years, the Earth's magnetic poles have shifted approximately nine times. This estimate has been found through sampling of the magnetic records formed by rocks in the ocean beds and in ancient lava formations.
Scientists do not know how or why the magnetic poles reverse for sure, nor do they know exactly what effect this will have on life, as we know it. Many believe that the magnetic poles of the Earth reverse an average of every 200,000 years, but the time between reversals has varied widely. The Sun reverses its magnetic poles fairly routinely: essentially every 11 years."
Abstract This study examines the media coverage of juvenile crime, focusing on the 1924 murder of a 14-year-old boy, Robert Franks by two older teenagers, Nathan Leopold and Richard Loeb. The paper follows the coverage among the many newspapers in Chicago at the time. An examination of coverage by the major papers (this study focuses on The Chicago Daily News) makes clear at least two central elements-- the boys were anomalies of human nature and their behavior should be seen as unacceptable.
From the Paper "The murders took place at a time when the United States was self-satisfied. The First World War was largely forgotten, the Roaring Twenties were in full bloom, peace and economic prosperity were everywhere. It simply did not make sense that juveniles who came from such a happy and successful society (and who in fact enjoyed the very best that that society had to offer, as children of wealthy and powerful families) could become such calculating, cold-blooded killers."
Abstract Even a cursory glance at the discipline of sociology reveals that various paradigms of approach to sociological discourse are as important to making it intelligible as the content of its arguments. The paper shows that the manner in which data is presented may have much to do with credibility and clarity. The paper shows that when something unexpected happens (anomaly) that violates a theory or model, there is a potential for testing or altogether changing the theory or model (paradigm). And when that happens, whole new ideas and explanations that account for phenomena or behavior may arise. The paper looks at this idea in the context of theories by sociologists such as Emile Durkheim, Karl Marx, John Locke and Max Weber.
From the Paper "Both Marx and Weber are concerned about conflict relationships of dominant and subordinate social groups. But Marx always takes the view that the best way to interpret power relationships is in terms of alienation of capital and labor, and of labor and itself, due to absence of a working-class experience of power. Weber takes the view that individual experience and economic factors of society as part of a complex overall social picture shaped by capitalism, with social phenomena having variable consequences for variable groups. This would help explain, for example, why two people who receive the same education have such different postgraduate economic experiences."
Abstract This paper describes the events of November 30, 1999 when the world witnessed a major event that happened in Seattle, Washington, wherein mob violence resulted to an otherwise peaceful demonstration of organized protesters who have come to protest against the opening of the World Trade Organization (WTO) meeting. It looks at how the events became known as the Seattle Impact because of the massive violence that occurred that day. It attempts to analyze why the violence broke out and how public action aimed to extend the message to the WTO that the people were no longer allowing unfair treatment and anomalies from trade policies and negotiations among nations in the international market. It evaluates how the attempt by WTO to improve trade policies afterwards suggests that the Seattle Impact did have a significant effect and resulted in improving and changing the ways and methods WTO handled its policy-making functions.
From the Paper "This statement by Jackson implies that WTO is allegedly involved in activities that are directly in contrast to what its objectives are since it was founded in 1995. World Trade Organization (WTO) was formed in the year 1995 to function as the following: (1) an organization that allows for predictable and growing access to markets, and (2) promotes fair competition among countries in the international trade market (USIS 1996). Aside from these two main functions, WTO also has the function of acting as mediator between two disputing countries in relation to trade policy problems, and to administer and cooperate in the formulation and implementation of ?global policy-making.? These functions illustrate the vital role that WTO plays in the state of economy of almost all nations and economies in the world."
Abstract The stock market's dominant theory, the efficient market hypothesis (EMH) has been greatly criticized recently for its failure to account for human errors, heuristic bias, use of misinformation, psychological tendencies, in determining future expected performance and obtainable profits. Existing evidence indicates that past confidence in the EMH may have been misdirected, as the theory's models do not show a thorough understanding of trading operations in a realistic light.
Researchers have suggested that a variety of anomalies and inconsistent historical results demand that traditional financial theories, namely the EMH, be reconstructed to include human interaction as a key decision-making process that directly affects the performance of financial markets. This research paper determines whether or not there is a need for a refined financial model that incorporates the behavior of the stock market's investors. The paper includes tables and graphs.
Table of Contents:
I. Introduction
A. Importance of the Study
B. Purpose of the Study
C. Problem Statement
D. Rational of the Study
E. Scope of the Study
F. Definition of Terms
II. Review of Related Literature
A. Introduction
B. Body of Text
C. Summary
III. Method Used in Research
A. Approach
B. Data Gathering Method
C. Data Base Used for Analysis
D. Analysis of Data
E. Validity of Data
F. Method Originality and Limitations
IV. Data Analysis
V. Summary, Discussion and Recommendations
Bibliography
From the Paper "According to Barrett and several financial analysts, when investors watched the Nasdaq "blast through the 5,000-point threshold in March only to give back half its value by year's end", most investors felt the need t re-evaluate his expectations and investing philosophy.
The same group of investors that had dumped endless streams of cash into shaky Internet stocks at unprecedented prices suddenly pulled their money out of the stock market, afraid to buy even some of the leading industry stocks at low prices. This backs up research that states that the majority of individual investors will keep a losing stock too long and sell a winning stock too soon."
Abstract The debate over the causation of congenital anomalies is discussed in this paper, as well as various preventative measures that have been implemented over time to help reduce the neonatal death rate. Medical practices and scientific approaches towards human birth deformities are well explored and cited throughout the paper.
Abstract This paper looks at how within only two generations; Hong Kong has established itself as a model of stellar economic growth. This paper will attempt to uncover the 'secrets' of Hong Kong's success, and strive to provide a greater understanding of this very unique and dynamic area.
