From the Paper
"The purpose of this research is to examine why Thomas More, chancellor of England at the time of Henry VIII's marriage to Anne Boleyn, refused to support Henry's request for an annulment of his marriage to Catherine of Aragon and remarriage to Boleyn. The plan of the research will be to set forth the essential elements of the conflict, including the issues that confronted the major players, and then to discuss, with reference to the text of contemporaneous documents of church and state, More's position as articulated in them and in More's public and private correspondence.


The essential elements of the conflict over More's refusal to support the annulment can be seen in the wide context of conflicting spiritual and political priorities that dominated Europe during the Renaissance, and in the narrower context of...:

Abstract
This paper offers an extensive discussion on the effects of the permeation of state authority into English village life. The paper focuses on the village of Morebath and explains the resistance to the shift from Catholicism to Protestantism. It claims that the process of Protestantization came, not because of a pure theological dispute that involved the common people, but because of a power struggle between King Henry VIII and the Pope over the king's right to gain an annulment from his first wife, Catherine of Aragon.

From the Paper
"From the reign of Henry VIII to Elizabeth I, England experienced a gradual, but ultimately seismic shift in the way that the population was permitted to worship, could experience the divine in terms of their religious practices, expressed their religious views, and the ways they could relate to their institutions of belief. At first, "the Catholic world-view...was the religion of most English people on the eve of the Reformation." (Duffy 2) When "Martin Luther's attack on the Catholic Church and the authority of the Pope first began to spread outside Germany" England stood apart from the fray and Henry VIII was called the 'defender of the faith' by the reigning Pope. (Duffy 84) But Catholic England was reborn under the guiding hand of Elizabeth I into a moderate, officially Protestant land where the monarch was the head of the church, not the pope"

Tags:religion, Christianity, Britain, power, struggle

Abstract
Over the centuries, Church leaders have grappled with the issue of marriage and divorce almost unlike any other issue - the volume of theological writings could fill whole libraries. Certainly, the Church's opinion of divorce has changed over time. The paper shows that, today there are one hundred and eleven canons (Church laws) addressing marriage and divorce, but taken as a whole, they outline the Church's strict and fundamental view that divorce is forbidden because it breaks the sacrament of marriage. The paper explains that in the case of marital separation, only an annulment can legitimately separate two people, and even then, only on proper grounds.

From the Paper
"Essentially, the Church interprets Jesus' words and other teachings to mean that marriage is a sacrament. The New Advent's Catholic Encyclopedia defines a sacrament as an "outward sign of inward grace." It is a sign of something sacred and internal - specifically, it is a manifestation of God's grace, which is conferred upon humans. But it is not only a sign, it is an active situation or condition that produces grace. It is also permanent."

Tags:New, Testament, Jesus, Pope, John, Paul, necessitas, convenientiae

Abstract
The paper examines two studies on the problems associated with overcrowding and discusses how a primary reason for overcrowding is the 'crack cocaine' laws. The paper asserts that to alleviate the overcrowding and to lower the government expenditures spent on keeping these prisoners incarcerated, these 'crack cocaine' laws should be annulled or at least modified to take into account the circumstances involving the individuals participating in such drug usage. The paper maintains that the costs of incarceration should instead be spent on educating the offenders on the consequences of drug use. The paper also discusses how offenders sent to prison are more likely to return to a life of crime upon their release.

From the Paper
"Since much of the overcrowding currently existing in both the state, and federal prison systems is primarily due to the incarceration of the nonviolent offender, and especially the mandatory sentencing of 'crack cocaine' users, it is suggested that to alleviate such overcrowding, and the associate problems caused by overcrowding, a more beneficial method of dealing with these nonviolent offenders be implemented.
"The question that is being asked is whether society would benefit more if nonviolent criminals received punishments other than jail sentences, or would such leniency lead to a lesser regard for the consequences of committing crimes, therefore leading to a rise in nonviolent, and violent, crime rates?"

Tags:incarceration, drugs, offenders

Abstract
This paper discusses the historical eras that influenced the development of the world that we live in today, focusing specifically on the Medieval and Renaissance eras. In order to understand their relevance for human civilization, this paper considers these eras from the perspective of the cultural epoch theory.

From the Paper
"The Medieval period is seen as a moment of regress for the civilization from various points of view which relate to the fact that the political, economic, and cultural dimensions of life saw a return to the more primitive aspects of the human being. In this sense, the period of the Middle Ages had followed the disintegration of the Roman Empire, an event which marked a sudden and at the same time negative change in the way in which territories were organized, social relations were established, as well as the way in which religious and cultural life was perceived and conducted.

Tags:annulment, printing machine, church man da vinci