Abstract This paper discusses the knock and announce requirement within law enforcement. It discusses the history behind the requirement, as well as related police requirements when gathering evidence. The paper then looks at when and how it is meant to be applied by the police and it discusses the implications of violations of the requirement. The paper's sources are the case law which are cited in the endnotes. It does not contain a bibliography.
Table of Contents:
Constitutional Protections and the Exclusionary Rule
Applying the Exclusionary Rule to Knock and Announce Violations
Weighing the Respective Interests of Constitutional Protections and Effective Policing
Alternative Remedies Consistent with the Concept of Harmless Error:
From the Paper "Finally, with regard to appropriate remedies for impermissible police conduct in the form of knock and announce requirement violations, the Supreme Court suggested in Hudson that when rights are violated by police in good faith execution of otherwise valid search warrants, sufficient civil remedies exist for individuals harmed by such violations without requiring the exclusion of evidence as a remedy. The rationale of applying remedies for technical violations of constitutionally required police procedures is to deter impermissible police conduct in pursuit of evidence of criminal conduct. The exclusionary rule is appropriately applied where police conduct violates the safeguards against seizing evidence without a warrant. It is not appropriately applied for technical violations of knock and announce procedures of otherwise valid warrant executions."
Abstract On January 18, 2001, the Rev. Jesse Jackson announced publicly he had fathered a child out of wedlock. Reaction was quick to come and is discussed in this five-page paper.
Abstract This paper is written as though it were a televised announcement by President George Bush regarding the U.S.-led war against Iraq. In the speech President Bush attempts to apologize and explain U.S. policy towards Iraq and to offer his regrets about going to war with that country.
From the Paper "Hello, everyone, my name is George W. Bush, your president, and I have been placed here against my will, yet I have come to realize as I stand in front of the camera that this is a necessary event if I am to keep this country together. I am here to tell you some current happenings that could change the state of the country."
Abstract This research examines mergers and acquisitions in the United States banking industry involving the formation of mega banks. It uses event study methodology and accounting performance techniques to determine the valuation effects of structural changes that are the result of the merger. When a merger is announced, it often causes abnormal stock price jumps for both the acquirer and target company at or around the date of the announcement. Acquisitions that concentrate on increasing the diversity of the business earned the highest abnormal returns. The writer notes, however, that other types of mergers neither create nor destroy shareholder value. Stock return alone does not paint the entire picture of the value created by the merger. This research study assesses the mergers using accounting performance techniques as well as stock price analysis to understand the likelihood that the value creation is stable, and not simply reactionary on the part of the shareholders.
Outline:
Abstract
Introduction
Background of the Study
Rationale
Hypothesis and Research Questions
Importance of This Study
Case Synopsis of the Mergers to be used in this Study
JP Morgan Merger/Chase
JP Morgan Chase and Bank One
Bank of America/Fleet Boston
Methodology
Conclusion
From the Paper "Some mergers and acquisitions are strategic and nature. Perhaps the acquiring company may need the production capabilities of the other company. There are some mergers and acquisitions that take place so that supplier relationships can be established. Sometimes a merger or acquisition may take place so that a company can gain access to a new niche market. This was found to be one of the primary reasons for mergers and acquisitions in the banking industry."
"Large scale mergers eliminate competition and secure a greater market share. In some cases, an acquisition may take place so that one company can acquire its competition. Regardless of the primary reason for the merger or acquisition, one can be certain that at least one company will benefit from it. In many cases, there will be a mutual benefit and the combined company will be more profitable Some companies were created to be sold, providing quick cash revenue for their owners, as opposed to the long-term gains that are the typical reason for starting a business."
Abstract The following paper discusses the role of the poet in reference to William Blake's famous set of 54 poems. The author feels that the function of the poet is the feelings he is able to invoke, the tensions between forces/themes that he is able to create and the message that he is able to portray.
From the paper:
?By the time we tumble into the second cycle of songs, those of experience, we are almost eager to do so. The poet no longer hears the voice of the child "piping"; he announces: ?Hear the voice of the Bard!/Who Present, Past & Future sees.? This poet sees ?in evey face I meet/Marks of weaknes, marks of woe.? (London). Many of the poems are paired with poems of the first cycle. For Blake, man is torn between the forces of experience and innocence, two states of the soul. Now, in experience, we see "In a rich and fruitful land,/Babes reduced to misery" (Holy Thursday)?.
Abstract A description of how the US "lost" China, the Truman administration's policies toward China, and Mao Zedong's intentions during and after the civil war between Chinese Nationalists and Communists.
From the Paper:
"On October 1, 1949, from a reviewing stand atop the Gate of Heavenly Peace in Peking, Mao Zedong formally announced the People's Republic of China. This moment marked a great victory for Mao and the Chinese Communists, but also the undoing of Mao's intentions to ?establish relations with any country willing to respect China's international equality and territorial integrity,? including the United States. Mao knew China could not prosper without international help, but his victory over the Nationalists made relations with the US impossible."
The paper discusses the impact of the events of 9/11 on the US economy, looking at such important issues as consumer spending, airline industry, investment and unemployment.
Abstract This paper discusses the impact of September 11 tragedy on the economic conditions of the United States. The author examines how the economy, which had showed a dismal performance for three consecutive quarters before September, completely collapsed when the disaster struck as consumer spending decreased with lower purchasing power, investment and borrowing declined, all industries reported lower profits and there was an alarming increase in unemployment. The paper also briefly discusses the condition of the airline industry after the tragic events of 9/11.
From the paper:
"The United States economy had already been predicted to go into recession when the tragedy of September 11 struck and accelerated the downward spiral of economic conditions of our country. . The economy crumpled as many industries in the country were hit harshly by the attacks and the slow down finally took shape of recession. After three quarters of poor GDP growth, it was almost certain that the economy was heading towards recession but September 11th attacks only accelerated the negative process. The government has been unable to generate enough Consumer-spending despite several announcements of tax cuts, which are aimed at giving people more purchasing power. Money supply and demand in the market is insufficient to tempt businessmen to increase production."
Abstract This essay describes Jackie Robinson's past as a baseball player from the time he first played major league baseball in the United States in 1947. The writer shows that he had no expectations beyond breaking the color barrier so that blacks as well as whites could play baseball.The aim of this paper is to show that Robinson was a quiet role model for the youth of the world for generations to come ? a role model demonstrating that one person can speak up for what he knows to be right, and to have it make a difference.
From the paper:
?Robinson endured many slights and insults while playing professional baseball. When the Brooklyn Dodgers called him up from their farm club, the president of the Philadelphia Phillies announced that their team would not play the Dodgers as long as Robinson was part of the team. The St. Louis Cardinals threatened to strike. Cooler heads prevailed, and Jackie Robinson played ball. (Mims, 1995).?
Abstract The paper focuses on Nelson Mandela's fight for freedom for blacks in South Africa, from the 1950 through his release from prison and election to the office of President.
From the paper:
"Nelson Mandela would spend the remaining years of apartheid in prison (Mandela 328). However, others still carried on his work. In 1974 there appeared to be a breakthrough. South Africa's ambassador to the United Nations, R.F "Pik" Both announced that South Africa was breaking down the system of apartheid. By now, South Africa's struggle had caught International attention, and the world watched ? and waited."
Tags: anc, united, nations, africa, apartheid, civil, jr, king, luther, mandela, martin, nelson, non, protest, rights, south, violent
Abstract This paper examines the phenomenon of earning surprises by examining ex-post facto and the balance sheets of several companies. In addition the way in which stock prices change, directly correlating to the change in FIFO to LIFO, is also be explored.
From the Paper "Most investors assume that it is always the goal of a company to the greatest net income possible. They connect net income directly with profitability. What they do not understand is that there are times when it may be advantages for management to show a smaller net income. In an economic period which is marked by high inflation and rising prices the company can show considerable tax advantages by using the LIFO (Last In, First Out) method of inventory valuation. Using this accounting method, the company values the inventory at the prices, which reflect a higher cost to produce them. In a market of steadily rising prices this will make them show smaller net gains and therefore save on their taxes. In this way smaller net earnings will actually amount in greater profit due to the tax savings which will show up immediately in greater immediate cash flow. Some companies use this method when they wish to temporarily increase their leverage position to borrow capital for business expansions."
From the Paper "The artifact to be analyzed is Magic Johnson, the basketball player and businessman. The meaning of this artifact has changed several times in recent years, with the biggest change coming in the shift from basketball hero to basketball-hero-with-AIDS. Indeed, the artifact is now as closely identified with the AIDS problem as with basketball. Magic Johnson was well-established prior to that time as a basketball hero in Los Angeles, one of the major players in the game, and he was in fact still part of the game when he made his announcement concerning his HIV status. This announcement had a major impact on the consciousness of the public for several reasons, showing how important the artifact is in our culture. Johnson stated that he was HIV positive and that he would retire from basketball as a result. The revelation was a shock to the public. First, Magic Johnson was a well-known and..."
Abstract When Sprint and MCI WorldCom announced that they were considering a merger in late 1999, analysts gave careful consideration to the antitrust and market implications. The long distance market, in which both of these companies compete, is highly competitive, but the competition takes place in the environment of an oligopoly
From the Paper "Introduction
When Sprint and MCI WorldCom announced that they were considering a merger in late 1999, analysts gave careful consideration to the antitrust and market implications. The long distance market, in which both of these companies compete, is highly competitive, but the competition takes place in the environment of an oligopoly. This research considers the market structure of the long distance phone industry, Sprint's position within that industry, and Sprint's actions with regard to pricing and product development as a participant in this industry.
Market Structure
An oligopoly is a market characterized by only a few sellers who share an interdependence. The goods produced in an oligopoly can be either differentiated or undifferentiated, but the number of sellers and their..."
Abstract This paper gives a brief insight of how the murder of the wife of ex-football-star-turned announcer caught the country's full attention in 1995. It examines some of the evidence leading to his arrest and provides some incriminating facts that the jury did not have access to during the trial and discusses how Simpson was eventually released. It evaluates how the schism between the races still exists and how televised criminal cases and media-hype can cripple the justice system in America.
From the Paper "None of this evidence is circumstantial. It was incriminating evidence that pointed to a killer. By law, it was all hard evidence that would have resulted in the conviction of any one else by the justice system. However, the fact that O.J. was a celebrity and the fact that the trial was moved out of Santa Monica were contributing factors to a non-guilty decision.
Unfortunately, too many things went wrong in Simpson's favor and he got off Scott-free. If the LAPD had conducted a full interrogation, if Mark Fuhrman had not lied on the witness stand about his use of the "n" word and if Cochran hadn't played the "race" card so well, justice would have prevailed in this case."
Tags: media-hype, guilty, racism, jury, evidence, LAPD, justice, system
From the Paper "This study will provide a critique of President George Bush's January 16, 1991, televised address to the people of the United States announcing the commencement of the war against Iraq.
The speech was given after five months of sanctions against Iraq after that country invaded Kuwait due to what Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein saw as Kuwait's intransigence in talks over a long-lasting border dispute. Bush in his speech tries to give the impression that his attitude toward Iraq and Hussein had been clear and steady, but in fact U.S. policy toward that nation and its leader had been confused and confusing, and analysts such as Woodward argue that that confusion helped Hussein come to the conclusion to invade Kuwait in the first place. As Woodward writes, "U.S. policy toward Iraq was muddled. Bush..."
Abstract This paper examines how on August 30, 1999, the California Supreme Court announced its decision in People vs. Frazer and by a 4-3 majority, the Court upheld the state's revised statute of limitations for child molestation offenses. The case began on October 21, 1996, when the Mendocino County District Attorney charged Raymond Lawrence Frazer with one count of lewd conduct with a child under age 14. It discusses the history of the case, the issues involved and the Court's opinions (both the majority and the dissent).
From the Paper "The Municipal Court Judge held in Frazer's favor and dismissed the charge, finding that the law as enacted did not apply to crimes committed before January 1, 1994. (The Judge ignored the amendment that applied the law retroactively.) The District Attorney appealed to the Superior Court, which accepted the state's statutory interpretation, but still held for Frazer because it found the retroactive application of Section 803(g) constituted an ex post facto law. The Court of Appeals affirmed the Superior Court's decision on that ground, so the District Attorney appealed to the California Supreme Court."
