Abstract
The paper discusses the need for means of punishment other than incarceration and states there are several reasons for this, chief among them are economic. The paper continues and relates that other reasons concern whether the punishment (of incarceration) befits the nature of the crime. The paper then attempts to compare what the prognosis is for juveniles with ankle monitoring devices versus those who don't have to wear them.


Outline:
Problem/ Objective
Literature Review
History
Studies of Adult Electronic Monitoring as an extension of Juvenile Monitoring
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The use of electronic monitoring is not a recent phenomenon, though it has grown and become more formalized, becoming accepted throughout the United States and the rest of the world. The first electronic monitoring device was first developed in 1964. Ralph Schwitzgebel at Harvard University first designed the electronic monitoring system. William Hurd first conceived of the idea that it could be used for monitoring juvenile offenders. Here the juvenile offenders were not placed in their home environment but within the proximity of a repeater station, which probably housed the monitoring system. When an offender broke this curfew and moved outside the range of the repeater station, the "current" short circuited. This set off an alarm, which was the signal for the appropriate authorities to find the absconding individual."

Tags:ankle, monitoring, devices, juvenile, offenders

Abstract
One of the most common types of injuries occurring during sports events is that of ankle injuries. The ankle is susceptible to injury in practically every sport that exists. This paper focuses on the particular mechanisms of injury in individual sports, the imaging manifestations of ankle ligament injuries, post traumatic ankle synovitis, meniscoid lesions, soft-tissue impingement and ankle joint chondral and osteochondral lesions, with an emphasis on their clinical relevance in athletes.

Outline:
Objective
Introduction
Literature Review
Lateral Inversion Sprain
Medial Eversion Sprain
Syndesmosis Sprain
Achilles Tendon Rupture
Other Ankle Injury Classifications
Importance of the Study
Methodology
Findings and Implications of the Study
Summary & Conclusion
References

From the Paper
"Athletic coaches, trainers and athletes alike know that sustaining an injury during the course of a competitive sport, or in practice is a reality that practically every athlete will deal with with varying degrees of injury experienced. Many athletes have had their athletic career vanish in a moment of an injury occurring that affects them the rest of their life, rendering them incapable to participate I the athletic career they had hoped to pursue. One of the most common types of injuries occurring during sports events is that of ankle injuries. The ankle is susceptible to injury in practically every sport that exists. "

Tags:sprain, sport, medicine, ligament

Abstract
This is a paper exploring the author's use of connected symbols feet, ankles, shoes, and hooves in a short story formed of vignettes, or flashes. The story examined is "Gemcrack", from Jayne Anne Phillips's, "Black Tickets".

From the Paper
"Jayne Anne Phillip's linked stories in Black Tickets range in length from flash that covers a few paragraphs to full-length pieces spanning some twenty pages. However, some of these longer pieces are themselves made up of linked flashes, which split the story into segments, jumpcutting from one character or time frame to another. "Gemcrack", the final story in the book, is a good example of a longer piece fashioned from short first-person sections. Rather than causing confusion, navigation and interpretation of meaning is straightforward; each section is securely fastened to both its predecessor and its successor by masterful implementation of symbols."

Tags:analysis, anne, creative, feet, fetish, fiction, hooves, horses, jayne, legs, motif, phillips, symbolism, symbols, theme

Abstract
An investigation of women's rights in Afghanistan. The author examines the rules and laws that women must abide by concerning work, travel and education, punishment and specific difficulties that they encounter such as health care. The paper provides a look at some personal stories.

OUTLINE

I. Introduction
A. Who are the Taliban?
B. Life Before the Taliban

II. Rules
A. May not work
B. Ban on education
C. Travel
D. Contact with males
E. Hiding in home
F. Dress
G. Bathing
III. Punishment
Death for traveling with man not her mahram
Whipping, beating and verbal abuse of women not clothed in accordance with Taliban rules, or of women unaccompanied by a mahram, for having non-covered ankles.
Women have been shot at for leaving their homes without a male escort to receive medical care.
IV. Specific difficulties
A. Employment
B. Health care
V. Personal stories
A. SUMAYYAH KARIMI
VI. Conclusion

From the Paper
"The plight of women in Afghanistan has received much media attention since the start of the United States war on terrorism. This war has focused on Afghanistan because the Taliban government allowed their country to be used as a safe haven by terrorists. While the women of Afghanistan have lived under restrictions unfamiliar to many women living in Western countries, since the Taliban took control of the majority of Afghanistan in 1996, they have been subjected to a series of rules and punishments unprecedented in any other country of the world."

Tags:freedom, rights, treat, power, control, authority, patriarchy

Abstract
Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to other organs because one or both ventricles are not filled. There is abnormal diastolic and normal systolic function at rest (Satpathy & Mishra, 2006). Redfield (2004, p. 1930) defines heart failure as "a progressive syndrome characterized by complex cardiac and systemic adaptations that vary over time". The risk for CHF increases with age. Symptoms can be edema in the ankle and legs, shortness of breath (American Heart Association, 2008). Other symptoms may be fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, tachycardia, abnormal heart sounds, and distention of the jugular veins.

From the Paper
Congestive Heart Failure Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a condition where the heart cannot pump enough blood to other organs because one or both ventricles are not filled. There is abnormal diastolic and normal systolic function at rest (Satpathy & Mishra, 2006). Redfield (2004, p. 1930) defines heart failure as "a progressive syndrome characterized by complex cardiac and systemic adaptations that vary over time". The risk for CHF increases with age. Symptoms can be edema in the ankle and legs, shortness of breath (American Heart Association, 2008). Other symptoms may be fatigue, dyspnea on exertion, tachycardia, abnormal heart sounds, and distention of the

Tags:diagnosis, causes, treatment

Abstract
In this essay, the writer looks at the painting 'Croquet Scene' which is one of a series of five paintings dedicated to the game of croquet. The writer explains that at the time of its creation in 1866, croquet was becoming extremely popular in America especially with the upper-middle class. Further, the writer points out that croquet was one of the only activities deemed socially acceptable for both men and women to compete as equals, and so the game offered a good opportunity for interesting compositions. The writer describes that in the painting, the woman in red is lifting the hem of her skirt to place a foot on the ball to "croquet" her opponent's ball off the playing field. The writer then notes that the man kneeling at her feet is reaching out to steady the ball for her, but it is unclear whether his intentions are chivalrous, or if he is performing this courtesy in hopes of getting a glimpse of the woman's ankle, which would have been considered highly erotic at the time. The writer discusses that the ambiguity of the composition makes the piece so much more than just an illustration.

From the Paper
"The focal point of this painting is the croquet ball that the woman in red is about to place her foot on, and there are multiple ways that Homer has manipulated the visual elements of this work to draw the viewer's eye down to the ball. The ball itself is placed within the shadow of the woman in red, bringing the ball's light orange color into stark contrast with the background to where it practically glows. Also, the three standing figures of the women along with the stooping form of the man with the croquet mallet positioned at an inward angle in his hand act as a visual funnel, directing the eye down to the ball. Of course, not only is the figure of the man angled to help this funneling effect, but he is pointing down at the ball as he reaches for it. To reinforce the focal point even more, the largest figure in the foreground, the woman in blue, is pulling down her hat, creating a clean arrow from the swallow-tail sticking out the back of her hat to her elbow, which is pointed directly at the ball."

Tags:painter, ball, ambiguity, colors

Abstract
This paper describes the plot of "Oedipus the King" and analyzes the main character of the tragedy, Oedipus. The paper looks at the effect that Oedipus's pride had on his life and whether it was ultimately the cause of the tragedies in his life.

From the Paper
"In Sophocles' tragedy Oedipus the King (Barnet et al. 986-1027), the title character Oedipus, cannot seem to catch a break in life. As the play opens, the kingdom he has married into and rules, Thebes, is ravaged by a terrible plague, and Oedipus despairs of being able to help his people. Later Oedipus receives the unwelcome knowledge from the blind prophet Tiresias that as a baby he was abandoned by his parents and left to die, since his father, Laius, had heard prophesy that his son would otherwise kill him (lines 508-26). When the baby Oedipus is handed over to a kindly shepherd, to do with him as he pleases, the infant's ankles have been bound so tightly that he develops swollen feet (the literal Greek meaning of the word "Oedipus"), and walks, forever after, with a limp."

Tags:thebes, plague, tiresias, abandoned, parents, blind, prophet, laius, shepherd, ankles

Abstract
This paper presents the findings of an article written after testing two specific hypotheses: (1) that the ski boot in its standard setting causes a misalignment of two measurements of knee angles as compared to the natural barefoot position; and (2) that both canting and boot rotation affect on varus valgus (VV) and internal-external rotation (IRER) angles as well.

Outline:
Introduction
Article Summary
Subjective Evaluation
Biomechanical Description of Technique
Critical Analysis of Technique Selected
Summary

From the Paper
"Knee injuries are some of the most interesting issues in orthopedics and sports medicine from the perspective of both prevention and treatment. The analysis of biomechanical causation is crucial to understanding acute traumatic knee injuries as well as long-term chronic knee problems commonly presenting in athletes at all levels of involvement.
"In the case of knee injuries in skiers, one testable hypothesis is the component of causation that relates to ski boots. By design, ski boots are intended to provide external support and maintenance of advantageous ankle and knee flexion and tibial angular orientation with respect to the perpendicular as measured between the skier and the ski
slope. Previous research has established a relationship between external ankle support in general and specifically, the way that altering or restricting the natural motion of the ankle joint contributes to changes in the mechanical load on anatomical structures in the knee."

Tags:prevention, restricting, ankle