Abstract
Discusses the classification of the industry, cartoon animation as a sub-component of motion picture and video production, and examines comparative revenue data for the animated children's cartoon entertainment market. Annual revenues are included.

From the Paper
"This research develops information relevant to revenue generation in the animated cartoon entertainment market. Within this market area, the focus is on the child audience..."

Abstract
This essay examines the history of post-modernism in order to understand the contemporary criticism aimed at it, and is especially aimed at animated television series with viewing audiences that have increased exponentially in size. The work concentrates on two specific series, The Simpson's and Beavis and Butthead. This essay focuses on television, because of the increasing size of viewing audiences, and because post modernism has not just become an era of expression, but has enlarged the expression beyond what the modernists ever conceived possible, making it socially relevant as a form of social and artistic expression. The author reviews current literature before examining the two series and drawing final conclusions.

Outline:
The Postmodern Television Movement
Postmodernist Identity
Case Study
Works Cited

From the Paper
"By definition our understanding of post modernism must be that which was birthed by the modernism before it, which was a period of artistic expression that conveyed the artists' impressions in the world around them and the emotions that the world around evoked in them. As an expression, modernism took on a somewhat abstract form, but not so abstract in nature that one was left unable to connect to the emotional expression of the artist's interpretation of the world. Post-modernism, therefore, is that artistic expression following the modern period. The original off-spring, it might be said, of modernism. Logically, then, post modernism, to convey an understanding beyond the period following modernism, is the ongoing manifestation of modernism in a period removed from the original introduction of that artistic movement."

Tags:simpson's, beavis, butthead, society, cartoons, Flintstones, identity, parody

Abstract
The paper discusses the first feature-length cartoon film "The Adventures of Prince Achmed" that was made by the animator Lotte Reiniger, using cutout silhouette figures and a technique called stop-motion animation. The paper describes the film's creation, destruction in the war and subsequent restoration. The paper maintains that contemporary animators somehow fail to reproduce the same captivating magic that Reiniger achieved in this film.

From the Paper
"Animation is an art with a rich history of artists whose patience and attention to detail in their work has led to many timeless treasures of film for adults and children alike. These works have lasted through time from the 1930's to today, and are still enjoyed as if they were brand new. It is widely known that the first feature-length animated film was Walt Disney's 1937 film Snow White. It was the first commercially successful full-length animated film and the earliest that still exists entirely in its original form. However, a feature that pre-dates Snow White was made by an animator named Lotte Reiniger using cutout silhouette figures and a technique called stop-motion animation. This film was made in 1926 and is called The Adventures of Prince Achmed."

Tags:stop-motion, animation, silhouette, figures, musical, score, puppets

Abstract
The paper points out how although the Disney film generally kept to the novel's tone and motifs, there were necessary alterations in the style of storytelling and in the perspective of the reader/viewer. The paper focuses on the film's visual elements, the lack of ambiguity as to whether Alice experiences a dream or not, and the ways in which Alice is represented in comparison to animals. The paper describes other successful techniques used in this film and comes to the conclusion that this adaptation is one of the most successful book-to-film adaptations of any kind.

From the Paper
"Alice's Adventures in Wonderland, the 1865 foray into literary nonsense penned by Charles Dodgson under the pseudonym Lewis Carroll, became a classic nearly instantly and has remained so for the century and a half of its existence. The whimsy, satire, and sheer exuberance of storytelling that the author wove into this book (and its sequel, Alice Through the Looking Glass and What She Found There) has made the short novel appeal to children and adults alike, as was its author's intention when he published what began as a simple summer afternoon diversion for three little girls (Levin, 591). Though the story is mostly aimed at children, the characters, places, and situations are largely satires or at least representations of people and places Dodgson knew around Oxford, where he taught, and the book was quickly adopted by adults both for pleasure reading and in scholarly circles for its use of logic and its unique literary merits (Auerbach, Shavit). Its most striking and enduring features, however, have been the story itself and the engaging and "curious" character of Alice herself, from whose perspective the reader receives the story."

Tags:visual, elements, text, dream, narration, animation, animals

Abstract
Analyzing various Disney films and the concept of animation and its development since the 1900s, this essay focuses on various best-sellers including "Shrek," "Monster, Inc.," "Mulan," "Chicken Run," "Snow White" in the context of Walt Disney's rise to fame. It also discusses others in the business, including the Fleisher Brothers, with Ko-Ko the Clown.

From the Paper
"Snow White is shown in the traditional role of mother to the Dwarfs as she cleans and cooks for them. But she also is a heroic figure who battled the frightening dark shadows of the forest and found her way into the light. Her indomitable spirit and optimism is inspiring even to the most jaded viewer. Disney utilized multi-plane technology with 250,000 paintings on celluloid cells hand finished by hundreds of men and women artists. Mirth, melody, beauty along with color, music, laughter and romance all combine to make this first feature animated film as vibrant today as it was in 1937 when it premiered."

Tags:felix, cat, messmer, laybourne, monster, shrek, walt, snow, white, dwarfs

Abstract
The paper discusses the invention of animation in the 1880's and explores the popularity of cartoon productions in the aftermath of World War I. The paper discusses technological advancements in the animation industry such as color, sound, and voice and shows its impact on the popularity of cartoons. The paper discusses the first animated feature film and explores social discrimination in cartoons, focusing on racial discrimination towards African Americans.

From the Paper
"Animation was first attempted in 1906. A commercial artist, J. Stuart Blackman, created his small animation attempt called "Humorous Phases of Funny Faces" (Finch 23). However, Emile Cohl, who may not be the first animator, is recognized for being the first to do individual frame-to-frame drawings in animation. "Mr. Stop" was his first cartoon. Although he knew that he was not such a good illustrator, he helped invent this style of animation (Heraldson 24)."

Tags:cartoon, draw, technology, movie

Abstract
The paper first examines the 'Imaginationland' trilogy from the aninmated series "South Park", which includes social and political commentary and metaphysical issues that touch upon the viewer's fears and hopes. Next, the author concludes that the pilot episode 'Hot Tub' of the animated series "Drawn Together" relies on stereotypical jokes, which means that there is little holding the show together beneath the superficial giggles. The paper concludes that the episode title 'Godfellas' of "Futurama", which refers to the Scorsese movie "Goodfellas", carries out the same lighthearted philosophical and insightful tone of this film.

Table of Contents:
"South Park":'Imaginationland'
"Drawn Together": 'Hot Tub' Episode
"Futurama": 'Godfellas' Episode

From the Paper
"The pilot episode of "Drawn Together" introduces the characters of the show as well as its tone, theme, and style of humor. The basic premise of Drawn Together is a reality show for animated characters. The cast of characters lives in a giant mansion together with "a million" cameras on them at all times. They speak into the camera in the private room just like on real-life reality shows. Moreover, the interpersonal conflicts and melodrama are also integral to the show."

Tags:cleverness, consciousness, allusions, stereotypes, trek

Abstract
The paper provides a discussion of how motion capture is used to create 3D animated characters, in addition to the use of this technology in filmmaking, athletics and video game design.

From the Paper
"New technologies like motion capture 3D animation provide movie makers, video game designers and those who study human motion in sports unprecedented capacities. Motion capture also called MOCAP is defined by Alberto Menache in "Understanding Motion Capture for Computer Animation and Video Games" as; "The creation of a 3D representation of a live performance." To create the three-dimensional representation, the motion of live actors or athletes are digitally recorded and then applied to 3D models. The digital recording process typically occurs in one of..."

Tags:movies, films, animated characters, human motion, sensors, bodysuits, Moven, biking

Abstract
The paper discusses Disney's creation of the feature-length movie, "Snow White and Seven Dwarves", and how it showed the great merchandising potential of animated characters. The paper further discusses how television has become today the major source of new characters for the children's toy industry. The paper looks at the Australian Children's Television Foundation (ACTF), and its goal of providing Australian children with quality, age-specific, culturally relevant television. Finally, the paper looks at the expansion of animation into computer graphics and identifies the differences between dramatic, lyrical, didactic or comic animation, as well as the differences in Disney, Warner Brothers and Japanese animation.

From the Paper
"Commercial Alert, a consumer watchdog group, has repeatedly asked the FTC to investigate product placement in TV shows for guidelines that would require an on-screen disclosure when a product placement appeared. The organization argues that consumers do not always know if a product placement is an ad unless they are told. In 2005, the FTC stated that failing to tell consumers that a product placement is an advertisement does not violate Section 5 of the FTC Act, which bans unfair and deceptive acts or practices. However, the organization is trying again. The FCC is presently asking for comments on whether to make it more obvious to TV watchers that some shows are filled with embedded ads. According to the Nielsen Company, American Idol logged an impressive 4,636 product placement shots only during the first half of one year."

Tags:programming, ads, commercials, storyline, characters

Abstract
This paper begins with a look at the history of animation, focusing special attention on the history of computer animation. The paper explains the advances in technology that have helped improve computer animation techniques and then takes a look at some of the ethical questions that have developed regarding the use of computer animation. The paper then discusses one of the primary concerns, the fear that this type of animation will replace real actors, and explains why actors really have no reason to feel threatened by computer animation.

From the Paper
"Visual representation of ideas, history, and stories has been an important part of human culture since prehistoric times, when cave paintings and other primitive drawings were used to record and relive events. As human culture developed, so did the visual arts, and primitive cave paintings gave way to more complex drawings, paintings, and engravings that told stories ranging from epic mythological tales to a simple moment from daily life. While a talented artist has always been able to bring drawings "to life" and have a sense of movement in the work, actual animation has its roots in the 1800s. Devices such as the zoetrope, also known as the "wheel of life", were simple and used a cylinder with slits in the sides to make the drawings inside appear to move when a person peered through the sides as it spun."

Tags:clay, figures, 3-dimensional, entertainment, visual, art, special, effects, animated