Abstract
This essay provides a detailed summary of the first book of De Anima ,'On The Soul' by Aristotle. in which he refutes all accounts of the soul provided by Democritus, Anaxagoras, Plato, Critias, Hippo, Empedocles and Alcmaeon. The paper goes on to examine Aristotle's own account of the soul as the life giving principle of the body and how he carries out a thorough examination of all the efforts undertaken by the ancient philosophers to provide a physical account of the soul.

From the Paper
"In his treatise On The Soul it is the aim of Aristotle to demonstrate that there can be no adequate description of the soul in material terms. In the first book of the treatise he examines the various descriptions of the soul put forward by philosophers of antiquity, and in each case he exposes the shortcomings. He presents to us the best fruits of an extremely rich philosophical tradition, and the breadth of opinions that he presents can be regarded as somewhat exhaustive. On the one extreme there is the purely materialistic point of view offered by Democritus and Leucippus, and on the other there is the mystical numerology of the Pythagoreans. Within this range it seems as if almost every possible description of the soul has been covered. Though Aristotle does not explicitly state that his analysis is exhaustive, he certainly treats it as such. The conclusion therefore is that there is no material account of the soul, and that whatever the soul is, it must be transcendental to all such descriptions."

Tags:philosophy, lyceum, metaphysics

Abstract
This paper analyzes the three female characters in "Heart of Darkness" from a Jungian perspective. The paper explains how Marlow's aunt, Kurtz's African mistress, and his intended are representative of key archetypes found within Carl Jung's structure of personality. The key archetypes described in the paper and compared to the female characters are the earth mother, the animus, or the male part of the female personality, and the anima, the female part of the mind.

From the Paper
"As one can see, the three prime female characters of the novel Heart of Darkness are easily recognizable as the three aspects of Carl Jung's structure of personality. Kurtz's Intended, whom readers meet in the end, is the personification of the female anima, in her speech, her naivete, and her innocence. The other woman in Kurtz life, his African mistress, is the Intended's counterpart, the darkly masculine animus, as is demonstrated by her power of commend and fearless outlook. Finally, Marlow's adoring aunt is the prime representation of the mother, who nourishes and encourages. Through these three women one can see the mother, the animus and the anima can be blended into one well balanced unit, contrasting and complimenting itself in it's different aspects."

Tags:anima, animus, aunt, earthmother, heart, intended, joesph, jung, karl, kurtz, marlow, mistress

Abstract
This paper conducts a detailed analysis of the film "Dead Calm" (1988), paying particular attention to the scene that is viewed by many sources as a depiction of rape. Using psychoanalytical film theory and feminist film reading techniques, it breaks down and analyses key scenes in order to uncover the balance of power between the primary characters. Castration theory is used to support the gender based reading, as is the ideas of anima and animus, used here to support the balancing of masculinity and femininity as a tool for victory. It also looks at similarities between the film and biblical mythology including a character comparison with Adam, Eve and Satan, and similarities between the film's diegesis and the Garden of Eden and Hell.

Outline
Illustrations list
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Chapter One: Literary Review
Chapter Two: Battle of the Sexes
Chapter Three: Delving Beneath the Waters of Eden
Chapter Four: Hero's Journey and Hidden Agendas
Conclusion
Reference List
Bibliography

From the Paper
"After a failed attempt to leap onto the Saracen from a rowing boat, which results in John being injured by the propeller, John is metaphorically left castrated, de-masculinised, bleeding and stranded on a sinking ship. He is no longer the naval captain and master of the feminine sea, but now a possible victim of it. He remains a strong and competent character and is immediately active in attempting to regain power of the Orpheus which has been crippled by water. He remains a symbol of manhood, almost becoming a male action hero, at times appearing bare-chested while fixing the engine, displaying his bronzed and glistening torso."

Tags:christian, feminine, feminist, gender, hero, kidman, mythology, psychoalytical, sexual, vogler, zane

Abstract
In "Narcissus and Goldmund", Hesse imagines women as aspects of the archetypal, universal Mother. The paper shows that this abstraction endows the feminine with a mystical power and stature, while simultaneously creating a stereotype which may serve to eclipse the desires and personhood of the individual woman. The paper shows that while it is possible to argue that Hesse shows a streak of misogyny, it might be more accurate to say merely that he idealizes women and is puzzled by them, and that some of his characters through this puzzlement in their private lives efface women.

From the Paper
"Many other women also feel his slights when they try to approach him as complete humans rather than merely symbols of the Mother. For example, poor Maria --who is not beautiful enough to attract his attentions as he becomes more demanding of the Mother's beauty-- is not treated as if she were wholly human and he passes right over her feelings, though she loves him very deeply. Lene, as well, who ends up carrying his child, is hushed and even threatened (with losing her home and him) when she speaks of wanting him to give up his wandering ways and stay with her. She is forced to be falsely carefree and undemanding, even though her actual female nature seeks to keep and to nurture."

Tags:Carl, Jung, anima, Lydia, feminism, Rebekkah