Abstract
Paper opens in thematic question of Portuguese imperialism's legacies; colonial history of Angola reviewed by century in cases that continue to show different linkages to Brazil as intensified; strong relationship of 20th/21st century; diplomacy, cultural affinity. Comment on Portuguese policy in Angola inc'g Salazar's disastrous racial policy; summary of war/Cold War to present situation & reflections.

From the Paper
Angola, Brazil & Connectional Portuguese History. Introduction By the early 18^th century, Portugal's empire involved various linkages between Lisbon and established colonies in Asia, Africa and South America with many more Portuguese traders, missionaries and others having ventured to Burma, north China and miscellaneous other locations about the world. The budding idea of a Portuguese overseas empire involved a very broad mix of events and influences as demonstrated when one looks to the example of colonial Angola, a rich 1,000-mile West African coastline first explored by Diego Cao in 1492. One sees that Angolan developments events in

Tags:angola, brazil, linkages

Abstract
This paper, written as a prospectus for investors, studies the country of Angola. The paper is structured on the STEEP Analysis model, which analyzes a country's sociological, technical, economic, environmental and political characteristics. The paper focuses in particular on the economic significance of Angola being a major oil provider -- both on the country's current stability and on its future prospects.

From the Paper
"Angola is a country about twice the size of Texas, located on the west coast of southern Africa. Its principal neighbors are the Democratic Republic of Congo, Zaire, Zambia and Namibia. As the second largest oil producer in Africa..."

Tags:angola, economy, oil, civil, war, sociology, politics

Abstract
This paper commences from Thornton's work on demographic effects of slave trade, focused on Angola. The paper then looks at other research that shows that the slave trade created a 2:1 female-male ratio in interior Angolan areas yet population continued due to the cultural feature of polygamy. The paper then discusses how this is seen again in the present day due to wartime losses of males and females in polygamous relationships towards continued Angolan survival.

From the Paper
"The Angolan port of Luanda was associated with slavery from the 16th century through to Lisbon's abolition of the slave trade in 1836 and the actual Angolan abolition of 1858. By this time, millions of persons from the Congo-Angolan interior had been taken via Angola's waterways or libambos to the coast, Luanda known as Brazilian Town, its Brazilian slave trade and goods from South America causing steady urban development from the late 16th century. For decades, African slavery was studied in relation to the places slaves..."

Tags:angola, slavery, polygamy

Abstract
This paper, written by a native of Angola, describes the violent, strife-ridden, and tumultuous past of Angola and the impact this has had on the country's present affairs and conditions. The paper describes the early history of Angola before Portuguese rule, its culture, beliefs, and practices. It then looks at how Portugal, upon assuming leadership of the country, destroyed the culture, traditions, and peoples of Angola, and how this rule, while ended, still affects Angola today.

From the Paper
"It pains me to talk about our situation here in Angola. During my entire young life, I have seen nothing but internal strife. Although Portugal is now out of our country, there is still unrest. I truly believe that things would have been much different if the Portuguese (and other Western countries) had not taken over and plundered our country. Portugal treated our people of Angola with contempt and indifference for five centuries of colonization. From as early as the 1400s to the 20th century, the Africans under the Portuguese rule only knew of slavery, hunger and bloodshed."

Tags:europeans, african, tribes, bushmen, bantu, kingdom, kondo, ngangela, kuimbo, kongolese

Abstract
This paper takes a descriptive look at the difference between weak, failed and collapsed states, naming the theories behind each occurrence. It then goes on to do a comparative case study of two states, namely Angola and Sierra Leone. With a closer look at both Angola and Sierra Leone, the paper concludes that greed and the presence of potential wealth (i.e. natural resources) can truly turn a country upside down. It looks at how both governments used their positions for greed, power and personal gain, and how both almost collapsed in the process.

Outline:
Failed State
Collapsed State
Case Study: Two Failed States; How do they Compare?

From the Paper
"Failed states are also caused by increases in criminal violence, oppression of citizens and lawlessness in the eyes of citizens. This relates directly to the concept of legitimacy loss, where citizens are forced to turn to drug lords or illegitimate means in order to satisfy their basic needs, like food, shelter, security, etc...Failed states have flawed institutions and deteriorating infrastructure (potholes, drinking water, power supply). According to Rotberg, an indicator and not a cause of failed states is the decline in per capita GDP due to increased income disparity (Rotberg 2003: pp.10). Sierra Leone is an example of a failed state, however details will be further discussed in the case study section of this essay, along with Angola. "

Tags:economy, gdp, natural, resources

Abstract
This paper explains that, although both nations have French-speaking elements to their cultural and history for geographical and colonial reasons, the cultural elements and characteristics of the African nation of Angola and the European nation of Belgium are more striking in their differences than in their similarities. The author points out that Angola is still unstable and unsuitable for travel; whereas, Belgium is a European nation primarily known for its relative state of peace and ability to attract tourism and foreign investment. The paper relates that both nations are remarkable for their existence within the crossroads of a multi-ethnic and complex political struggle for dominance, one on the European continent and the other on the African continent.

From the Paper
"Angola similarly was torn, as "the end of hostilities is just the first step in Angola's journey of a thousand miles. War leaves scars: millions of displaced, homeless, maimed, orphaned, starving and diseased Angolans. This means no infrastructure, poor roads, crime, graft, up to eleven million landmines - and a glimmer of hope." Unlike the recent history of Belgium, however, the damage that diversity has caused to the infrastructure of Angola has been physical rather than ideological. The nation is so marked by civil war, its damaged internal infrastructure of shipping and transportation perhaps the most striking feature that must be addressed to rebuild the nation."

Tags:french, colonial, stability, crossroads, multiethnic

Abstract
This report focuses on the African nation of Angola and some possible financial solutions to the constant health care threat from AIDS. The paper looks at how Angola's opportunity for social and economic development is contingent upon the need to, first, focus on the AIDS crisis there, its prevention, its care, and its treatment.

From the Paper
"The situation in Angola is critical according to the United Nations. ?It said that in addition to the problems caused by recent displacement, the country faced a structural emergency that was characterized by a breakdown in social services that jeopardized the health and education of vulnerable groups, particularly children.? (Weekly Round Up) Although the Angolan war and a lack of mobility continues to help the nation avert the AIDS epidemic other African populations are facing. However, because of the fact that the Sub-Saharan Africa's leading cause of death is HIV/AIDS, a sound educational program should be instituted as soon as possible to help educate the nation's people just how serious the problem they are facing really is. Some recent studies have shown that approximately eight percent of Angolans are already HIV positive."

Tags:civil, war, botswana, trade, migration, travel, spread, ceasefire, humanitarian, efforts

Abstract
An evaluation of Henry Kissinger and Richard Nixon's foreign policy during the Angolan civil war. The author discusses the events that led up to American involvement in Angola as well as the results of her involvement.

From the Paper
"By the spring of 1974, Henry Kissinger's new world order strategy was falling apart. As put forth in lecture, the collapse of the Portuguese colonial empire would give Kissinger an opportunity to salvage his strategy. As the Portuguese government debated between complete independence and a type of dominion status for its colonies, three political major groups, all with armed forces in the field, vied for control in Angola. The Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) was led by Augustinho Neto and weakly supported by the Soviet Union. The National Front for the Liberation of Angola (FNLA), led by Holden Roberto, was nominally supported by the United States, and National Union for the Total Independence of Angola (Unita), led by Jonas Savimbi, was supported by South Africa."

Tags:angola, diplomacy, foreign, kissinger, nixon, policy

Abstract
This paper examines how from the 1950s until the 1970s, Angola had experienced great internal turmoil as its native population strived to liberate itself from historic Portuguese colonial powers. It also looks at how did South Africa showed great strife in the years following WWII as its overwhelming and overwhelmed black majority and their sympathizers attempted to gain freedom from the ruling white National Party and Apartheid. The paper looks at three key developments in the liberation of each southern African nation: mass mobilization, diplomatic activity, and armed struggle.

From the Paper
"In 1985, the Security Council of the United Nations vehemently came out in retaliation of South Africa's invasion of Angola. The UN Chronicle from September 1 of that year notes that the Council not only condemned South Africa for its actions, but also demanded that South Africa "unconditionally" withdraw forthwith all its "occupation forces" from Angola, cease all acts of aggression against that country, and scrupulously respect its sovereignty and territorial integrity. Angola was, it stated, entitled to "appropriate redress and compensation for any material damage it has suffered." ("Security Council Condemns South Africa for `Premeditated, Sustained Invasions' of Angola") Yet this development and international condemnation was not the first time that these nations came to the world's attention because of political unrest. "

Tags:southafrica, angola, liberation

Abstract
The paper begins by tracing the origin and development of colonialism throughout Africa. It continues with a colonial history of Chad. Following this historical outline, the paper explores the effects of colonialism on this African country. The paper follows this form (of giving a historical outline and then exploring the effects of colonialism on the country) when discussing Nigeria and Angola. The paper also includes a comparison of the three countries in terms of the political, economic and national consequences of colonialism.

From the Paper
"Colonialism by stronger nations has been a part of history for thousands of years. The Romans practiced colonialism in ancient times, and the practice was exceedingly common in the 19th century. European nations tried to add to their power and prestige by adding to their cache of land, especially in Africa, where countries were ripe for the taking. "This colonial frenzy in the last twenty years of the nineteenth century saw all but 10 percent of the African continent colonized in a complex mix of political, economic, strategic, cultural, and religious rationales" (Wright 13)."

Tags:origin, development, effect, consequence, comparison, economic