Abstract
This paper examines how America moved closer to a true democracy during Andrew Jackson's term of office as President - 1824-1840. The writer shows how during Jackson's presidency the two main factors increasing the democratic nature of American politics were-- active participation of the common man in politics and growth in the two-party political system.

From the Paper
"The period of time in from 1824 until 1840 is known as the Jacksonian Era. This was a time of many political reforms that affected American democracy. During the Jacksonian Era, nominating conventions, the spoils system, and public campaigning for office promoted a more democratic process by strengthening the two-party system of government and promoting the active participation of the common man in politics."

Tags:american, andrew, campaigning, democracy, history, jackson, jefferson, public, spoils, system, thomas

Abstract
This paper discusses the impact that Hurricane Andrew had on Florida when it struck in the early hours of August 24, 1992. The paper first discusses the the early warning system and the resulting evacuation in Florida. The paper then argues that the impact of Hurricane Andrew in Florida was exacerbated by the confused, disorderly and uncoordinated response of the government and the disaster management organizations in the United States.

Table of Contents:
The Impact Hurricane Andrew Made on Florida
Gathering of the Storm
The Relative Success of the Early Warning System
Impact of Hurricane Andrew & the Inadequate Disaster Management
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Despite there being a "Federal Response Plan" in place, the bureaucratic machinery took a long time to activate. The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), which was supposed to implement the Federal Response Plan, was hardly in a state to respond adequately to the situation. The Agency was still geared to respond primarily to a massive nuclear attack and saw its main responsibility as distributing federal loans and grants to help rebuild an area after a disaster. It would not issue direct aid to a state until it was given a specific request by the governor, and the state was unable to issue specific requests for aid because it had no one was available to assess the damage (Franklin). Federal help was so slow in arriving that a frustrated director of Dade County's Emergency Office made the famous remark, " . . . Where the hell is the cavalry on this one?" (Quoted by Lerbinger, 61) The quote captured the overall sense of frustration and helplessness that disaster victims felt. Stung by the criticism of the federal response to the emergency, President Bush created a presidential task force headed by Transportation Secretary Andrew H. Card, Jr. for jump-starting the entire disaster response process. Although Card took important measures that helped expedite the delivery of governmental assistance; but by bypassing existing policies and processes, these measures ultimately proved disruptive and expensive and caused greater confusion and hindered a coordinated response to the disaster (Schneider, 100)."

Tags:FEMA, risk, evacuation, response, storm

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the history of President Andrew Johnson and his rise in the political arena. This paper also discusses how he reconstructed the former Confederate states and how his impeachment effected the history of the United States of America.

Contents:
Reconstruction as Conducted by President Andrew Johnson
Andrew Johnson: The Making of a Martyr to the Republic?
Juggernaut Toward a Restored Union

From the Paper
"It was also the era in which American understanding of the law changed, and that change was responsible, along with the actions of President Andrew Johnson, for helping the Union remain intact when continued strong forces for a separate North and South still held sway.
Spaulding makes an essential point for understanding Reconstruction, and one that is particularly apt concerning the impeachment of Andrew Johnson. Spaulding notes that "Although the modern legal profession has its roots in the same time period (legal formalism, education in law schools rather than apprenticeships, Socratic instruction, bar associations, large firm practice, and a distinct brand of constitutional conservatism all emerge in the 1870s), historians of the legal profession have largely ignored the relationship between professional organization and lawyers' experience of the Civil War and Reconstruction" (2005, p. 2001+)."

Tags:federalism, republican, democratic, Congress, legal, Civil, Rights, Act, slavery

Abstract
This paper explains that Andrew Carnegie is remembered for two main achievements: The enormous amounts of money he amassed as an industrialist and his giving most of his money away to charity. The author points out that, if Andrew Carnegie had not lived in poverty in the early years of his life, he may not have been so very interested in giving away his money to other people or, if he had not been interested in the written word, he may not have given millions away to public libraries and for free education. The paper stresses Andrew Carnegie's strong contention that giving away one's wealth for the common good was as important as making the wealth in the first place, the giving away must be done personally and it must be done in the right manner.

From the Paper
"It must be noted that Andrew Carnegie considered education as being the veritable 'key' to life, and he was also extremely interested and also committed to the cause of an access to information. It is said that one incident in particular alerted Andrew Carnegie to this important fact, in the libraries of Colonel Anderson in Allegheny City, an incident that seems to have motivated him into donating enormous amounts of funds to the cause of library building all over the United States of America. As a matter of fact, over the doors of the Carnegie Library of Pittsburgh, are carved the words, 'Free to the People', and this shows the spirit and the thoughts of the man."

Tags:libraries, schools, philanthropic, poverty, common-good

Abstract
This report presents a summary of hurricanes in general. The paper discusses the path of Hurricane Andrew. The paper explains that Hurricane Andrew was a small, but extremely ferocious hurricane that inflicted an unprecedented economic devastation all along its path through the northwestern Bahamas, the southern Florida peninsula, and south-central Louisiana. The paper contends that record amount of damage has been updated to well over forty billion dollars, making Hurricane Andrew one of the most expensive natural disasters in the history of the United States.

From the Paper
"A hurricane is basically a very big tropical cyclone like weather system that develops in the tropics. There are certain storm classifications that distinguish types of storms: Tropical Depression, Tropical Storm and a Hurricane. One major distinction between these different types of storms is the speed of the associated winds. A Tropical Depression usually has all of the makings of a storm such as persistent clouds and thunderstorms but the maximum sustained winds are at most thirty eight miles per hour. A Tropical Storm also has strong thunderstorms and winds blowing between thirty nine to seventy three miles per hour. In the case of a Hurricane, the tropical weather system's winds range from seventy four miles per hour and up."

Tags:tropical, cyclone, weather, system

Abstract
This paper intertwines a biographical description of Andrew Lloyd Webber's life along with a description of his influences and works. First, the paper traces Lloyd Webber's early life and the impact of the musical home in which he lived as a child. It then shows how his innate talent attracted partners with whom he could create productions. The paper also tells of productions that didn't succeed. Details about Lloyd Webber's personal life, such as marriages and divorces, are also included. The paper concludes by stating that Andrew Lloyd Webber is one of the greatest composers and musical theater developers of our time.

From the Paper
"Andrew showed an early interest and talent for music and began playing the violin when he was only three and at six was already composing and by nine he had published a composition in the periodical, Music Teacher. The rest of his family was also bound in the music world as his aunt Vi exposed him to theater and he showed an extra love for musical theater going with his aunt to see several big named musicals including My Fair Lady and also musical films like Gigi and South Pacific. In the same period Andrew built a small theater in his home and began composing music for productions there. When Andrew was a teen he began to look around for a school to attend and fully committed himself to writing music."

Abstract
The author of the paper describes Andrew J. Viterbi as a great engineer of the past and present century and states that his success in communication systems helped the United States become a world leader in technological competition. In particular, the writes cites the famous Viterbi algorithm and achievements in CDMA cell phone development. The paper chronicles Viterbi's life from when he left Italy with his parents in the summer of 1939, the family's struggle to settle in the US and Viterbi's development into one of the country's leading engineers. The paper is accompanied by a number of photographs.

Outline:
A Genius of the Past and Present: Andrew J. Viterbi
Linkabit and Qualcomm. His creations.
Works Cited

From the Paper
"At a very young age Viterbi was already dreaming of becoming an engineer. When his family moved to Boston, he used to spend his time day dreaming about attending the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). MIT is one of the highest ranked universities not only in the US, but worldwide. Viterbi would visualize himself as a student at MIT, but he knew his family could not afford it at that time and he would have to work hard in order to have a chance to get there, Viterbi had to get a scholarship (Morton). With hard work and a strong will Viterbi got it. He was ranked fourth among 225 students in his class and was accepted by MIT. He still had to work part time in order to fulfill his needs. He worked at Raytheon in the semiconductor area. At that time it was called the "transistor department." As he studied, he was already working as an engineer on communication equipment, designing electrical circuits and writing some diagnostic programs for radio links and early television. In the evenings he had classes."

Tags:algorithm communication radio satellite education Qualcomm Linkabit space, jet propulsion laboratory, MIT

Abstract
This paper summarizes and discusses James Curtis's book "Andrew Jackson and the Search for Vindication". The paper describes, according to the the book, the circumstances surrounding the various times in Andrew Jackson's life that he felt the need to search for vindication. The paper concludes that only time brought vindication for Jackson.

From the Paper
"Jackson was to have more vindications of a military kind when his forces killed 186 Creek Indians on November 2, 1813, and on November 8, 1813 three hundred Creek Indians in Tennessee. Those battles were won even though Jackson was asked to wait for reinforcements and did not wait as ordered. And when soldiers were without adequate food and supplies, and threatened to walk away from battle, and Jackson himself was "a sick man" (p. 53), he stubbornly insisted on continuing, and threatened to shoot any men who deserted. "To Jackson the war was not a matter of contracts, terms of service, or dates of discharge, but a campaign to vindicate national honor and to prove his personal worth by triumphing over the enemy's wickedness" (p. 53). In 1813, when the British invaded New Orleans (War of 1812), Jackson's forces beat them and he became a hero, once again vindicating him. He was vindicated for the time he was taken prisoner by the British as a young boy, and made to shine British soldier's shoes, and almost had his head chopped off; and for his heroism in the face of a massive British charge in New Orleans. "Glorious," "unparalleled," "incredible" were some of the accolades he received nationwide for his hand in defeated the hated British."

Tags:battle, slander, honor

Abstract
This paper explains how a hurricane forms, looks at the special and unlikely circumstances which led to the devastating effects of Hurricane Andrew, and describes the damage caused in various states and why faulty building techniques were partially to blame.

From the paper:

"David Fisher?s book on hurricanes describes a Category 5 hurricane as the ?scariest place on Earth, and Andrew was a Category 5 hurricane when it hit both south Florida and Louisiana.
A hurricane is a giant heat pump (Fisher, p. 61). Both the heat of the sun and the heat generated as evaporated moisture condenses contribute to the development of the hurricane. As the spinning winds contract, they speed up, much as a skater speeds up by pulling her arms in more tightly to her sides. Organization of the storm also requires an upper level high over a lower-level low, which allows the tropical depression to organize into a well formed, rotating tropical storm. If these conditions persist, the tropical storm may strengthen into a hurricane."

Tags:pressure, clouds, ocean, wind, damage, storm

Abstract
This paper looks at the economic and environmental effects of the Hurricane Andrew, comparing it to other hurricanes throughout the United States.

From the Paper
In August of 1992, hurricane Andrew swept through Florida and Louisiana causing more than 26 billion dollars in damage and claiming the lives of more than 60 people. Hurricane Andrew was by no means the largest hurricane to hit the United States, but what it lacked in size it made up for tenfold in power, making hurricane Andrew the costliest natural disaster in U.S. history ("Florida", Encarta Online; Rappaport).

Tags:natural, disasters