Abstract
This paper discusses the "Heart of the Andes," a landscape painting done by the great Hudson River School artist, Frederic Edwin Church. This paper places the work in the context of the painter's entire career, while focusing on the importance this work had at the time. Church's early life is discussed, including the influence of Thomas Cole and others. A description of the work is included.

From the Paper
"Frederic Edwin Church was one of the leaders of the Hudson River School of painting, and whose greatest success was Heart of the Andes. Church is the most grandiloquent and vivid American landscape painter whose greatest works inspired awe about natural wonders and their splendor and who carried forward the "manifest destiny" of the wilderness. His large canvases are noted for the accuracy and clarity of the scenery portrayed."

Tags:america, art, cole, destiny, edwin, history, hudson, landscape, manifest, painting, paintors, river, school, south, survey, thomas

Abstract
This paper is about the history of coca production in the Andes and other parts of Latin America. The paper focuses on the ancient era, the time after the Spanish Conquest, and the introduction of cocaine to Europe and North America. The paper also discusses the uses of the plant, Erythroxylum coca, how it is cultivated and how its use has changed over time.

From the Paper
"The plant Erythroxylum coca is one of the most influential and important plants in the history of South America and the world. From the time of its first use by man up to the modern day it has played an important role in Andean Culture. It has been widely cultivated and used for a variety of legal and illegal purposes."

Tags:cocaine, columbia, conquistadors, illegal

Abstract
This paper presents a study of Mesoamerican history, social structure, political system, and religious beliefs. The paper discusses the stratification of society into serfdom and nobility and how this affected the Mesoamerican political system and looks at the external influences on Mesoamerican religion. Literature from authorities on Mesoamerican culture is referenced and cited throughout the paper.

From the Paper
"Not only did both societies recognize different ranks of nobility and accord special titles to the heads of noble houses and lords of domains, but in both Spanish and Mesoamerican society, great leeway and regional variation existed in the use of terminology, and, once can surmise, in the fluidity and interdependence of society. In both Spanish and Mesoamerican/Andean society, some commoners rose to be nobles, through wealth or notable deeds, while some borderline nobles were indistinguishable from commoners. In central Mexico as well as Spain, commoners varied greatly in wealth, and significant groups of merchants, retainers, and craftsmen stood out from the mass of commoner-agriculturalists in one way or another."

Tags:conquest, colonization, nahua, slave, ruler, nobles, commercial, organization, yucatan

From the Paper
"The purpose of this paper will be to briefly describe the biosocial aspects of coca production and consumption among the indigenous peoples of the Peruvian Andes. Coca is a plant similar to the rosebush; the leaves of this plant contain a stimulating narcotic when chewed. Until the 1920s or thereabouts, depending upon prohibition by local ordinances, coca was used as the basis for flavoring popular soft drinks worldwide, hence "Coca Cola," and was a major Peruvian export commodity along with coffee. Coca is also the basis for cocaine, a powerful narcotic. At the turn-of-the-century a popular and oft-prescribed medication internationally, cocaine was gradually made illegal from the 1930s through the 1970s. In 1978, cultivation of coca for narcotics uses was made illegal in Peru. Cultivation of small ... "

From the Paper
"Sabine MacCormak, in Religion in the Andes, seeks to correct the historical record with respect to the European interpretation of the religion of the people in the new World. She wants to show that the Europeans suffered under profound prejudices favoring Christianity and denigrating the worth of the religion of the people of early colonial Peru.

With respect to the historical record of the religion of the people of that time and region, the author wants to show that what we know of that religion comes to us primarily from the European Christians who saw the Andean religious beliefs and practices as not worthy of the term "religious." Clearly, in order to morally justify their Christianization of the Andeans, the Europeans first had to believe---or at least pretend to believe---that the religion of the Andeans was inferior to..."

Tags:LATIN, AMERICA

Abstract
"Since AR is defined as the proportion of subjects in each group that is oriented and/ or confused the EER and CER are used to calculate the ARR which is the difference between the EER and CER. The experimental group has a larger oriented population while the controlled group has a lesser oriented population. The relative risk (RR) is the ratio of the risk of one group versus that of another group. The odd ratio (OR) was less for the controlled group and higher for the experimental group. The Number Needed to Treat (NNT) is half the OR."

From the Paper
Internal and External Design Validity Clinical Significance 1. Hypothetical Situation: +------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | Ambient Lighting | Control Group | Experimental group | |-----------------------+-----------------------+------------------------| | Absolute Risk | 240 oriented/60 | 270 oriented/30 | | | confused | confused | |-----------------------+-----------------------+------------------------| | Bright Light (ON) | .25 CER | .11 EER | |-----------------------+-----------------------+------------------------|

Tags:questions, and, answers

Abstract
In the course of nursing practice, nurses will frequently encounter female clients with eating orders and/or obesity. This is because there are so many people in our society who have these conditions. For example, we frequently hear that Western society has an obesity epidemic. This paper will argue that nurses should focus their practice on counselling women to accept and be happy with their bodies, while attempting to live a healthy lifestyle and take adequate exercise. Nurses should not be part of the system that coerces women to diet, with frequently devastating consequences.

Tags:obesity, eating, disorders

Abstract
This paper briefly looks at the history of events that lead to the fall of the popularity of the Church and,finally, to its downfall. Examines the role of Rome in this train of events and discusses the ramification for the future of Christianity.

From the Paper
"This continued in spite of the fact that authorities, upon the pretext of perceiving such behavior as being unfair to other sects, tried to apprehend this as far as possible. By and by, with Christians refusing to go through the formalities of paying homage to the emperor and refusing to appear when they were called upon to join the army, this conflict continued to rise and surge, eventually leading the inevitable inception of the socio-political platform idealistically shaped for the fall of the church (How Rome Became the Center of the Christian World, 2003)."

Tags:rome, christianity, catholic, reform

Abstract
This paper closely examines, evaluates and compares several after-care programs for inmates with HIV/AIDS, STDS, and/or TB. In particular, the research attempts to answer the following question: Are in-prison and after-care programs for inmates with HIV/AIDS, STDS, and TB adequate in meeting their medical needs?

From the Paper
"Implemented Continuum of Care Programs. A Rhode Island program is commonly considered to be one of the best continuum of care programs. The program, initiated by Brown University, Miriam Hospital, the Rhode Island Department of Corrections, and the Rhode Island Department of Health, provides care for inmates with HIV/AIDS in the correctional facility and continued care for them after their release. According to T.P. Dixon and associates (1993), the program includes about 40 community-based organizations and service providers, with comprehensive discharge planning and linkages to substantial community services, and is available to both HIV-positive inmates and high-risk but HIV-negative inmates."

Tags:prison, health, disease, convicted, service

Abstract
The book "And the Earth Did Not Devour Him" by Tomas Rivera, is full of strange and haunting images. The writer shows how these images are found throughout the book, and contribute to the reader's understanding and the book's impact. However, at the very end of the novel there are images that have a particularly powerful significance in terms of the overall meaning of the book. This paper explores some of those images and their possible interpretations.

From the Paper
"When the last scene begins, the boy is under a house, playing hooky from school. As he lies there in the dark, many fragments of thoughts and recollections float through his mind. In a sense, he goes back over the whole book, showing the reader many of the scenes from a slightly different perspective. This is a clear signal from the author that what we are seeing in this scene has significance beyond just for this chapter."

Tags:haunting, mind, mexican