Abstract
This paper, Modern Human Ancestry at the Peripheries: An article review, is a very critical look at an article written by anthropologists for science magazine. THe article discusses the replacement theory and has anti-evolutionary ideologies, ones that don't make much sense, placed in an article that is poorly written, badly explained and muddled with academic high-mindedness.

From the Paper
Modern Human Ancestry at the Peripheries: An article review. Milford H. Wolpoff, John Hawks, David W. Frayer and Keith Hunley. "Modern Human Ancestry at the Peripheries: A Test of the Replacement Theory," Science, volume 291, January 2001. Pages 293-297. "Modern Human Ancestry at the Peripheries: A Test of the Replacement Theory," by Milford H. Wolpoff, John Hawks, David W. Frayer and Keith Hunley is an explanation of the failure of the replacement theory on the skulls of "modern" men. It is hard to read this piece within a scientific context, and it is fraught with scientific and academic pratfalls that make it a half-baked, self-congratulating piece of creationist, anti-

Tags:science, modern, origin of species

Abstract
An examination of the evolution of man from the earliest Australopithecus through to the three branches of the "family tree" to the dead end species of neanderthalensis and finally to modern homo sapiens. Anatomically modern man did not just spring up from nowhere, he comes from a long line of hominids that extends back many millions of years. The author discusses evidence such as tool types including social structures and the development of language.

From the Paper
"Other diverse aspects that mark differences between the Australopithecines and Homo habilis are possible social organizations and the aspect of communication through language, however these diverse changes were still beginning and therefore were not as organized or developed as compared to those of Homo sapiens.
The Homo Erectus followed the Handy man it can be seen by the later too types and development of this hominid that new ideas and understandings were being developed which leads archaeologists to realize that as with the evolutionary changes to physiology and skeletal frames the brain case was changing and developing the human mind."

Tags:modern, evolution, people, homo, sapiens, neanderthals, habilis, hominids

Abstract
This paper discusses the cultural victimization of the Japanese internment marking the beginning of the American entry into World War II. The paper explains that there was no remittance given to any Japanese-American, and ethnicity was the only real determining factor for incarceration within a camp. The writer points out that, even people of significant social importance and wealth, who were second and even third generation Japanese-Americans, were evacuated, as can be attested to by the incarceration and internment of the well-known and well-respected Stanford professor, Yamato Ichihashi.

From the Paper
"Immigrants have always offered a colorful perspective of the lands they choose to settle. As outsiders they can view customs and traditions that the natural born citizen simply take to be a standard practice, in most if not all places. Yet, immigrants make it clear that the world is not so similar and something even as simple as the way a person holds his or her head can be different in nearly every culture. It is with this special perspective that the voices of immigrants color the world in which they live. Yet, as outsiders their perspective or reality rarely achieved appreciation form those who fear the unknown. It is for this reason that the immigrant is often the victim of oppression and subjugation that further colors their view of their chosen culture and can also starkly affect their worldview for the rest of their lives."

Tags:concentration, camps, asian

Abstract
The following paper critically analyzes the concept of ?Melting Pot? which is a term that supposedly defines America as a land of the free and home to all cultures, races, and ancestries. The author makes reference to two journal articles which claim that ?Americanness? is an idea that has always been linked with ?Whiteness? and that ?whiteness? can not exist, without something against which to define itself - ?blackness?.


From the paper:

?But in the 1960s and '70s, a more inclusive ideology was suggested -- ?a stew? or ?mixed salad? term was beginning to emerge as the American label. This term recognized that immigrants to America might maintain their distinct cultures, languages and traditions, their ethnicity or ancestry, while at the same time recognizing their ?Americanness.? (Chideya, 1999) While this term equally recognizes the presence of many different cultures, in my opinion, it doesn?t quite articulate the mixture and combing and cultures as it is in America.?

Tags:cultures, races, and ancestries assimilation ideology white black individual development

Abstract
This paper is critical of Bliss Broyard's "One Drop: My Father's Hidden Life - A Story of Race and Family Secrets". The author points out that the problem with "One Drop" is that it is not only the story of Broyard's discovery that she has some African-American ancestry and what that means for her opinion on race. It also is the story of her father, Anatole Broyard, her immediate family, her father's family and the history of race relations in the United States. The paper concludes that Broyard's complex memoir makes very clear that she spent much of her life feeling very conflicted about race. The reader is left with no real answer to her questions about America's system of race discrimination and its impact on people of mixed ancestry.

From the Paper
"Broyard's story of her father and his decision to pass reveals a level of dishonesty by the man that was so dramatic that it actually evokes a feeling of pity for him. The decision to pass as white, whether it was initially intentional, or a just the side effect of not being rejected as a black man when people mistakenly believed he was white, was clearly something that impacted Anatole's life in a dramatic manner. He distanced himself from his family, and his children had no real relationship with either of his sisters or his parents, though their grandmother was alive for much of their childhood."

Tags:genealogy, neophyte, emotion, ignorance, self-identify

Abstract
This paper considers the life of Joanna of Castile by examining her ancestry and childhood. Reflection is then given to the circumstances surrounding Joanna's marriage and relationship with her husband, while also considering the worldviews of the 14th century. The paper concludes by attempting to respond to whether Joanna was truly mad, or whether the men who controlled her were just using this accusation as a way of obtaining their political ambitions.

Outline:
Introduction
Ancestry and Childhood
A Wife, a Mother, and 14th Century Worldviews
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Joanna of Castile (1479-1555), or "Joan the Mad," the daughter of King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella, is "best known for her infatuation with her husband and apparent madness after his death" (Jeannine Dugan, 2007). Wild, impetuous, but possibly not insane, Joanna spent the majority of her life imprisoned by her own father not long after the birth of her youngest child in 1507. Almost fifty years later, abandoned and alone, and considered as being totally mad, Queen Juana l of Castile died in her windowless prison at the age of 75 years. "

Tags:royalty, ferdinand, isabella

Abstract
In the year 2000 the Irish population of the United States (those of Irish ancestry) numbered 33.1 million, almost nine times the population of Ireland itself. The paper shows that aside from the sheer number of their population, the Irish historically have had an influence on labor and the labor movement ever since they arrived. This paper examines data from the 1990 consensus and the 2000 consensus to discuss several facts about the Irish-American population in the labor force.

From the Paper
"The data collected from the 1990 census, where statistics on demographic populations were broken down by ancestry, not just general racial categories, indicates that this situation has now changed. Both the Labor Force Characteristics for Selected Ancestry Groups and the Selected Characteristics for Persons of Irish Ancestry were used. Data in the 2000 census was collected differently to comply with laws enacted several decades ago. Lost in this new configuration, however, is the ability to draw information about groups based on ancestry. For that reason, the 1990 census is a more effective gage of the current status of Irish-Americans in the present United States labor force. There is little doubt that despite the fact that Irish-Americans were once the pariahs of the labor market, the assimilation and acculturation of that population into the American mainstream has changed that situation drastically."

Tags:migrant, ancestory

Abstract
Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) was a noted poet and satirist of Irish ancestry. "Cadenus" was one of Dean Swift's many pseudonyms, and it is an anagram of the word "decanus," which is Latin for "dean." The poem "Cadenus and Vanessa" is one of Swift's best poetic works. It was written in 1713 and published in 1726.

From the Paper
"Jonathan Swift (1667-1745) was a noted poet and satirist of Irish ancestry. "Cadenus" was one of Dean Swift's many pseudonyms, and it is an anagram of the word "decanus," which is Latin for "dean." The poem "Cadenus and Vanessa" is one of Swift's best poetic works. It was written in 1713 and published in 1726. The poem provides an account of Swift's relationship with Esther Vanhomrigh, and it was intended to discourage her passion for him. The delay in publication was because Esther asked that the poem not be published until after her death (Jaffe 291).

"Cadenus and Vanessa" is Swift's longest poem. It is addressed to one of the two most important women in his life and is central to Swift's beliefs:
It uses his narrative powers to present a moral fable..."

Abstract
This paper examines how Henry II was capable ruler who introduced a number of legal and social reforms enabling England to turn into a prosperous nation. The author looks at Henry's early years, his ancestry, his marriage to Eleanor of Aquitaine, and his tumultuous friendship with Thomas Becket. The paper also explores his legal reforms, and Henry's role as a military leader.

From the Paper
"Henry II was born in 1133 and died in 1189. He was the son of Matilda and Geoffrey of Anjou and the grandson of Henry I. Henry succeeded Stephen and married in 1152 to Eleanor of Aquitaine. Henry ruled an empire that stretched from the River Tweed to the Pyrenees. In spite of frequent hostilities with the French king, his own family and rebellious barons (culminating in the great revolt of 1173-74) and his quarrel with Thomas Beckett, Henry maintained control over his positions until shortly before his death. His judicial and administrative reforms, which greatly increased royal control and influence at the expense of the barons, were of great constitutional importance. One of the most remarkable things about Henry II of England is that he perfected the Norman government, which involved the tax and law system, and he was responsible for creating a capable and strong bureaucracy."

Tags:eleanor, anjou, becket, aquitaine, england, tax, nation, thomas, matilda, jury

Abstract
This paper starts by looking at the origins of the two practices, the Ashkenazi from northern Europe and the Sephardic from Spain. It goes on to discuss the cultures of both; it compares a number of areas including religious ceremonies, diet, assimilation, language, politics and non-Israeli populations.

From the paper:

"Jewish people are divided into two major groups based upon their ancestry Sephardic and Ashkenazic. Although the Sephardic group was the among the first Jews to have settled in America, dating back to the 1600s, Ashkenazim now populate most of the United States Jewish population. This paper will take a brief look at the differences between the groups.
Ashkenazic Jews originate from Germany, France, and Eastern Europe. "Ashkenazic" is actually derived from the Hebrew word for "German." Sephardic Jews, on the other hand, originate from Spain. "Sephardic" is derived from the Hebrew word for "Spain."1 Sephardim was expelled from Spain in 1492 and migrated toward the Middle East, Turkey, and Northern Africa."

Tags:hebrew, yiddish, kosher, ceremony