Abstract The idea of a people in revolt against their government is nothing new. The idea of revolt has connotations with violence, people taking up arms against those who are in control and forcing the changes the people desire. Revolution brings about political change. The people looked throughout the world for examples of truly political governments which were representative of the people and not of a small group or ruling class. Anarchy and Communism both present viable options as a result of revolution.
The paper describes anarchy as the theory or doctrine that all forms of government are unnecessary, oppressive and undesirable and should be abolished.
Abstract The paper shows how, throughout history, all forms of government are undesirable and explains the two different lines of anarchist thought: "Left-anarchism" and "Anarcho-capitalism". The paper concludes that humanity would benefit from anarchy.
From the Paper "Some of the most misunderstood theories are often more sensible than the majority of common well-known doctrines. Anarchy is an extremely frequently misconstrued political view. Many people believe anarchists favor chaos and disfavor customary organizations like religion. Most of society does not look at anarchism for what it is; a simple solution to the difficulties many countries are experiencing today, and have been experiencing since the beginning of civilization."
A discussion of the similarities between the arguments presented in Robert Kaplan's "The Coming Anarchy" and Samuel Huntington's "The Global Politics of Civilizations".
900 words (approx. 3.6 pages), 2 sources, 2002, $ 35.95
Abstract This paper is a comparative analysis of the arguments presented in the texts by Robert Kaplan's "The Coming Anarchy" and Samuel Huntington's "The Global Politics of Civilizations".
Abstract This paper discusses how one scholar, Hans Morgenthau developed the thinking of both the theory and application of Realism in international relations. The main assumptions of Realism are discussed including some elements of peace, security, war, power, structure and anarchy. Examples are drawn from contemporary experiences in international relations and compared with Morgenthau's type of Realist paradigm from his time.
From the Paper "Morgenthau's book, "Politics Among Nations" first published in 1948, was one launch of attack on the Idealists. It was written at a time when there was much theoretical crises and thus, a time when there was a search for the truth and ways of seeking to understand the behaviour among states. Thus, Morgenthau's first contribution was the separation of what was real from what were aspirations, the latter being at the heart of Idealist discourse. Morgenthau at this juncture drew on Carr in explaining the idea that Idealists focused on "what should be". However, Morgenthau decided that the crux of a true science should focus on "what is"."
Abstract This paper explains that people who cannot distinguish between civil obedience and blind obedience to authority can have a huge negative impact on society. The author points out that, when people do not obey the laws, anarchy is created and there is a total lack of organization and control. The paper relates that sometimes obeying authority can get out of hand and become too much, such as a police state, when a country's government uses police to exercise strict or oppressive control over the population, denying citizens their civil freedom as in the case of Germany during Hitler.
From the Paper "As a free thinking society, we also learn when we should not obey authority. The idea of having to obey authority is ingrained in our minds at a very young age. We were always taught to obey and respect our parents, teachers, and other family members. If you want to show them respect and show them that you care, you behave in accordance with their rules and regulations. Learning to show respect to those of a higher authority at such a young age is how we develop into respectful adults. A parent's failure to teach the values of obedience and respect for others is failure on their part to help us grow up to be respectful, obedient people. This can lead to negative results in our future when we have to start being sociable and work with others in school, in the work force, and all other aspects of our everyday lives."
Abstract In this study of Book VIII of the 'Republic' by Plato, the writer shows that the philosopher introduces a political cycle beginning in timocracy and leading-- through oligarchy and democracy-- into tyranny. The writer contends that Plato's view of democracy is consistent with his tendency to regard entities with respect to their purest "form". The writer discusses Plato's view that in the case of democracy, pure liberty leads the city-state into anarchy and ultimately, dictatorship.
From the Paper "In Book VIII of Plato's immortal treatise 'The Republic', we find Socrates explaining the nature of the four degenerative or diseased states timocracy, oligarchy, democracy and finally tyranny. Each of these states represents a component of a cycle with one corrupted state preceding the other in succession. In this it is perhaps puzzling that Socrates anticipates that democracy will precede the formation of a tyrannical state, for these two states appear at first glance to be antithetical. In the first Timocratic state, the tricks and devices of war ... "
Abstract This paper is about Emma Goldman and her various theories, political, societal and moral. It focuses on her forty years spent as an American, especially the years when she was an active member of the anarchist party. It details her involvement in the assassination of Henry Frick, and her accusal in the assassination of President McKinley. It also discusses how her divergent views involving feminism without suffrage, created isolation among politics that she lived with her entire life. Her involvement in the burgeoning sexual revolution and her persona as a figurehead of the atheists and a violent inciter is also expanded upon.
From the Paper "Emma Goldman put very little worth upon the idea of government as a protector of the greater society. Emma Goldman rejected the idea that philosophy could ever be political and she spent her time and energy trying to defeat all types of organized government that she so detested. Her radical and uncompromising views on the nature of government left her without a political forum to embrace, and shaped her reaction to and participation in American anarchism? "
Abstract This is the life story of Che Guevara, a legendary guerrilla fighter and revolutionary leader who represented third world countries. He served under Fidel Castro's government in Mexico, and planned to form a major guerilla army to revolutionize Bolivia. This essay marks his impact on the world as a fighter against higher power.
From the Paper "Che Guevara was a Latin American Guerrilla leader and revolutionary theorist who became a hero to the new left radicals. He was convinced that the violent overthrow of the government was the only remedy for the backwardness of third world countries. He joined the revolutionists under Fidel Castro in Mexico and when Fidel came to power he served as prime minister. He then went to revolt in Bolivia. There he was captured and shot near Vallegrand."
Abstract This paper examines the pros and cons of hegemony, institutions, democratization (liberalism), and a growing world economy which the author feels is the answer for the future of the world as they provide long-term answers with few short term costs.
From the Paper "In order to fight terrorism, we first need to define it. Terrorism is defined in the dictionary as political violence. It is considered to be violence or the threat of violence, especially bombing, kidnapping, and assassination, carried out for political purposes. A professor went on to define terrorists directly as non-state actors who seek to change the status quo, frequently through violence, but not always. In order to solve any major problem, you must strike at the root. How do we do this? By taking away the reason for the non-state actors to change the status quo through violence. "
Tags: attacks, bush, george, president, global, hegemony, economy, response, political, violence, policy, states, international, terrorism, terrorist, united, us, usa
An account of the witchtrials in Salem, examining the background, the hysteria, and three individuals- Sarah Good, Bridget Bishop, and Rebecca Nurse, who were tried and hanged for witchcraft.
2,875 words (approx. 11.5 pages), 4 sources, 2002, $ 85.95
Abstract This paper provides an in-depth look at the witch-hunt hysteria that overtook the village of Salem, Massachusetts in the late 17th century. The author discusses the rigid Puritan lifestyle, class systems, possible motivations behind the witch hunting, and the well-known story that started the anarchy, that of the Reverend Parris' household, plagued by suspicion of the occult.
From the Paper "In the late 17th century, the lion quietly walked among the inhabitants of Salem , Massachusetts . Zealously obedient to this admonishment from the apostle Peter, the pious folk of New England searched their souls ? and those of their neighbors ? for even the slightest stain. These Puritan's believed it was their objective to stare down that lion, until Judgment Day saw him vanquished. In the spring and summer of 1692, that great lion roared, and brought with it devastation that tore Salem apart. Nineteen men and women, all having been tried, and convicted of witchcraft, were carted to Gallows Hill, a barren slope on the outskirts of Salem Village , for hanging. Hundreds of others were arrested and imprisoned on witchcraft charges. Dozens languished in jail for months without trials. Then, almost as soon as it had begun, the hysteria that swept through Puritan Massachusetts ended."
Abstract An exploration into the decision-making processes in governmental budgeting. The writer of the paper studies several concepts to explain the budget process, how decisions affecting it, or affected by it, are made and what role policy plays in the whole system.
From the Paper "Within an anarchy organization, decisions are made in one of three ways: by resolution, oversight or flight. A decision by resolution indicates that the decision resolves a problem and is usually only reached after significant amounts of work. Oversight decisions are said to be made when decisions made regarding other problems result in making the decision for the decision-makers. Finally, flight decisions are those which leave the problem unresolved and the choice intact. Unfortunately, oversight and flight decisions are the most common type of decisions made when it comes to budgeting."
Abstract The author of this paper argues that the United States has no choice in adopting its globalist strategy, despite the isolationists' view point - and that September 11 proves this point. The author shows how it is feasible for the world community that the United States leads in law enforcing, economical decisions and the fight against terrorism.
From the Paper "Ruling the world is a matter of spiritual necessity. Retribution for the lives lost to terrorists, dictators, and economic competitors is a matter of divine ordination. More important that retribution, though, is prevention. The only way to prevent terrorism and other matters disadvantageous to America's safety and success is to destroy all those who threaten our interests or disagree with our ideals on a global scale. According to Rabbi Joseph Telushkin, "Trying to kill terrorists before they strike...is the most moral of acts.. [The Talmud says]: 'If someone comes to kill you, wake up early and kill him first.' " (160) In the case of the current global situation, the best defense is offense against nations that breed terrorism."
Abstract The author states the late Victorian period in England was a unique time in that country's literary history. Both literature and the political culture supported one another by different notions of England's future. Matthew Arnold addressed directly issues of the purpose of English culture and the English nation.
From the Paper "Matthew Arnold was a conservative writer in the sense that he was not egalitarian. He feared an intrusion of "vulgarity" into the culture and of ?Philistine populism.? (Wilson xvii; xvii) But his ideas were more complex than that. Arnold did believe that the essential thrust of English development should not be so much to expand its physical boundaries, but to create a culture of, as he termed it, ?Sweetness and Light.? "
Abstract This paper looks at William Golding's book "The Lord of the Flies" and its movie version. The paper shows how the book and movie portray certain aspects of society and leadership. The characters of the book are also discussed.
From the Paper "Here there is the formation of the hierarchy that will later set the rules, this pattern continues when the boys meet the others. Two bands of boys are formed, the choir boys with their leader being the former head chorister; Jack, gaining superiority due to his former position and the fact that he can reach top C. Ralph is the leader of the rest of the boys. Here we see the rules start to form. There has been no formal agreement on rules at this stage, only the recognition of a need for leaders. The split resulted in two groups quitet amicably."
This paper discusses Henry David Thoreau's essay "Resistance to Civil Government" and argues that his ideas represent extreme individualism and anarchist ideology.
Abstract This paper examines Thoreau's philosophy of resistance and civil disobedience as the roots of anarchy. The paper shows that within his work, the idea of individualism is paramount. Thoreau's views show that he was deeply skeptical of the government and rejects the view that a person must sacrifice or marginalize her values out of loyalty to her government.
From the Paper "The renowned American author and naturalist Henry David Thoreau is considered to be one of the most influential minds in the American thought and literature. Thoreau had not only great influence on American thought but also on the politics of the world, some of his ideas and concepts that he developed were the most original political doctrines devised by American thinker. We appreciate this more, considering the fact that he was an unconventional thinker. At the heart of Thoreau political philosophy was the concept of individualism, he was a supreme individualist and championed the human spirit against materialism and social conformity. His most famous book, "Walden" 1854 is an eloquent account of his experiment in near solitary living in close harmony with nature, it is also an expression of transcendentalist philosophy. One of Thoreau's most important work, the essay "Resistance to Civil Government" which was later published as "Civil Disobedience 1849, grew out of an overnight stay in prison as a result of his conscientious refusal to pay poll tax that supported the Mexican War which to Thoreau represented an effort to extend slavery. Thoreau's advocacy of civil disobedience as a means for the individual to protest those actions of his government that he considers unjust has had a wide-ranging impact."
