From the Paper
"INTRODUCTION
This research examines environmental health regulation in the United States and Canada. The approach to environmental health regulation in the two countries is compared and contrasted through considerations of historical development, motivations2 for intensified legislation, and current and future trends.

DEFINING ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Environmental health, as a concept, contains elements of both environmental protection and public health, although the scope of environmental health does not encompass the totality of either environmental protection or public health. An important element of environmental protection, as an example, is the development and implementation of public policy to protect sensitive ecological areas. The policies designed to protect areas such as Prince William.."

Abstract
This paper discusses the various sodomy laws that invade people's privacy and govern what they can and cannot do in the bedroom. It states the weird laws in some states, with even life in prison punishments for sodomy. Sodomy laws prohibit oral and anal sex between consenting adults. It includes tables and charts containing historical data about sodomy laws in the United States.

From the Paper
"Many hold the opinion that in a free society, consenting adults should not be put in jail unless they physically harm the person or property of another. The government, however, feels that it has an obligation to protect the people from the use various acts. By making and upholding laws that make these acts illegal, the government goes so far as to govern the bedrooms of American citizens with sodomy or crimes against nature laws. This paper will examine the origin of sodomy laws, their restrictions, their proliferation, and the people's right to privacy. Origin Sodomy laws generally prohibit oral and anal sex, even between consenting adults. The exact origin of sodomy laws is not clear, but they probably stem from religious and historical beliefs about sexuality and sodomy. "

Tags:adults, against, anal, consenting, crimes, laws, nature, oral, sex, sodomy, weird

Abstract
This paper looks at the stages of a child's development as seen through Freud's work. The different stages of development are briefly discussed including; oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital.

From the Paper
"Children are the eyes to the future. How a child's life is formed determines how our future is shaped. Sigmund Freud laid down the basic foundation of a person's personality. He said that person's personality is formed by the time they reach the age of five. Freud said that a child's early experiences determines their adult personalities."

Tags:oral, anal, phallic, latency, genital

Abstract
This paper discusses the diagnosis, treatment and short and long-term prognosis of VATER. The paper relates that, in order to assess VATER, one first needs to understand why this condition is named VATER. VATER stands for V(Vertebral Anomalies--where half of the vertebra is formed or the bones are abnormally small), A (Anal defects, such as anal atresia or imperforate anus), TE (Tracheo-Esophageal Defects--Esophageal atresia with tracheo-esophageal fistula), R (Renal defects--a single umbilical artery, which might be associated with urinary defects), L (Limb Defects--absence or displaced digits or fused digits). The paper concludes that it will be likely be a while before the root cause of VATER-the genes (one or more) are identified.



Outline:
Definition , Age the Disease/Condition is Diagnosed
Diagnosis of VATER
Treatment and Prognosis

From the Paper
"Based on the symptoms that VATER association presents, it would appear that treatment modalities would involve intensive and corrective, and perhaps, repeated or simultaneous, surgery. One of the concepts that are used in the treatment of VATER is combined surgery. This involves a team of surgeons who perform the surgeries simultaneously. A study on three patients illustrates this treatment method. A ten month old boy underwent surgery of the left aortic arch as well as esophagogastronomy for esophageal atresia. The second patient a 15 day old girl also underwent a cardiac procedure and additional surgery to shift the diaphragm. An eight month old boy underwent surgery to repair an atrial septal defect and also surgery of the trachea. All surgeries were successful and the prognosis based on follow up testing was good. (Yamashiro et al., 2007)"

Tags:pre-natal, birth, defects

Abstract
This paper provides an introduction into the life and work of Sigmund Freud and focuses on the five stages of his psychosexual development theory. The paper also discusses how Freud was a pioneer of human development. Not only did he see it as an entire sexual process he did have some ideas that completely revolutionized the way we broke down a person's life style. The author also gives over his personal opinion on Freud's theories and contends that Freud focused almost entirely on male development with little mention of female psychosexual development.

Outline:
Introduction to Sigmund Freud
First Stage: Oral Stage (0 - 2 years)
Second Stage: Anal Stage (2 - 3 years)
Third Stage: Phallic Stage (4 - 5 years)
Fourth Stage: Latency Stage (6 - 12 years)
Fifth Stage: Genital Stage (13 - Adult years)
Conclusion
My Opinion on Psychosexual Development

From the Paper
"As the physical ability to control the anal sphincter matures, the child's attention shifts from the oral to the anal zone. Sigmund Freud's Anal stage said that pleasure is derived through excretion of feces and accomplishing independent toilet goals or training. Children are being toilet trained and are expected to take care of their needs by themselves. Freud believed that this stage is where a child's fascination in the erogenous zone of the anus begins. This stage represents a conflict with the id, ego, and superego (another set of Freud's ideologies). The child is approached with this conflict with the parent's demands. A child's successful completion of this stage depends on how the parents interact with the child while toilet training. If a parent praises the child and gives rewards using the toilet properly and at the right time when the child will successfully go through the stage. "

Tags:id, ego, male, phallic, oral

Abstract
The paper relates that Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been "identified at a higher rate in the tissue of women diagnosed with cervical cancer than among nonaffected controls (citing Salmeron et al., 2003; Balmes, Ritz, & Tager, 2005, p. 245). The paper relates that the disease can cause pathologies including, but not limited to, pain during intercourse, chronic pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, genital warts, and penile, anal, cervical, and vulvar carcinoma (Immerman & Mackey, 1997, p. 443; Lytwyn & Sellors, 1997, p. 113). The paper discusses how although papanicolaou (Pap) tests have led to the decrease in mortality rates caused by cervical cancer, approximately 230,000 women per year die from the disease worldwide.

From the Paper
'Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) has been "identified at a higher rate in the tissue of women diagnosed with cervical cancer than among nonaffected controls" (citing Salmeron et al, 2003; Balmes, Ritz, & Tager, 2005, p...)"

Tags:hpv, etiology, study

Abstract
The paper explains Freud's structural theory about the id, ego and superego, their interaction and how equilibrium between them is necessary for a human to grow normally. The paper then explains Freud's psychosexual stages of development and outlines the oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital stages. Finally, the paper shows how Freud's Oedipus Complex must also be resolved in order for a person to develop healthfully.

Outline:
The Structural Theory of Psychological Development
The Psychosexual Stages of Development
The Oedipus Complex as a Determining Factor in Personality

From the Paper
"Sigmund Freud was undoubtedly one of the most controversial psychologists of the 20th century. His psychoanalysis theory deeply influenced developmental psychology during the 1910s to 1940s, and his theory of psychoanalysis--personality structure, dynamics, psychosexual development, mechanism, and psychotherapy technique was really accepted and favored at the time. However, he did have critics. Not only did psychologists of opposing theories greatly doubt his theory, but also some of his followers countered part of Freud's theory and established different theories that in general are called neo-psychoanalytic theories (Perlman, 1980)."

Tags:id, ego, superego, psychosexual, stages, Oedipus, Complex

Abstract
The paper studies Sigmund Freud and his many theories about sexuality. It details his early childhood and how his theories are used today. It also describes his way of dividing life into five stages: the Oral stage, the Anal stage, the Phallic Stage, the Latency stage, and finally the Genital stage. It concludes by examining the question of Freud's sanity, was he crazy or just a genius?

From the Paper
"Sigmund Freud is best known for his theories about sexuality and how an individual develops from it. In his eyes, sexual development is the main focus of psychopathology. Even though his theories were very controversial they were the most influential in his time and even today are still held very highly in some societies. So, who was this "rebellious" man? What are his theories? Are his theories really valuable today? "

Tags:development, Freud, psychology, sexuality, Sigmund, theory

Abstract
The structural theory is about the id, ego and superego, their interaction and how equilibrium between them is necessary for a human to grow normally. The psychosexual stages of development outline the oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital stages. The Oedipus Complex must also be resolved in order for a person to develop healthily.

Abstract
This paper analyzes Alfred Hitchcock's film "North by Northwest," while detailing the areas in which the director inserted homosexual references, albeit on a sub-textual level. This paper discusses the critical analyses of Robin Wood, author of "The Murderous Gays: Hitchcock's Homophobia" and D.A. Miller author "Anal Rope," who both explore Hitchcock's use of gay images in many of his films. This well-written paper details the manner in which the main character of Roger Thornhill's homosexuality is portrayed as perverse. The writer of this paper clearly describes how Thornhill's character is at first gay, his perception of the perversity of homosexuality which force him to become somebody else, resulting in his being reborn as a heterosexual. This paper also touches on the attitude of the film industry in the 1940s and 1950s regarding the issue of homosexuality, which at the time was considered illegal.

From the Paper
"The scene at Townsend's is a critical situation in Thornhill's character development. This is the first time that Thornhill is introduced to Van Damme, and at this point, Van Damme closes the drapes and turns on the lights. This presents two points that portray a homoerotic meaning. First, drapes in Hitchcock movies are usually portrayed as vaginal symbols. When Van Damme closes the drapes, he is denying Thornhill any kind of heterosexual sex. His turning on the light symbolizes the lighting of Thornhill's passion for Van Damme. The other point is that, with the drapes closed, they are free to do whatever they want without the intrusion of voyeuristic eyes. This is the beginning of the subtextual homoerotic relationship between Thornhill and Van Damme, which will play a major part in the overall context of homosexuality in the film."

Tags:film, analysis, gender, director, homosexuality, gay, industry