Abstract
The purpose of this study is to look at aerobic and anaerobic conditioning and exercise. Female soccer players are used for this study and the results of how well they do on specific tests are measured. The study also examines whether those that perform better on these tests are also better soccer players and concludes whether this type of training and exercise has an effect on the performance of female high school soccer players.

Introduction
Demographics
Background of the Study
Who am I as a Teacher?
How did I get to be that Way?
How did I get Here?
Personal Motivation
Rationale
Teacher Action Research
The Study
Purpose of the Study
The Research Question
What are the Issues and Concerns?
Overview
Review of the Literature
Procedures
Overview
Initial Testing
Test #1 - 1 Mile Run
Test #2 the Coopers Test
Test #3 40-yard Sprint
Test #4 300-yard Shuttle
Test #5 200-yard Dash
Test #6 400-yard Test
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Marple Newtown School District is a suburban Philadelphia school district in Delaware County, Pennsylvania, in a community of approximately 35,000 people, most of who are involved in business and the professions. There are approximately 3,500 students enrolled in grade K through 12. Accelerated and advanced placement courses are offered in all academic areas. The academic curriculum of the district reflects the strength of traditional programs while meeting the changing needs of a technological society."

Tags:elective, courses, extra-curricular, activities, athletics, energy, oxygen, muscle, blood, flow, nutrition

Abstract
This paper addresses three aspects of bacteriology--photosynthesis research funding for the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of RuBP with CO2, the change in metabolism of anaerobic bacteria in summer, and the way the immune system could leverage the need for an inteact plasma membrane and the secretion of proteins that form pores in membranes as a device for disrupting the membranes of foreign cells.

From the Paper
"I would advise the Ways and Means Committee that the U.S. Department of Agriculture should continue to fund photosynthesis research as a mechanism for restoring Earth's atmosphere from one laden with toxins and pollutants to one that is purified and more healthful. As the International Society of Photosynthesis Research asserts; "Photosynthetic processes in natural ecosystems, agriculture and forestry are first responders to global climate change and continue to attract intensive creative research from molecular to global scales." Furthermore, photosynthesis research affects all of..."

Tags:bacteriology, glycolysis, anoxic, anaerobic, RuBP, CO2, immune, pores, proteins, foreign cells

Abstract
This paper explains that recent changes in swine-management practices, concentrated animal feeding operations (CAFOs), have resulted in a growing controversy surrounding the environmental and public health effects of modern swine production. The author points out two problems in swine-management practices, including an increase in health hazards because of the confined spaces, and public relations problems for the industry, particularly in the communities immediately situated near such facilities. The paper relates that the industry deal with these issues by using sound environmental health practices in the workplace and by providing anaerobic lagoons to help remediate the large amount of biological wastes that are inevitably generated at such CAFOs.

Table of Contents
Introduction
Review and Discussion
Background and Overview
Environmental and Health Hazards Associated with CAFOs for Swine
Current and Future Trends
Conclusion

From the Paper
"During the last half of the 20th century, agricultural growth and development in the United States has become more closely linked to a wide range of social and environmental problems. Partially because of the industrialization of farming and food production, soil and water resources have been degraded, wildlife habitats have been destroyed, and rural communities have been dissolved and uprooted.The scale, mechanization, specialization, capital-intensity, and chemical-intensity of agricultural production have dramatically increased, with the result that large agribusinesses and individual farm operators have come under greater environmental scrutiny associated with the broader "greening" of public opinion since 1970."

Tags:anaerobic, lagoons, waste, contaminants, industrialization

Abstract
This paper examines how it is an evolutionary fact that neither men nor women are born equally and how the genomes of males and females are designed to be different so that physiologically males generally have higher levels of muscular mass, maximal aerobic and anaerobic power. It concentrates on these processes and attempts to explain why there are differences in these between men and women.

From the Paper
"A women's maximal strength in either isometric or dynamic contractions of the leg muscles is on average sixty-five to seventy five percent of a man's maximum value. For trunk muscles women have only sixty to seventy percent of their male counter parts maximal values. The major disadvantage in maximal strength is in elbow flexion and extension. Females can only attain fifty percent of the male's maximum. Women have a smaller muscle mass than men so their maximal muscle strength will be different. There is no evidence for sex differences in the quality of skeletal muscle so it is concluded that muscle mass determines the potential for developing strength."

Tags:aerobic, anaerobic, cardiovascular, exercise, fibres, muscular

Abstract
The paper explores how Dr. Warburg's assertion that lack of oxygen augments the citric acid cycle and therefore facilitates anaerobic glycolysis is borne out by medical studies conducted long after his death; every bit as significantly another major contribution of Dr. Otto Warburg has been that he explicitly linked oxygen levels to tumour growth and aggressiveness. With that in mind, the paper asserts that the augmentation of oxygen is critical in the fight against cancer and that Warburg was decades ahead of his time in linking the absence of oxygen - and the fermentation of sugar - with cancerous activity.

From the Paper
"The following paper will explore and assess the contributions of Dr. Otto Warburg to contemporary theories on cancer therapy. To be more specific, the next several pages will illuminate how Dr. Warburg's assertion that lack of oxygen augments the citric acid cycle and therefore facilitates..."

Tags:oxygen, cancer, procreation

Abstract
The paper explains the processes involved in the production of energy from food, with a focus on the two pathways by which glucose can enter the cell; anaerobic respiration and Kreb's cycle. The paper further explains the purpose of respiration in the mitochondria and the role of the mitochondrial cristae. The paper aims to show that without the specific structure of mitochondria, particularly the cristae and cellular matrix, the Kreb's cycle would not be possible and cells would have a very difficult time obtaining the energy required for carrying out normal cellular processes.

From the Paper
"Mitochondria are double membrane bound organelles present in most eukaryotic cells. The main cellular function of mitochondria is to provide energy for the cell to allow it to move, divide, contract, etc. For this reason, mitochondria are often referred to as the "powerhouse" of the cell.
"The general shape of mitochondria is usually rod-shaped. The inner membrane is composed of folds which project inward. These folds are called cristae. The matrix is inside the space enclosed by the inner membrane. Strands of DNA, ribosomes, and small granules may be present in the matrix. Using these molecules, the mitochondria are able to code for part of their proteins."

Tags:glucose, pyruvate, respiration, cristae, cellular, matrix, ATP, Kreb's, cycle

Abstract
This paper examines the condition of fetal hypoxia, the lack of oxygen to the fetus which can result in stillbirths or fetal depression and how the fetus has built-in compensatory mechanisms to protect it from transient hypoxia. It looks at how experiments in animals have shown that the compensatory mechanisms at play during fetal hypoxia are redistribution of blood flow favoring vital organs, including the heart, brain, adrenal glands and the placenta; a decrease in total oxygen consumption and the dependence of some vascular beds on anaerobic metabolism. It looks at how these compensatory can allow the fetus to survive for moderately long periods of hypoxia (up to 30 minutes) without any decompensation to the vital organs, especially the heart and brain.

From the Paper
"Due to the obvious difficulty of looking at fetal hypoxia in humans, animal models have been employed, but it is believed that they are applicable to the human condition. Experiments in animals have shown that the compensatory mechanisms at play during fetal hypoxia are: redistribution of blood flow favoring vital organs, including the heart, brain, adrenal glands, and the placenta; a decrease in total oxygen consumption; and the dependence of some vascular beds on anaerobic metabolism (Parer, 1997, p. 37). A study by Newman, Peebles, Harding, Springett and Hanson (2000) confirmed that the fetal blood supply redistribution in response to hypoxia functions to protect the vital organs."

Tags:herat, brain, blood, vital, organs

Abstract
This paper defines respiration and distinguishes it from breathing. The paper discusses different chemical pathways in cellular respiration, such as the Krebs cycle, glycolysis, electron transfer pathway, production of ATP and utilization of glucose. The paper also studies aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

From the Paper
"Cellular respiration is the process by which food molecules such as glucose are oxidized to provide energy in the form of adenosinetriphosphate ATP for use by all the energy-consuming activities carried out by the cell. It differs from breathing in that..."

Tags:cellular respiration, respiration, respirsatory pigments, Krebs cycle, glycolysis, electron transfer reaction

Abstract
This paper describes the functions, structure and activity of pyruvate decarboxylase. The paper also explains that the enzyme is very stable, and extremely easy to purify as well as its kinetic property and the oxidation processes for the enzyme. Additionally, the paper describes the anaerobic conditions of pyruvate decarboxylase and the three stages of aerobic respiration. Numerous figures are provided throughout the paper to help explain the topic.

From the Paper
"The curve for v[S], the same as pryuvate decarboxylase, shows that catalytic activity inside of the enzyme has to be regulated by a substrate. The inactive enzyme can only be activated by 2-oxo acids and 2-oxo acid amides. These cannot be a substrate inside of the enzyme. The actual dissociation constant completely depends on electrophilic nature of a carbonyl group, the structure of the activator molecules are completely independent from the saturation concentration of the catalytic activity."

Tags:converge, together, carbon, dioxide, molecules, eliminated, hydroxyethyl, group, transfers, attaches, lipoamide, component, complex, final, transfer, original, form

Abstract
This paper looks at how formerly environmentally damaging methane gas from landfills is now being utilized for direct-use and gas-to-electric projects that not only benefit consumers but are actually responsible for improving the environment.

From the Paper
"Three decades ago the notion of landfills was a distasteful one to most people. Landfills emit natural gases that are a by-product of decomposition of organic waste. Landfill gas emissions give off a noxious odor for those living in close proximity to landfills and the release of gases from aerobic and anaerobic oxygen free processes were thought to be detrimental to the environment. Landfill gas (LFG) is primarily composed of carbon dioxide and methane. Because of this it is flammable and potentially explosive in..."

Tags:waste management, greenhouse effect, alternative sources of fuel, heating, turbines, pollution, anaerobic processes, BMW, electricity, carbon dioxide