Abstract
This 5-page freshman essay looks at the theme of disappearance in Seamus Deane's Reading in the Dark, especially considering the ways this theme intersects with ideas of politics, family, and childhood in the story.

Tags:CHILD ABUSE, YOUTH ISSUES / FAMILY ISSUES, an empty space

Abstract
This paper analyzes the new emphasis placed on space dominance by the U.S. military policy, as explained by Chalmers Johnson in "The Sorrows of Empire". The paper also looks at the politics of the Bush Administration in the post 9/11 era and how this affects U.S. space policy.

From the Paper
"In his review of Chalmers Johnson's "The Sorrows of Empire", Erik Riker Coleman maintains that, from the author's perspective, the policies pursued by the Bush administration in the aftermath of the attacks were a radical ramping-up of the imperial project both abroad and at home. This radical project aimed at total military dominance, includes billions in expenditures aimed at reinforcing and expanding the massive space capability of the U.S. In an unapologetic and strident manner the U S aims to achieve total space domination in..."

Tags:Afghanistan, imperialism, space planes, weaponry, troops, casualties, Space Commission, Bush administration, terrorism, September 11

Abstract
The paper argues that the United States space program is a financial burden on the economy, and therefore, the current program budget should be reduced tremendously. The paper clarifies that this is not to say the space program does not have scientific and educational value, however, the price of such knowledge is just too high for American taxpayers to foot the bill.

From the Paper
"The United States space program is a financial burden on the economy, therefore, the current program budget should be reduced tremendously. This is not to say the space program does not have scientific and educational value, however, the price of such knowledge is just too high for American..."

Tags:space, exploration, budget

Abstract
This paper examines and analyzes the shortages in organizational management that ultimately led to the Columbia space shuttle disaster. It focuses on the investigation following the disaster that showed how NASA's organizational problems contributed greatly to the shuttle's accident. No one single management mistake was responsible but rather it was the combined effect of many. Various problems related to organizational behavior at the basis of the Columbia space shuttle disaster are listed. Additionally, the paper lists various solutions and alternative solutions that would have averted the disaster. The paper concludes by stating that the failure of Columbia had been due to insufficient training of the seven astronauts, poor communications within the institution, insufficient funds, a far too complex organizational structure or an overconfident culture. This paper contains a figure.

Outline:
Case Summary
The Problem Issues
Alternative Solutions
Analysis of Alternative Solutions
The Final Solution
Concluding Remarks

From the Paper
"The case then moves on to identifying the problems and sub-problems. It explains that the reasons for an overzealous culture relied primarily on political forces, emerged from the Cold War 'battles' with the Soviet Union. Having won the competition by sending a man in space at the end of the 1960s, NASA gained the reputation of a winner who could do everything right and better than others. In time, it led them to pay less attention to details and reduce their efforts towards safety. Then, the government cut NASA expenditure, the funding for Space Shuttle Program being reduced by 40 percent. As a consequence then, the organization downsized 42 percent of its employees and outsourced key responsibilities, such as safety oversight. As a consequence, shuttles began to encounter functional difficulties - these were generally related to technological shortages and little was done to improve the organizational behavior at NASA."

Tags:astronauts, NASA, space shuttle program, training

Abstract
A discussion of how time and space drive narrative action in Hemingway's "The Old Man and the Sea" and Solzhenitsyn's "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich". The paper's focus is on the levels at which time and space fuse with memory and dreams.

From the Paper
"Both "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich" and "The Old Man and the Sea" are characterized by a certain unity of time with the manifest action of "One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich" taking place over the course of one day and the manifest action of "The Old Man and the Sea" compressed into several days. Solzhenitsyn focuses on Soviet Gulag political prisoner Ivan Denisovich, Shukhov, and Hemingway on the aging Cuban fisherman, Santiago. In both works, however, other elements of time come into.."

Tags:Time, space, prolepsis, analepsis, Hemingway, Solzhenitsyn

Abstract
This essay reviews the numerous ways that time, space, and change have affected the human existence. In discussing technology, this paper examines the ways in which communication technology, business technology, and technological changes in travel have changed/impacted the importance of time and space on humans. Through these technologies, time is increasingly becoming an irrelevant factor in human existence.

From the Paper
"German philosopher Martin Heiddeger was primarily instrumental for his concern with what it means to exist: to be. In essence, Heiddeger's concern primarily related to the fact that humans come into the world and interact with it, as they have not made any contributions to the things that exist in nature or society, but use these things/objects. In addition, he states these objects "come to humanity from the past and are used in the present for the sake of future goals"."

Tags:time, space, change

Abstract
This paper is a theoretical paper referring to postmodernism's distinction between space and place in relation to the revolution in plastics architecture of the post-WWII era. The paper discusses how several subtopics examine postmodern assumptions on humanity, material culture, consciousness and architecture, arguing that they may prove false. The paper addresses post-1940s synthetic architecture as source of new capability and creativity among architects better able to serve their public. The paper's last sections refer to the need for humanist architecture as a solution to much affecting design and its criticism in early 21st century. The paper also touches upon creolization, the eventual breakdown of globalization, derivative forms, total spaces and the retained or intensified human sense of place.

Tags:space/place, pomo critique, plastics

Abstract
This paper discusses Immanuel Kant's ideas about space and time, showing how they flowed from Newton and then developed as a mental construct more than a description of any reality. The paper shows that these ideas were bound with Kant's ideas about human consciousness and the relationship between perceptions and reality, human thought and the material world, as part of Kant's theory of knowledge.

From the Paper
"Immanuel Kant is best known as a moral philosopher, though his writings address many other issues and include an ontological discussion of questions about space, time, and the relationship of man to God. Such questions are closely bound with Kant's ideas about human consciousness and the relationship between perceptions and reality, human thought and the material world. Moral philosophy is also known as ethics and consists of the study of certain values which help determine human behavior. Different theorists take different approaches to the issue. An interesting and complex approach is offered by Immanuel Kant. Bernard Williams notes that Kant relies on some ideas which are not shared by other modern theorists, "in particular that a commitment to the basic principle of morality (the so-called `Categorical Imperative') is presupposed by the very activity of a rational agent" (Williams 555)."

Tags:kant, space, time

Abstract
The paper argues that "Lara Croft" may seem like an empowering role model for some women because of the way she triumphs in an apparently male-dominated world. However, Lara merely comes across as an object designed to inspire male fantasy as demonstrated by her clothing, demeanor, and relationships, all of which beckon for attention from a predominantly male audience. The paper argues that Lara's haughty behavior and demeanor not only broadcast the false message that a woman needs to be improper to succeed, but are also used in a way to shamelessly draw male attention. Finally, the fact that Lara doesn't have any men in her life at first gives the impression that she is a strong, independent woman. Though, as this paper explores, she is actually quite dependent on her father, while the absence of a male by her side invites the male viewer to occupy that empty space in his imagination.

From the Paper
"Thus, male clothing becomes synonymous with victory over males, and Lara ostensibly becomes a symbol of female empowerment as one who transcends the overwhelming obstacles set forth by a male dominated society - all with the aid of her attire. In actuality, however, Lara's victory-by-apparel suggests that if a woman is to succeed in a male dominated world, she must wear a man's clothes, which ultimately disassociates her with her feminine identity, despite the feminine features her clothing may accentuate. Instead of signaling empowerment, Lara's clothes acknowledge that one must possess male traits in order to excel in an openly male-dominated world."

Tags:butler, sexual, tension, independence, emancipation

Abstract
This paper provides an analysis of the history of blue and green landscape painting in Chinese culture, focusing on ancient masters of the tradition. The moral purpose of landscape painting is explored, including the combination of inner spirit and nature reflective of a majority of such works.

From the Paper
"Different landscape schools or movements of painting have arisen throughout human history. Both material and documentary evidence exist for the study of blue-and-green landscape representation in early Chinese art. As renowned Chinese arts scholar, Michael Sullivan, explains only some of these representations were rendered in painting. There have survived from the Han and pre-Han periods objects on which landscape is depicted in varying degrees of naturalism or stylization, such as stone reliefs, inlaid bronzes textiles..."

Tags:Han, T'ang, dynasties, Buddhism, Taoism, culture, Yin, Yang, empty space, cosmos, reflection, understanding