Abstract
In this article, the writer discusses that since the first "alphabet soup" agency proposed by Franklin Roosevelt, the New Deal has been assailed as socialism in America, and as a break with history and the American spirit. The writer maintains that from the turn of the twentieth century until the outbreak of World War II, the threat from both Fascism and Communism remained all too real, and this paper aims to show that the New Deal's relative moderation in fact saved America from a revolution. By tracing the history of 'un-Americanism' and the official Congressional Committee tasked with rooting it out, one may see just how threatened the United States has been - and just how close the country came to full-scale rebellion.

From the Paper
"What does it mean to be 'un-American?' For most of the twentieth century, a congressional committee took upon itself the mission of defining that vague and often misused term. The committee went through different iterations and attacked different targets. By 1946, one thing was clear: the most un-American belief one could hold was that of Communism. Before then, however, the McCormack-Dickstein Committee, precursor to the House Un-American Activities Committee, had as its task the investigation of fascism and fascist plots. The very definition of 'un-Americanism' has evolved at an astounding pace throughout the twentieth century, and continues to change to this day. It was under the chairmanship of Martin Dies, however, that the committee took up the crusade for which it was most infamous and which would last for half a century: anti-communism."

Tags:history, United States, communism, fascism, revolution, un-Americanism, mccarthyism

Abstract
This paper discusses the rise of anti-Americanism in recent years. The author demonstrates that while these anti-Americanism feelings are not entirely new, events in the last two decades, such as the collapse of the World Trade Center, the invasion of Afghanistan and the Abu Ghraib Prison scandal, amongst others, have lead to the rise of anti-American feelings. The reputation of America as a unilateral and power hungry nation has also been reinforced abroad through events such as these. The paper examines the prevailing causes to this rising tide of anti-Americanism and tries to find out if a proper course of correction can be determined.

Ouline:
The Issue - How Should the U.S Deal with rising anti-Americanism
Background
What Policy Options Do We Have
Prognosis for the Future

From the Paper
" The collapse of the World Trade Center, the invasion of Afghanistan, the extended terms of detention at Guaantonimao Bay, the American Lead toppling of the Iraqi regime, and the Abu Grade Prison scandal. Each of these events has left a far-reaching impact on the persona of the United States abroad. The course of action that followed the events of September 11, 2001 was a continuation down the road of American power and unilateralism. The after effects of these actions have left a serious rift in Alliances between some of America's oldest and greatest allies and cast a dark shadow over America's image across the globe."

Tags:foreign relations, unilateralism politics

Abstract
The paper relates that there are few other icons that are more connected to the growth of the American dream, its culture and the iconography of this nation, than the hamburger sandwich, known today simply as the burger. The paper explores the hamburger's true origin. The paper discusses how the hamburger and the fast food industry have transformed marketing and even the architecture of the US.

From the Paper
"Studying the hamburger's true origin has proven difficult, as its popularity growth has been so expansive that the idea's origin likely got thrown out with the paper first used to wrap it for "take out." As the Hamburger today website points out, there are three prevailing claims to the invention of the hamburger, and as it was not a coveted offering and only today are people seeking to ground it in tradition, even in the age of exponential patent growth, it does not have a documented history."

Tags:fast, food, industry, marketing, architecture, culture

Abstract
This paper explains the origins of hatred in the Middle East linking it to the U.S. Foreign Policy. The author cites examples of US involvement in the region -- emphasizing the US's bias towards Israel over its neighboring countries, Jordan, Egypt etc.

From the Paper
"It is said that U.S. Foreign Policy is to blame for widespread anti-Americanism in the Middle Eastern nations and regions. Major policy critics and politicians for instance Zunes, Chomsky, Telhami, and Blum brought up many important issues that are directly linked to the foreign policy. Political and military actions taken by the United States in the past raised much disapproval and hate in the Muslim world population and planted a cause for the formation of Islamic extremist groups and their followers."

Tags:america, arabs, east, foreign, hate, hatred, iraq, middle, military, policy, us, violence

Abstract
Providing an overview of Micheal Lind's "The Next American Nation" and Peter Brimelow's "Alien Nation", this paper is both in part a book review, as well as an analytical essay on a specific topic, immigration. Using data and information from each book, the writer produces a series of arguments that impose an argument against, or severely limiting, immigration into the United States. Then, the writer looks at the factual pitfalls or problems with the arguments in each book. In the end, the essayist argues that the books are not to be wholly judged on their information, but rather their message - that immigration is a growing problem and that action must be taken.

Outline:
Book Synopses
The Next American Nation
Alien Nation
The Arguments
Stronger Arguments

From the Paper
"As it can be seen from the structure of the book chapters, The Next American Generation commences with an assessment of the historic past of the United States. "Picture North America in the year 2000 A.D., as Thomas Jefferson might have imagined it in 1800" (Lind, 1995). It then moves on to assessing the development of the country through time, from the beginnings of the United States as a British colony, to eventually analyze the contemporaneous elements, and come to an end suggesting that the future can be different, better different, if we learn how to better deal with immigrants. Lind recognizes the dissatisfactions of the working native born Americans, who argue that immigration causes them to lose their jobs or forces them to accept lower levels of remuneration. Despite these however, immigration is presented as a greater force, out of which the impact on certain classes of American workers is a mere component.
"Reading the book, the individual will become aware that Lind is a great admirer of French history, with its gradual successions in power. Based on this model then, he constructs the image of a United States in four different republic forms, all centered on the elements of a democratic republic, and ruled by multi party parliaments. Each of these moments in time is organized and assessed within a different chapter."

Tags:revolution, americanism, michael, lind, immigration, society

Abstract
This paper describes the war that existed in the Philippines after the Spain's defeat at the hands of the United States during the Spanish-American War. As a direct result of the war, the Philippines were given to the United States and the Filipino people who originally believed that they were fighting a war for freedom and independence against the Spanish begin to turn against American troops who they view as simply another occupying force. The first part of the paper gives a background to the Filipino insurgency and its main leader, General Emilio Aguinaldo. Aguinaldo's tactics of fighting a guerrilla war against American troops is examined, as well as the effectiveness of these attacks on shocking the American public back home. Feeling betrayed by America who promised the Filipino people freedom after the Spanish were defeated, Aguinaldo embarked on a series of deadly attacks on American soldiers in the Philippines. As a result, American troops responded with equal brutality in their reprisals with very little organized military command holding them back. Diaries are heavily cited in this section of the paper, giving primary sources that tell of how desperate the American soldiers were at the time and how they needed to racially dehumanize the enemy in order to commit such vicious acts of reprisal. The second part of the paper deals with how the American press responded to the war. Numerous newspaper articles and other criticisms of the war are given as examples, some written by the early 20th century's most prominent figures such as Mark Twain. The general point of this section is to show how deeply divided the American public was over the war in the Philippines and how many felt that it would lead to American involvement in other world affairs. A direct parallel is also drawn to the Iraq War in modernity. Finally, the paper ends with a detailed account of how individual soldiers from both sides viewed the conflict. The Filipinos clearly viewed the insurgency as a necessary action in order to preserve their promised independence, while many American soldiers were disgusted and frustrated with why they were in the country to begin with, and often responded violently towards the natives since they began to view them as subhuman. The psychology of warfare is briefly discussed, as soldiers often dehumanize the enemy as a means of justification of their own violent behavior. The end of the insurgency is also discussed, with American troops brutally putting down the rebellion and establishing a tight control over the entire area for decades.

From the Paper
"On April 11th, 1898, the President of the United States William McKinley went to Congress and asked the elected body to declare war on Spain for their role in oppression overseas and to accommodate public opinion that was strongly anti-Spanish due to the sinking of the United States battleship Maine only a few months earlier that was blamed on Spanish agents. Congress eventually sanctioned the war, and the Spanish-American war commenced with several battles over Spanish colonies such as Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. The war itself was over fairly quickly, as hostilities were ended only a few months after war was officially declared. The involvement in the former Spanish colonies clearly demonstrated that America had shifted to a strong imperialistic attitude when it came to the Western Hemisphere and indeed the world in general, and would be forced to endure all of the benefits and tribulations that came from being an imperialistic power."

Tags:aguinaldo, american, emilio, filipino, history, philippines, spanish, war, wars

Abstract
This paper examines the internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II by comparing this action with the freedom experienced by German-Americans during the same period. The author questions the inherent racism of Americans that enabled such an occurrence to be legally sanctioned, while German-Americans lived their lives freely, although Hitler and Germany were also enemies of America during World War II. The paper then presents a detailed background of the Japanese immigrant experience in America, contrasting this with the American ideal of freedom and the reality of racism. The experiences of African and Native-Americans are also considered. The paper then describes the actual Japanese internment, which was unprecedented event in American history. The paper further states how the Internment still has an effect on the psyche of the Japanese-American population today. The author concludes that the internment of Japanese-Americans during the Second World War was one of the great tragedies of American history.

Outline:
Introduction
Background: The Japanese Experience in America
Prejudice Unleashed: The Internment Experience
Conclusion

From the Paper
" Naturally, the situation was worse the further removed from the Anglo-Saxon ideal a group might chance to be. After the Civil War, the newly reunited nation demanded a huge supply of cheap labor to build its rapidly expanding railroad network. In the West, this labor was provided, to a large extent, by settlers from Japan and China. Labor Contractors, generally Japanese or Chinese themselves actively recruited these workers and brought them to America. They helped to lay the foundations of America's industrial prosperity. White American racial attitudes combined with a nationwide railroad strike in 1877 to create the necessary conditions for a crackdown on Asian immigration. The Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 was soon followed by other, stricter acts, in 1892, 1902, and 1904. And as White America saw little, if any difference, between Japanese and any other Asians, the anti-Chinese immigration laws were followed by a Japanese Exclusion Act in 1907. By 1924, the United States had imposed an almost total ban on all immigration from East Asia, ..."

Tags:Japanese-Americans, internment, World, War, II, immigrant, experiences

Abstract
One of the most poignant quotes in American literature comes from Donald Briscoe, who stated that "To understand American Literature, it is necessary to examine both its fiction and its non- fiction because the key to the American Spirit can be found in both." This paper assesses Briscoe's quote through addressing two works of American fiction and two works of American non- fiction with the intent of proving how the spirit of the American people is reflected in both types of literature.

Tags:assessing, the, american

Abstract
This paper uses extensive information about colonial America and discusses the issue of an American identity. Analysis of the film 1776 and Thomas Paine?s Common Sense is used to demonstrate the strength of this identity. The thesis is as follows: As the film 1776 clearly demonstrates, during the American Revolution an American identity was stronger than it had ever been.

From the paper:

"Early American colonies were viewed as very individual and indeed in many instances had much closer ties to England than they did with each other. However, ties with England began to fray due to the poor of the colonies by England. Early examples of this were the Navigation Acts of 1660, which regulated commerce and ensured that ?everything went through England.? From this time, an American identity began to form. As tensions between England and the colonies grew stronger other factors arose to further the development of an American identity. ?Choice? in shopping and material possessions and the ?standardization of consumer behavior? (similar goods being available throughout the colonies ) enhanced unity throughout America. As the film 1776 clearly demonstrates, during the American Revolution an American identity was stronger than it had ever been."

Tags:1776, american, common, fathers, founding, independance, revolution, sense

Abstract
The paper looks at how Vacc, Devaney and Brendel (2003) state that the most significant issue connected to counseling Arab-Americans relate to both the historical perceptions of the social group, as well as the social perceptions of this portion of the population (p. 119). The paper discusses how Vacc, Devaney and Brendel (2004) argue that throughout history the Arab-American has been capable of disappearing into the "melting pot" because he or she is often confused with many other social groups, such as Hispanics, Asians or Native Americans (p. 119). The paper discusses how historically, Arab-Americans have ignored their heritage or even attempted to hide it because of the general perception in the United States that this heritage somehow held negative connotations and that those of Arab ancestry would not be accepted socially, and after September 11th, this willingness to hide their heritage became almost a necessity because of the general American sentiment that all people of an Arab background were terrorists (p. 119). Yet, the paper looks at how Vacc, Devaney and Brendel (2003) specify that over the course of time the need for Arab-Americans to defend their heritage and potentially prove themselves to be valuable members of society has overtaken fear and more Arab-Americans are now demonstrating pride in their culture (p. 119).

Tags:arab, americans, counselling