This paper discusses the history of the AmericanIndianboardingschools and their influence in developing ?pan-Indianism?, which connected individuals from different tribes.
Abstract This paper explains that the "Friends of the AmericanIndians" believed that education was the only answer to the "Indian problem" to assimilate Native Americans into Euro-American society. The author points out that, whereas, the mission schools were traditionally located on the reservations, the "retraining" process meant that the government-influenced boardingschools were located off of the reservations, usually many miles away from families, so that many children were not able to see their families for years at a time. The paper relates that, although the tribal traditionalists strongly were opposed to families sending their children to distant schools to learn the "white man's" ways, grinding poverty and the overwhelming hopelessness of reservation life caused many Indian parents to consider the possibility of sending their children to find a more prosperous life.
From the Paper "Many times the child was not told ahead of time that they would be leaving home to attend the boarding school. This resulted in a child resisting or fleeing home and hiding in the woods or with sympathetic relatives. The child might also runaway upon reaching the boarding school. One student's account is recorded at the Clark Historical Library (1999). He remembered that on the day that he left, his mother pack his lunch, simply handed it to him, and sent him off to a day school he was attending. When he arrived at the school, he was then told that he was to leave immediately. He and several other children were told to get into a truck prepared with a wire cage. The cage was to keep them from fleeing, and they were then driven to the nearest railroad station."
Abstract The paper discusses the Indianboardingschools that represent an early attempt to subjugate the Native American culture. The author believes that the schools disappeared due to reports of mistreatment of the children and financial concerns. The author states that the schools should serve as a reminder that our nation has learned much about cultural diversity.
From the Paper "Boarding schools first became vogue prior to the American Civil War. During this time, idealistic reformers put forth the idea that Indians could become "civilized" with the proper education and treatment. Prior to this time, most white Americans had seen the American Indian population with great fear. Captain Richard Henry Pratt was one of the leading proponents of this movement and believed that he could "kill the Indian and save the man." "
This paper reviews and examines Donald Hughes' book "North AmericanIndian Ecology" which focuses on a wide range of ecological and environmental issues faced by Native AmericanIndians in the 20th century.
Abstract This paper explores and details North AmericanIndian life and culture as portrayed in Donald Hughes' book "North AmericanIndian Ecology." This paper discusses the land issues facing the North AmericanIndian tribes including overgrazing, erosion and assessments of appropriate land usage. The writer of this paper finds Hughes' book to be straightforward and concise in clarifying the characteristics of Indian life such as hunting, food growing and rituals.
From the Paper "Tribes are having to mediate the disparate demands of their members and the industrial mindset of the BIA to balance forest use for economic need and preservation for cultural need. Tribes face many of the same problems as non-Native communities held hostage by the timber industry. Replanting has not always kept pace with harvesting on public or trust lands. The push to harvest old-growth timber is constrained by federal mandates to protect endangered species habitats, putting people out of work. Few local communities gain the "value-added" benefits of processing their own timber especially jobs and new businesses and when they do the environmental impact of mill sites has to be factored into any cost-benefit analysis."
Abstract This paper studies the statistically high rate of suicide among AmericanIndian youth, focusing on the impact of acculturation. The paper begins with a brief discussion of the suicide statistics and their distribution among particular tribes. Then the paper takes a critical look at the historical phenomenon of acculturation. Among the effects of acculturation examined are geographic isolation and confinement to the reservation, which led to the disorganization of traditional family structures. The paper then explores how these impacted the negative self-image of youth, and in particular male youth, which is a major contributor to suicide.
From the Paper "In a white man's society the American Indian held little status. While there was slavery, black man may have been deprived of his body and labor and kept from being a part of white society; the American Indian was robbed of his land and forced to acculturate. The American Indians were not free to practice their religion in a land that proclaimed religious freedom. When the census was taken, a black man was counted as half a person; an American Indian was not even considered a human being. This only changed when the white man wanted to buy land; legally an American Indian had to be a human being to sell it (Allen 1973)."
Abstract This paper examines the theoretical approach, explores its historical underpinnings, and examines the main features that characterize South America. It is evident that understanding how and why South American societies developed as they did requires investigating the influence of environment. This paper focuses on environments subsistence and related levels of sociopolitical integration from Teirra del Fuego to the Amazon Basin and the Andes because these factors have all interacted as the history of South America. "
From the Paper "South American Indians: An Analysis of Course Themes In discussing the theoretical approach we are taking in this course, exploring its historical underpinnings, and examining the main features that characterize it, it is evident that understanding how and why South American societies developed as they did requires investigating the influence of environment. Our class survey of the archeology and ethnography of indigenous South Americans over the past thirteen-thousand years is focusing on environments, subsistence, and related levels of sociopolitical integration from Teirra del Fuego to the Amazon Basin and the Andes because these factors have all interacted as the history of South America has unfolded."
Abstract This paper discusses the public apology made by Kevin Gover, the Assistant Secretary of Indian Affairs, to Native Americans for the harsh mistreatment they received at the hands of the U.S. Government. The paper looks at the many aspects of this mistreatment addressed by the apology, and suggests that, although late in coming, a public apology may open the door to reparations for AmericanIndians.
From the Paper "In his speech, Gover made note of the Dawes Severalty Act, passed in 1887. This act was just one in a long line of examples of the early settlers? inability to understand the ways of the Native Americans. The act was created by whites who believed they were helping weak Native Americans by turning them into farmers and land owners. While this act uprooted the Native Americans from their homes and placed them in reservations, the American government alleged that they were helping, rather than hurting the Native Americans simply because of their belief in the superiority of America and of its culture."
Abstract This paper examines "Preparing for Power: America's Elite BoardingSchools", which was first published in 1985 and was marketed again two years later in a reprint edition published in 1987 by Basic Books. The paper shows that the authors, Peter Cookson and Caroline Persell, visited more than sixty Americanboardingschools as they conducted research and gathered institutional, student, and instructor data concerning the curricula, class composition and goals of these elite schools.
From the Paper "Preparing for Power: America's Elite Boarding Schools was first published in 1985 and was marketed again two years later in a reprint edition published in 1987 by Basic Books. The authors, Peter Cookson and Caroline Persell, visited more than sixty American boarding schools as they conducted research and gathered institutional, student, and instructor data concerning the curricula, class composition, and goals of these elite schools."
Abstract This paper addresses the changes in AmericanIndian warfare during the period of western settlement in the 19th century. It gives a summary of Plains Indian culture and reasons for conflict, and details conflicts between settlers and AmericanIndian tribes. The paper's thesis, borne out in historical research, is that the introduction of horses and firearms made conflicts between US relocation forces and unwilling Indian tribesmen bloodier than necessary on both sides. The author does not take sides on the Native American sovereignty issue.
Abstract This paper discusses Peter Iverson's book, "We Are Still Here: AmericanIndians in the 20th Century." It reviews the impact of two major battles between the American army and AmericanIndians namely, the Battle of Little and Big Horn Battle. It explains how these battles led to the 1890 massacre of Sioux men, women and children at Wounded Knee, which was the final battle in the four-centuries-long war between native Americans and European-American settlers.
From the Paper "Peter Iverson certainly knows what happened at the Battle of Little and Big Horn Battle. It was one of the last great battles in the centuries, war between different American Indian nations and European-Americans. The Sioux won that battle of course bringing ..."
Abstract This paper explains that today the AmericanIndian tribes are believed to have sovereign powers, which can be characterized as independent from both the federal and state governments. Therefore, they are considered to be a nation within a nation under the current American legal system. The writer points out that there are, however, limitations to the tribes' jurisdiction. The paper concludes that, as evidenced by the stand off at Wounded Knee and numerous other historical events, it is clear that Native-AmericanIndians desire real authority over their own relations amongst themselves and perceive themselves as degraded by the lack of full sovereignty.
Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Challenges of Native American Sovereignty
Wounded Knee
Conclusion: The Future of Native American Sovereignty
From the Paper "In the end, the events at Wounded Knee were exceedingly far more traumatic for Native American Indians in this country than it was for the white American population. The Wounded Knee incident was a direct result of the near-century long inability for Native Americans to come to an agreement with the majority population on the issue of sovereignty within their lands. The form of tribal government that had been granted to the Natives was thus not efficient in solving problems on reservations."
Tags: self-determination intervention jurisdiction globalization, red power
An examination of the nineteenth century exploitation by whites of AmericanIndians. The theft of their lands, reservations and destruction of their Indian heritage.
1,350 words (approx. 5.4 pages), 3 sources, 1989, $ 47.95
From the Paper " From the Micmac in the Northeast to the Hopi in the Southwest, from the Chinook in the Northwest to the Seminole in the Southeast, the North American continent was filled with Indian tribes when white men first set foot on the shores that would become the United States. For the most part the new white settlers found the Indians to be friendly and willing to trade with them and allow them to share their lands. This friendship would not continue, however, as the white populations grew and exploited the Indian. Much of North America was rich in natural resources which the white men wanted. They also wanted the lands that would provide homes and farms for the constant flow of immigrants that were to arrive.
For the most part the United States government and wealthy easterners were responsible for the Indians losing their land."
Tags:AMERICANINDIAN STUDIES, HISTORY: U.S. (After 1865)
Abstract The paper explores how many programs and government agencies have attempted to address this dilemma of juvenile delinquency. The paper relates that on United States Indian reservations, the current approach to juvenile delinquency includes prevention, intervention and graduated sanctions. The paper offers reasons for the prevalence of this juvenile delinquency and reveals that although the crimes involving delinquent acts by juveniles on AmericanIndian reservations are increasing, the causes are similar to the causes of delinquency of the general population.
Outline:
Brief Background of Juvenile Delinquency
Reasons for the Prevalence of Juvenile Delinquency on Reservations
Conclusion
From the Paper "In the past few decades, juvenile delinquency has emerged as a significant criminal and sociological issue, raising concern among parents, educators, policy-makers and government officials alike. Juvenile delinquency has become a major crime issue on United States American Indian reservations; the public has been overwhelmed with stories from the media, providing graphic evidence of a crime wave generated by American Indian youth living on reservations. According to the Bureau of Prisons, the number of Indian youth in custody has increased by nearly 300% since 1994 (Johnson, 2004). Additionally, statistical data indicates that the arrest rate for Native American youth is about twice that of the overall youth population statewide in North Dakota (Martin, 2002)."
Abstract This paper will discuss how Louis Owens, in his essay "The AmericanIndian Wilderness", evokes the usage of the essay format to describe the ways of the Native Americans in their habitats and the natural environment that they survived in. By revealing a thesis of Native Americans being here first, he states a thesis that can be readily agreed with. We can see how Owens argues for their ownership of the land before the great Manifest Destiny that eventually wiped them out.
Abstract This paper formulates two testable hypotheses to explore the causes behind the theory that the AmericanIndians are underserved by rehabilitation services. Moreover, the paper continues to develop the remaining components of the research in order to test the hypothesis.
Abstract In this paper, four North AmericanIndian myths are analyzed to define the extent to which they illustrate characteristics of myths and legends. The paper brings the theory of the use of language as myth.
From the Paper "Characteristics of Oral and Mythic Literature. Before the invention of writing, the only means of recording human events apart from visual representations, was in stories, myths or legends that were memorized and recited orally to listeners. The universal classics of literature known as the "Iliad" and "Odyssey" created several thousand years ago by the blind Greek poet Homer, were almost certainly recited or chanted and only written down at a much later date."
