Abstract
This paper debates the continuation of the American Farm Bureau (AFB)and examines the influence of the AFB on the quality of our food. The paper discusses the problems that arose for the AFB, after the passage of the Food Quality Protection Act. The paper also claims that the Regulatory Fairness and Openness Act did not fulfill its purpose of keeping the EPA rulings reasonable.

From the Paper
"When the Delaney clause was removed from the books in 1996, the EPA assured the Farm Bureau that it would introduce a sensible approach to measuring and regulating crop protection residues in food supplies using an approach based on scientific data. American farmers were assured that scientific assessment, not perceived risk would be the method used to determine the needed regulations to ensure the safety of our food supply. Unfortunately, the EPA determined by unscientific means that organophosphates and carbamates should no longer be used for crop protection. These chemicals are used to protect many of the fruits and vegetables and have been proven safe by means that are scientific."

Tags:delaney, farmers, epa

Abstract
This paper outlines the American Farm Bureau's position that the Food Quality Protection Act of 1996 (FQPA) can be be met without
restricting or canceling the safe use of pesticides. The paper explains that the FQPA, designed and implemented by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), restricts the use of certain pesticides on any food crops raised in the U.S. and that the Farm Bureau holds that the FQPA must be also be implemented in a manner that will ensure farmers and ranchers continuous access to safe and affordable crop protection.

From the Paper
"The American Farm Bureau supports H. R. 1592, the Regulatory Fairness and Openness Act of 1999. This bill provides for guidance for all EPA limitations or cancellations of pesticides. It requires the EPA to submit a written report identifying areas where assumptions were used when data was insufficient for making tolerance decisions. It also requires the identification of any alternatives to the particular pesticides under review. The EPA must use actual data from scientific research before modifying or revoking tolerances of these pesticides."

Tags:safe, use, advisory, committee, health-related, issues, tolerance, decisions, alternatives

Abstract
This paper delves into Native American history through the work of John Westly Powell, the Head of the Smithsonian's Bureau of Ethnology, to better understand how the current classification of Native American Tribes into cultural families evolved. Ethnology is defined in the paper as one of the four subdivisions of anthropology, which embraces the study of cultures in their traditional forms, as well as their adaptations to changing conditions in the contemporary world. The paper discusses Powell's belief that "race" evolved as a worldview, a collage of prejudgments that distort a person's perceptions about human differences, and group behavior. The researcher asserts that the work of John Wesley Powell, who, contrary to some citizens of the West, saw the Native Americans not as savages, but as people, should be heeded and taken to heart today. This paper contains illustrative photos and figures.

Outline:
Introduction
Native American Considerations
Ethnology Defined
John Wesley Powell
Life Synopsis
Native American Race
The Bureau of American Ethnology
Major Powell and Lewis Henry Morgan
Influence of Morgan's Book
Mutual Nurtured Interests
The Interior Department's Instructions
Conviction to Capture Changes
The Theory of Cultural Evolution
Stevenson's Quest towards a Holistic Positivism
Controversy over Builders of Mounds
Cyrus Thomas and Powell's Perceptions
Monk's Mound at Cahokia, Illinois
Poverty Point, Louisiana
The Moundville Site
Works Cited

From the Paper
" Whitney asserted that rather than stigmatizing the Indians, those who considered themselves civilized should learn everything they could from the Indians. Whitney's words "foreshadowed the theoretical perspective that Powell would pursue later by means of the method of testing mutual intelligibility statements with lexical data". To better understand how the current classification of Native American Tribes into cultural families evolved, this paper explores John Wesley Powell's work as the Head of the Smithsonian's Bureau of Ethnology.
"Prior to the establishment of the Bureau of American Ethnology (BAE), Secretary Joseph Henry, from the start of his tenure, encouraged/supported systematic efforts by the Smithsonian Institution to develop a linguistic classification. For Henry, language merited a vital status in constructing human history. Along with Henry R. Schoolcraft, who in 1855 wrote "A letter on the affinities of dialects in New Mexico" (In Vol. 5 of Information respecting the history, condition, and prospects of the Indian tribes of the United States), Henry perceived comparative philology to be the key to unravel the origins of native groups. Languages, according to Henry's understanding, evolved from instinctive, mental, physical, and environmental factors, and consequently were able to proffer clues to universal, as well as these groups' particular characteristics."

Tags:Moundville, Indian, tribal

Abstract
This paper looks at the focus, impact and consequences of U.S. farm policies. In particular, it examines the 1996 Farm Bill, policy changes instituted in 1985, and the 2002 Farm Act. The paper concludes with an analysis of the consequences, whether positive or negative, of the Freedom to Farm Act.

From the Paper
"The United States has always supported its farmers through a number of different policies. This policy has included programs designed to distribute the nation's land in an equitable fashion, increase productivity, raising the standard of living of American farmers and helping them to market their products (Westcott and Price, 2001). US farm policy since the 1930s focused on price and income supports. Until the introduction of the 1996 Farm Bill, the price support system relied on a series of acreage limits and storage programs (Westcott and Price, 2001)."

Tags:american, small, large, farmers, farm, industry, products, subsidy, programs, crop, prices

Abstract
This paper examines the economic hardships facing American agricultural workers and farmers. It explains that recent persistent efforts of the national government to force American producers into a world market with little or no protection from competitive, subsidized production from other countries clearly illustrates one need to bargain for fair prices for American production. It discusses how farmers are entitled to the right to operate profitably and to extract the dollars needed to do so from the marketplace. The paper points out that the water rights are one of the ways that American farmers are helped by the government.
I. Water Rights Defined
A. Impact of Water Rights on Farmers
II. Water Issues and the Agricultural Industry
A. Farming Industry's Potential Regulatory Burden
B. EPA Strategy
C. Farming's "Side" of the Story
1. Potential Hardships Faced
III. Role of Agricultural Industry in Improved Water Quality
A. Benefits of Farming Innovations
B. Advantageous Farm Programs
1. Environmental and Economic Consideration
IV. Summary and Conclusion
V. Bibliography

From the Paper
" A water right is a legal right to use surface or ground water, as per the provisions of a particular federal or state Water Use Act . A water right allows a specific amount of water from a specific water source to be diverted, impounded, or withdrawn for a specific use. When a water right is granted, it becomes appurtenant to the land where the water is being used, for as long as the water is used. In some states where water naturally occurs as a common property resource, the landowners do not have automatic rights to either ground or surface water. In these cases, for example, if a farmer has a creek running through his property, he will need a water right to protect his use. Using water without a permit or certificate does not give the user a legal right to use the water."

Tags:market, farm, agriculture

Abstract
This document discusses Paradise Farm Organics, founded and still managed by Mary Jane Butters. The writer explains that Paradise Farm Organics produces, markets and sales its own branded line of organic and natural food products. The writer discusses that while Paradise Farm Organics maintains some distribution agreements with large distributors of specialty food products, it relies primarily on its established web business. However, its web based business is antiquated in the face of the active and integrated storefronts that technology allows industry competitors to access in today's market. The writer maintains that Paradise Farm Organics is in need of a complete overhaul of its internet sales channel, its operations, and a 30% increase in its access to raw materials or produce.

Tags:paradise, farm, organics

Abstract
In this article, the writer studies the farm policies in America during the Eisenhower and Kennedy years. The writer places primary focus on the specific moves of President Kennedy in this field. The writer discusses President Kennedy's actions, including raising farmer income, improving supply management and using farm surpluses to augment other programs.

From the Paper
"...... American agricultural production grew dramatically while the number of farm workers declined by nearly one-third. What some historians have described as nearly miraculous agricultural productivity was achieved. This was accomplished as a consequence of greater crop specialization, intensive use of fertilizers and increased mechanization of farm work itself. The decline of the family farm and the growth of what came to be called agri-business changed the environment in which agricultural production in the United States took place. Larger farmers benefited ... "

Tags:John F. Kennedy, farm policy, Benson, farm surpluses, Eisenhower

farm policy

Abstract
This paper analyzes the various themes in George Orwell's novel "Animal Farm." The paper explores the contrasts between the setting of a farm, the characters being animals, and the serious political messages of the book. The paper's author concludes that Orwell used these contrasts in order for the reader to constantly question the themes of the novel.

From the Paper
"The novel Animal Farm by George Orwell is considered as one having important and serious themes. Orwell is writing about the nature of power, the corruption of power, the nature of society, as well as a basic theme about good and evil. The importance of these themes suggests that the novel is one that Orwell wanted people to take seriously. The importance of these themes also suggests that the novel is one for an adult audience. These aspects of the novel create questions about why Orwell wrote it the way he did. Why did he base the novel on an animal farm, where the animals reject the humans and take over the farm? Why does Orwell have pigs as the main characters? These aspects of the novel do not seem to match the important themes of the novel. Yet, it must be assumed that Orwell had a purpose in selecting the setting, the characters, and the style of the novel. These issues will now be explored in detail, with the purpose being to understand what Orwell was trying to achieve with the novel."

Tags:George, Orwell, Animal, Farm

Abstract
This paper discusses the issues of should the Nantucket Sound wind farm be allowed to proceed and do the apparent benefits outweigh the risks that opponents have outlined? In a word: yes. According to the paper, the Nantucket Sound wind farm proposal should move forward in its development. It represents a renewable source of clean electricity that has minimal impact upon the region--both environmentally and economically. The coming years will see ever-increasing costs for nonrenewable sources of electricity such as coal and natural gas. The Nantucket Sound region has the ability to produce much of its own electricity, cheaply and efficiently. The region should take advantage of that resource.

Tags:nantucket, wind, farm

Abstract
This paper discusses the leadership Chief Plenty Coups of the Crow Indians. The author relates his including life, pre-reservation and on the reservation. The paper describes his fight to obtain Crow Indian rights from the U.S. government.

From the Paper
"Chief Plenty Coups of the Crow was born in the son of Medicine Bird and his wife Otter Woman. Chief Plenty Coups was named by his father as he had a dream that his son would count many coups live to an old age and become a chief ... of Plenty-Coups. All of these premonitions would be realized by Chief Plenty Coups and while he was instrumental in helping the Crow in battles against other ...."

Tags:Custer, Little Big Horn, education, ranching, farming, warrior, WWI, Crow Act 1920, Native Americans, unknown soldier, Congress, Bureau of Indian Affairs, Lakota Sioux, Montana, land rights