Abstract
This paper explains the content and style of Carl Sandburg's poem, "Prairie Waters at Night"; Ambrose Bierce's short story, "Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge"; Steven Crane's novel, "The Red Badge of Courage;" and Arthur Miller's play, "Death of a Salesman". The author points out that Carl Sandburg's poem, "Prairie Waters at Night," emphasizes the theme of the tranquility of waters at night by using repetition, alliteration, and sentence length to convey the sensations of a calming night by the water through sound. The paper relates that the works by Ambrose Bierce and Stephen Crane demonstrate the use of strong narrative; whereas, in Arthur Miller's play, "Death of a Salesman", the Requiem offers incredible ironies.

Table of Contents
Carl Sandburg's Poem, "Prairie Waters at Night"
Ambrose Bierce's Short Story, "An Occurrence at Owl Creek"
Steven Crane's Novel, "The Red Badge of Courage"
Arthur Miller's Play, "Death of a Salesman"

From the Paper
"Alliteration is also a technique that Sandburg utilizes successfully in this poem. The sound of the letter "l" is particularly effective in that it has a hypnotic quality about it. In the words willows, and laughter, we get a feeling of relaxation and ease associated with this scene. The vowel sound in the words long and drowse are also a form alliteration that forces to read the poem slowly. Another technique of sound that the poet uses is long sentences and line lengths. In this way, he forces us to read the sentences slowly, which reinforces the slow, tranquil mood he is trying to convey."

Tags:alliteration, sensations, narrative, requiem, ironies

Abstract
This report examines how three African-American writers-Dubois, Locke and Wright-have described challenges facing African-Americans and writers, and how they have set forth theories about the future of African-Americans in their writings. The report offers a comparative analysis of the three authors and then chooses one author as representative as the most profound and effective theory, also giving rationale for this process. This paper focuses on the position of Richard Wright, the author of "Uncle Tom's Children", W.E.B. Dubois and "The Souls of Black Folk", and A. Locke's "The New Negro" and these books' positions as a way to wake people up to see the problems of racial inequality in America.

Paper Outline:
Introduction
Comparison
Most Effective Theory
Conclusion
Bibliography

From the Paper
"Dubois arguably respected these other authors because they all shared the goal of racial equality, but he did not agree with them that submission and acceptance was the necessary way to achieve this goal. All three authors seem to recognize that they are writing at a point of crisis, but Dubois states that "In the history of nearly all other races and peoples the doctrine preached at such crises has been that manly self-respect is worth more than lands and houses, and that a people who voluntarily surrender such respect... are not worth civilizing" (Dubois, p. 246). Dubois also believed that Washington's practical ducational programs, which focused on industry and craftsmanship, while important, were less important than higher education that would provide African-American leaders rather than African-American workers."

Tags:racism, Big, Boy, Negro

Abstract
This paper examines the works of Gertrude Stein, Sherwood Anderson and T.S. Eliot - authors emerged from the second world war dissatisfied with the emotionless aura, rampant materialism, and shallow culture which seemed to stamp out art and the individual in America. The paper relates that the 'Lost Generation' authors wanted to break from the old-fashioned and confused society of post-war America. The paper also looks at how these authors accomplished this their writings which challenged romanticism through realism, structure and coherence through rhythm, and confined poetic construction through symbolism and literary allusion.

From the Paper
"The notion of romanticism, so popular during the 19th century, was passionately abandoned by the Lost Generation, particularly by author, Sherwood Anderson, who favored realism in his writings. Anderson wrote prose which generally dealt with issues of the individual's emotions and situation with the larger structuralized society. Particularly in the short story, "Hands", Anderson deals with the sorrowful existence of a man, unjustly accused of pedophilia and homosexual inclinations as a school teacher."

Tags:rhythm symbolism, literary allusion, realism

Abstract
This paper explains that, in "Journal of the First Voyage to America", Christopher Columbus describes the process of exploration and discovery and shows how the most significant part of his voyage is his encounter with the Native Americans. The paper also reviews Thomas Paine's "Common Sense" and explains that Paine writes strong and clear arguments to justify why New England should be free of Great Britain. The paper then relates that, in the mid-nineteenth century, Fanny Fern (Sara Willis Parton) stood up for women's rights in her book "Hints to Young Wives". The paper explains how, in this book, Fern provides examples of how a young housewife must cater to her husband's every need and then points out that the more a woman caters to her man's every need, the more her man will take her for granted. The paper includes quotations.

From the Paper
"Lastly, was the Nineteenth Century. The Nineteenth Century lasted from 1801-1900. The time period of the Nineteenth Century was one of social change. I view this period as the period of "voice". Women's rights, for example was one of the leading issues that faced this period. Women of this period were not at all treated as equal as the men. In the mid-nineteenth century the pertinent questions were whether women should be able to vote, keep control of their property even when they were married, have access to a wider array of jobs, and cast off some of the stays and multiple skirts that encumbered their twenty five pounds of clothing."

Tags:indians, revolution, colonial, women, marriage

Abstract
This paper outlines the normal values driving literary creativity today as compared to those of the Puritan beliefs of the early American authors.

Tags:comparing, american, literature

Abstract
The search for identity is a predominant theme in African- American literature, where the focus of many characters is based in the quest for a fundamental understanding of the self. This paper explores the search for identity in respect to the works of three noted African- American authors. These works are Ralph Ellison's "Invisible Man", Andrea Lee's "Sarah Phillips", and Toni Morrison's "Beloved".

Tags:finding, the, self

Abstract
This essay discusses how both Susan Power, in "The Grass Dancer", and Sherman Alexie, in "The Business of Fancydancing", illustrate the struggles of Native Americans to reconcile the past and present in a way that helps them endure and transcend worldly struggles and concerns.

From the Paper
"Despite their highly distinct format, both Sherman Alexie's "The Business of Fancydancing" and Susan Power's "The Grass Dancer" share many similarities. Both recount the struggles of Native Americans, though Power does so through multi-generational and historical storytelling, while Alexie does so through poetry rooted in contemporary society. Power takes readers from the present to the mid ...s and back again in following the story of Harley..."

Tags:identity, culture, alcoholism, poverty, history, metaphysical forces, magic, dreams, dysfunction, hope

Abstract
This paper reviews "The Tell-Tale Heart" by Edgar Allan Poe, poems by Emily Dickinson and the book "Rip Van Winkle" by Washington Irving. The author summarises each of the authors' works, analyzing their style of writing and the themes present in each of the works.

Outline:
Edgar Allan Poe - The Tell-Tale Heart
Emily Dickinson
Rip Van Winkle
Works Cited

From the Paper
"The author thus hints that she does not feed her hopes, emphasizing thus her pessimism. In another poem, A Bird Came down the Walk, the protagonist is a real bird. This time, Dickinson does not use the figure of the bird allegorically but rather as a symbol: the bird descends and kills a worm without being aware that somebody is watching it. The common element that links the poems is again the crumb: the poet offers the bird a crumb and is again refused, as it flies swiftly away. The theme however is very different: the bird refuses the crumb because it is satisfied in its own world, from which the poet is excluded. Thus, the two poems use the figure of the bird in very different ways, to represent different poetical themes."

Abstract
The paper discusses the Native American author, Donald Lee Fixico, and how he intended to introduce and defend the Indian worldview to a nonwhite audience through his book "The American Indian Mind." The paper explores other intents that Donald Lee Fixico had when writing his book and explains that he wanted his book to enlighten Native Americans, such as himself, whose cultural worldview is integrally and profoundly different than whites. Additionally, the paper offers an overview of similar authors and books such as, Calvin Martin of the collection, "The American Indian" and "Problem of History." The paper discusses the way Calvin Martin, through his writing, captured the ways that Native American religions and cultures have been conceptualized by white culture.

From the Paper
"It seems clear that Native American culture is never static. Ultimately, a true grappling with the complex interrelation of cultures that occurred, as embodied in Mary Young's essay, for example, is much more fruitful and edifying. Calvin Martin's view seems paradoxical, to some degree--even self-hating. He is a white historian arguing the impossibility of 'doing' native history by whites, writing from a post at a university outside of the tribal nations. Even Fixico's position to some degree is paradoxical, as he argues the separateness of the Indian worldview, even though he is bicultural individual. If one accepts Martin's argument that native cultures are biologically oriented, these cultures must have differed, based upon their geographical locations in the Americas, and much as Martin may dislike the impact of European and Christian culture, native religion and ritual undeniably changed, through the exchange of new material goods as well as cultures. The way that natives saw themselves, saw the world around them, and ultimately perceived their history changed as their material environment changed. Martin tries to make himself more of an apologist and a defender of Native culture as 'pure' than even many a Native American, and his attitude ignores those individuals, like in the Young essay who have adopted Christian concepts and rituals in a synergistic but ultimately creative fashion."

Tags:defend, world, view, paradoxical, separateness

From the Paper
This research paper is about the character, Bigger Thomas, portrayed in Native Son by Richard Wright, as the existential hero and his alienation from society and from himself.

The task of adjustment for Blacks in American society, particularly Black youths, is arduous, and made more difficult by the combined handicap of racial barriers and inferior social status. Personality deficiencies results and the behavioral patterns Blacks have learned in their own domestic and social environment are often inappropriate in greater American society, minimizing their chances for success - unless he is able to overcome the obstacles placed before him by a society which has a history of treating Blacks as inferior beings.

Native Son, a landmark in fiction, is the absorbing story of a "bad Negro" caught in the friction generated by his own ... "

Tags:AFRICAN-AMERICAN STUDIES, LITERATURE, AMERICAN: AUTHORS (ALPHABETIZED)