Abstract
This paper discusses the history and application of the 13th, 14th and 15th amendments to the United States Constitution. The paper analyzes each amendment and describes its importance with regards to the close of the slavery era in the U.S. The paper also discusses the implications of the landmark court-case, Plessy v. Ferguson and how these amendments related to it.

Table of Contents:
The History of These Three Amendments
Why Support These Amendments
The Thirteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
Who Benefited From The 13th Amendment?
Hard-Line Southerners and Their Evil Deeds
The 14th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution
Plessy v. Ferguson
The 15th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution

From the Paper
"In 1910, Arthur W. Machen wrote in the Harvard Law Review - forty years after the passage of the 15th - that this amendment has been "despised, flouted, nullified, evaded," and moreover, had never up to and through the time Machen wrote his piece, been backed by the High Court to assure the suffrage rights of black citizens. And indeed it took the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 to truly move the country forward into an era that the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the Constitution were supposed to open the door for. Jim Crow and Southern segregation were alive and well even up into the 1960s in some Southern states, as witnessed by the fact that President John Fitzgerald Kennedy and U.S. Attorney General Bobby Kennedy had to send federal troops into Mississippi in 1962 to allow James Meredith to enter the University of Mississippi."

Tags:segregation, slavery, Plessy, v., Ferguson

Abstract
This paper takes a look at the problem of overbilling by physicians and how managed care organizations aim to lower the cost of providing health care to the general public. Explaining the origins of managed care the paper describes the adverse effects that this well-meaning system has on patients - physicians are now spending less time with their patients not only due to confusing financial incentives, but also because they feel that care quality was being compromised with the now limited number of tests and referrals that can be made. A literature review that explores the ethical issues of cost-cutting based behavior of physicians,is included in the paper to provide insight on how financial incentives affect physician behavior.

Outline:
Chapter One - Introduction
Background of the Concern
Statement of the Problem
Conflicts and Capitation
Purpose of the Study
Delimitations of the Study
Limitations of the Study
Assumptions
Hypothesis
Chapter Two - Literature Review
Care Quality Components
Payment Methods
Physician Behavior
Kaiser Family Study Theoretical Implications
Financial Incentives
Theoretical Implications
Ethics
Project Objectives
Methodology
Population
Importance of Study
Data Analysis and Findings
Analysis
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In order to understand the current problem faced by physicians regarding Managed Care Organizations (MCOs), it is important to take a look into the background of the concern. Before managed care came about, indemnity plans and fee-for-service plans were dominant in the area of physician reimbursement. Payment for the services rendered by a physician was made regardless of the diagnosis made or the number of tests run. Individuals expected to pay the physician when their appointment was over, or they expected to make their co-payment and let their standard insurance company pick up the rest of the bill."

Tags:healthcare ethics, healthcare personnel, quality perfomance

Abstract
This paper looks at the relationship between the financial incentives that are offered to physicians and their behavior and their ethics. It evaluates, through a literature review and data support, the belief that physicians are spending less time with their patients under pressure from Managed Care Organizations. It shows how because less time is being spent with the patients, the quality of care offered by the physician has gone down and how this is one of the problems with managed care.

Outline
Introduction
Background
Conflicts and Capitation
Purpose of this Research
Goals of this Research
Literature Review
Quality of Care Components
Payment Methods
Physician Behavior
Kaiser Family Study Theoretical Implications
Financial Incentives
Theoretical Implications
Ethics
Methodology
Results and Findings
Discussion

From the Paper
"There was a problem with the MCO system, however. It created a conflict of interest for many physicians. The main concern was that the quality of care was being compromised because physicians had to be careful how many tests they ordered and how many referrals they made. Because of the quota, there may have been people who needed more advanced care and didn't get it. Not all physicians minded the system, of course, because there are some people in every profession who are only out for the paycheck. The physicians that were dedicated to helping their patients, however, soon took issue with the MCO system."

Tags:managed, care, organizations, patients

Abstract
This paper analyzes how, in the U.S.A. today, both of these amendments have come under attack and it describes the numerous social and political controversies surrounding them. The First Amendment declares that the government cannot encourage the belief or practice of any religion, while the Second Amendment says that the American public cannot be restrained from owning firearms. The writer continues by addressing the problems many have with this constitution. The writer concludes that these amendments will remain but will continue to engender controversy.

From the Paper
"The freedom of speech and of the press have also come under attack. The amendment mentions "free exercise" of the right to say what one wishes or print what one wishes; however, if a person was to publicly endorse the assassination of the President, that person would be quickly arrested and most likely thrown in jail, an act that stands in deep conflict with the idea of "free exercise."
Regarding the freedom of the press, the best example occurred in June of 1971 when the Supreme Court had to decide the landmark case in which President Nixon and the Justice Department tried to prevent the publication of the Pentagon Papers. The newspapers involved in the case then took their concerns to the Supreme Court and on June 30, 1971, voted in favor of the newspaper's rights to publish the Pentagon Papers. Of course, certain individuals, especially those in the Justice Department, thought that the publishing of these papers would affect national security. Either way, the 1st Amendment makes it crystal clear that the press has the right to publish anything it desires."

Tags:religion, weapons, free, speech

Abstract
This article examines the rights under the 1st and 2nd Amendments of the U.S. Constitution. The writer looks at how these Amendments relate to issues today. In this regard, the writer discusses issues such as the press being asked to divulge sources, display of religious symbols and gun control.

From the Paper
"The 1st Amendment states Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise thereof or abridging the freedom of speech or of the press or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. The 2nd Amendment states 'A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed'. The ... "

Tags:separation of church and state, freedom of the press, right to bear arms

Abstract
The paper relates that the state Department of Human Resources (DHR) seeks a way to encourage workers to telecommute. The conceptual framework of the current proposed study focuses on incentives that can be offered to encourage telecommuting. This paper explores a research method that would help explore the attitudes of the sample population and reflect on behavior and possible outcome.

From the Paper
"Conceptual Framework: The state Department of Human Resources (DHR) seeks a way to encourage workers to telecommute. The conceptual framework of the current proposed study focuses on incentives that can be offered to encourage telecommuting. The term "incentives" refers to any factor that can be used as an enticement to affect targeted behavior change. It is believed that if incentives can be offered to the target population, these incentives..."

Tags:research, method, likert

Abstract
Texas, Maryland, South Carolina, Kentucky and North Carolina are among those states experimenting with the idea of rewarding teachers and principals for student achievement. This paper argues that few teachers are in their profession for the money and even fewer teachers would prefer that their profession operate like a private industry- a climb up a corporate ladder determined by performance and evaluation. The paper argues that to turn teachers into competitors for bonuses, or financial incentives, is detrimental to the overall objectives of the teaching profession.

From the Paper
"There is also the question arising in some proposed merit bonuses for teachers well versed in hi tech subjects. The feeling is that this is the future direction, and far more important to the career plans of many students than merely the three R's and their elements. It seems rather incongruous to teach math in schools, permitting students to use hand-held calculators. What good is a teacher standing in front of clicking students? At the same time, how are teachers compensated who teach subjects not covered in government or school board-mandated tests?"

Tags:union, affirmative, action, compensation

Abstract
This paper explains that the classical school of criminology contends that criminal justice systems must be established to enable humans to make rational choices, which result in their choosing non-criminal actions, thus making the law a deterrent through a system of punishments and rewards. Next, by examining various amendments, the paper points out the ways that the U.S.Constitution, especially the first ten amendments, the Bill of Rights, embodies this principal. In addition, the author relates that, using the classical school of criminology, the Constitution sets up a courts system as a just system of punishment.

From the Paper
"Similarly, the thirteenth amendment is known as the amendment that abolished slavery, but another important connotation is contained within the wording of the amendment--that slavery, or rather "involuntary servitude" is allowable if a person has "been duly convicted" of a crime. While this is the amendment that allows prison work camps and work programs, as well as the requirement that criminals participate in the maintaining of their prisons, it serves a much larger purpose, mainly expressing that a right contained in the constitution may be taken away if citizens do not behave lawfully."

Tags:self-interest, human rights, courts system, amendments incentives

Abstract
This paper examines the factors that have led to the success of diversifying Dubai's economy. Using a comparative methodology, the paper analyzes the legal framework, economic incentives and political institutions of other Emirates within the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and countries in the Gulf region with similar diversification goals but yet lagged behind Dubai. The paper hypothesizes that Dubai's innovativeness in adopting best practices from developed countries in establishing a sound market economy has led it to become the first successful country among the UAE to diversify its economy.

Table of Contents:
Abstract
Introduction
The Oil Curse Literature
Dubai's Brief Overview
Comparison from Legal Perspective
Trade Companies Law Amendment
Draft Federal Foreign Investment Law
Companies Law
Comparison from Political Perspective
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Besides the negative economic consequences, advocates of this theory argue that abundant oil rents can result in dangerous political outcomes. These consequences can present themselves in form of political instability. Whereas oil revenues can initially pacify the citizens of a state, price fluctuations can significantly reduce a state's oil revenues, hence resulting in subsequent reduction in state spending. In any case, high levels of state spending are generally unsustainable in the long term due to the diminishing nature of resources. As the oil reserves of a state diminish, it naturally increases taxes on its nationals so as to maintain expenditures."

Tags:business-hub, curse theory, banking system, legislation stability

Abstract
This paper discusses the history of suffrage in the United States and it's affect upon the distribution of power between the Republican and Democratic parties at different points in American History. It discusses the three most central suffrage movements in the United States: universal white male suffrage, universal black male suffrage, and universal female suffrage and the expansion of voting rights that coincided with each of these three movements.

From the paper:

"While the universal white male suffrage progressions in the first period had more to do with the influential ideas of the French Revolution and democracy in general, an incentive to settle the western frontier, and increasing trust of the non-upper classes, the suffrage progressions of blacks and women came about from more deliberate effort. Two main reasons for the attainment of the vote by blacks and women is the weakening of the political parties and the increased activist role of the federal government that occurred in the twentieth century."

Tags:15th, 19th, 24th, amendment, civil, clause, electorate, enfranchisement, grandfather, literacy, movement, party, poll, power, rights, solid, south, suffrage, tax, tests, voting, women