Abstract
This paper discusses the achievements of the American Medical Association (AMA). It begins by describing the mission statement of the AMA and its goals and then discusses how it goes about achieving those goals. Next, the paper discusses some of the highlights and landmarks in the earlier development of the AMA. It looks at the AMA in a contemporary setting and finally discusses marketing with regards to the AMA.

From the Paper
"Marketing is also facilitated by the involvement of members and the medical community and in this regard the marketing strategy involves the distribution of flyers, posters and brochures as well as "Why join the AMA" talking points cards. (Marketing the AMA) This is also facilitated by the free print-on-demand services that the Website offers. Marketing to the public is also promo toted by extensive media exposure. This refers to the public health proposals, recommendations and resolutions that are made by the American Medical Association. For example, the AMA stand against smoking has achieved a high media profile, which I turn has promoted the Association's ideals and aims."

Tags:health, marketing, physician, confidentiality

Abstract
The paper first examines Virginia Woolf's essay "A Room of One's Own", which looks at the imbalance of power and rights between women and men. The paper also examines Ama Ata Aidoo's story "There Is No Sweetness Here", which focuses on the repression of the African woman and the tension between Western and African cultural views. The paper discusses how these two stories personify the struggle for women's rights.

From the Paper
"A series of lectures that was presented by Virginia Woolf not only had a remarkable story line but also a deeper meaning. Woolf was at the time considered a "'high modernist' and "was an advocate for both democratic inclusiveness and intellectual education." In bridging these two spheres, she forged a positive answer to one of her culture's most pressing concerns (Cuddy-Keane 1). This concern was the rights or lack thereof for women. Woolf achieved this distinction in her 1928 lectures to the Newnham and Girton Colleges on the topics of fiction and women. One of the most notable lectures that came from this time was the extended essay, "A Room of One's Own". This essay is sarcastically written about the imbalance of power and rights between women and men. During her delivery to colleges, Woolf was making a much bigger statement than the surface of this essay and others very similar alluded to. Woolf makes use of symbolism and suggestive roles in order to express her opinion on feminism."

Tags:power, males, gender, stereotypes, repression, equality

Abstract
This paper explains that, within Chapter 10 of Ama Ata Aidoo's "Changes, A Love Story", Aidoo's focuses on polygamy as a literary theme relates to the impending second marriage of handsome and charismatic Ali, whose Muslim faith allows polygamy and Esi, a recently divorced Christian woman who has left her unhappy marriage to her first husband, Oko, and is asked, within this chapter, to become Ali's second and current wife. The author points out that Aidoo implies the hurtfulness and, in this case, the deceitfulness of African polygamy as a practice not only for the second wife but also for the first. The paper relates that Chapter 20 stresses, implicitly yet very powerfully, the way Esi is hurt and neglected within her polygamous marriage; there is not enough of the man's attention to share equally, even if the wives lack for nothing materially.

From the Paper
"As a consolation gesture for his ongoing neglect, Ali surprised his nearly forgotten second wife with a flashy new, very expensive maroon sports car. The car, as Esi sees immediately, is both a consolation prize for his continued absences, and a bribe so that Esi will continue to tolerate them. This latest gift tells Esi that this, like all Ali's presents, have been used to pacify her, substituting his physical presence and the attention and emotional support she never receives from him. Ali's strategy for keeping two wives happy at once has been to shower Esi with gifts, since he has not being able to be in two places, with two wives, at once, clearly a serious drawback of modern-day African polygamy."

Tags:muslim, second, christian, attention, material

Abstract
Wal-Mart has enjoyed phenomenal growth since its inception in 1962. However, after nearly three decades of operations in the United States, the company realized that expansion was limited nationally, due to market saturation. This paper discusses how there are a variety of alternatives Wal-Mart may want to consider when expanding internationally and evaluates some of the alternatives as well as implementation, benefits and the risk factor involved.

Outline:
Analysis of the Relevant Facts
Root Problems & Components
Alternatives
Evaluation of Alternatives, Choice and Implementation
Alternative
How Does Expanding Internationally Benefit Wal-Mart?
What are the Risks That Wal-Mart Faces When Entering Other Retail Markets?
Why Do You Think That Wal-Mart First Entered Mexico Via A Joint Venture?
What Strategy is Wal-Mart Pursuing?

From the Paper
"There are a variety of alternatives Wal-Mart may want to consider when expanding internationally, to address this problem. They may choose to only enter markets where infrastructure is in place to allow their current logistical strategies to work effectively. They may choose to build infrastructure to support their facilities. They may choose to only offer products in which there is currently demand. They may offer alternative products hoping to spur new demand for previously unknown products. They may purchase current retailers and utilize existing supplier relationships, at first. They may require suppliers to expand their operations to regions where they are expanding, to facilitate their expansion. Lastly, Wal-Mart may choose simply not to enter any new markets. "

Tags:mexico, retailers, price, demand

From the Paper
"The United States is the only industrialized nation, other than South Africa, that has no national health insurance program. Throughout this century attempts have been made to initiate such programs but all these efforts have been defeated by a combination of political attitudes and economic interests that favor private approaches to health care. The result has been that the American health care system is dominated by private insurance companies, a fee-for-services basis for medical care, and a largely private system of health care institutions. Health insurance has largely come to be the responsibility of employers and individuals rather than of any public authority. Despite some governmental involvement in hospital construction, medical research, public health, and targeted programs such as Medicaid..."

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that the American Medical Association (AMA) first arose as a loose association of medical professionals and scientists in 1847. The writer points out that the group was intended to increase the standards of medical and biological education in North America, but was considered both impractical and utopian by many. The writer then looks at the mission of the organization today and discusses the political action committee's activities. The writer maintains that from Medicare to animal testing to malpractice insure, the AMA and the American Medical Association political action committee, which are, for all intents and purposes, one in the same, have served their beneficiaries as well as possible, through lobbying and outward pressure. The writer concludes that their methods may have brimmed over the line of constitutionality at points, but that should not mar the AMA's record because, as a political action committee, it has done all in its power to legally and persuasively enact legislature to assist America's doctors.

From the Paper
"Current president of the AMA, Ronald M. Davis, gave a speech in 2005, which highlighted the organization's illustrious history more than any political or economic agendas. At Smith Davis's initial meeting, over two hundred and fifty delegates from twenty-eight states voted to elect Nathanial Chapman the organization's first president. His first actions included those that would be deemed necessary by burgeoning doctors; the condemnation of secretive and patent medicine, which robbed business, and the establishment of a code of medical ethics and the world's first Committee on Medical Ethics to enforce the doctrines. By the end of the nineteenth century, the groundwork had been laid for the organization's present political sphere of influence."

Tags:standards, public, health, medical, doctors

Abstract
This paper discusses the health care crisis in the United States. The paper notes that health care costs have been rising beyond the rate of inflation for quite some time, and many Americans are starting to realize the severity of the issue. The paper examines the causes of the problem and discusses solutions that will help to minimize it. To analyze the situation, the paper looks at economic literature and then applies this economic framework to the current policies that affect the health care market. The paper continues by using the same framework and analyzes alternative policies and institutions and recommends a set of policies to best address the issue. The paper is illustrated with graphs and tables.

Outline:
Introduction
Literature Review
Class Probability
Insurable and Uninsurable Risks
Sub-Classification of Risks
Moral Hazard of Insurance
Analysis of Current Policies and Institutions
The AMA
Moral Hazard of Health Insurance and the Problem of Sub-classification
Incentives to Use Health Insurance
Public Health Insurance
Analysis of Alternative Policies and Institutions
Limiting the Market Power of the AMA
High Deductible Health Insurance
Health Savings Accounts
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The purpose of insurance is to pool a particular risk among a group of individuals so as to reduce the amount of risk facing any one individual. Risk can be defined as the uncertainty about a particular negative outcome occurring in the future. If the perceived risk is financial in nature, then an individual may choose to pay a fraction of the cost into an insurance pool, thereby eliminating the possibility of incurring the cost in its totality."

Tags:income-elastic, economic, framework, a, risk, based, insurance, pool

Abstract
This paper is written as a presentation to a board meeting of the American Medical Association (AMA), which includes a variety of professionals, such as physicians, researchers, business people, governmental representatives, and special interest groups. The aim of the paper is to persuade the interested parties that obesity should be considered an official disease in order to facilitate support for those seeking treatment.

Contents
Introduction, Background and Definition
Persuade the Scientists
Persuade the Advocacy Groups
Persuade the Federal Agencies
Persuade the Insurance Companies
Persuade the Drug Makers
Visual: Charts
Recommendations and Conclusions

From the Paper
"By officially declaring obesity a disease, avenues open for special interests groups to promote their ideas concerning our lifestyle, culture, and way of life in America. According to an article from American Family Physician, "the increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity reflects changes in society and behaviors over the past 20 to 30 years" (Lyznicki, Young, Riggs, & Davis, 2001). This clear transition in American culture is a warning sign to all concerned to combat the spread of obesity by ignorance and avoidance. According to Bonnie Liebman, a Nutrition Action representative, "300,000 [people] die from diet-related diseases and a sedentary lifestyle" each year. (Brownell, Liebman, 1998) This is a self-induced condition which advocacy groups such as Nutrition Action have set itself out to combat. People need to put down the fast-food that is clearly unhealthy and embrace a lifestyle filled with fruits and vegetables and other natural products."

Tags:fat, overweight, diet, health, medical, children, fast, food

Abstract
This paper presents a brief overview of the AMA Code of Ethics, which was written to prevent ill-willed marketing in business. The paper then explains how easy it is for an Internet company to get away with misleading customers by false and wrong marketing campaigns, including a number of real-life examples.

From the Paper
"One example of a violation of the AMA Code of Ethics' section, Rights and Duties of Parties in the Marketing Exchange Process ("Communications about offered products and services are not deceptive") is found in the unsolicited yet tempting email (e.g., spam) titled "Here's your 2 FREE air tickets, 2 FREE Hotel Nights + $100." Once the email is opened, the message urges the reader to "Claim your 2 FREE Round-Trip Air Tickets and 2 FREE Hotel Nights!" The URL inside the email exhorts the recipient to Hurry! Offer Ends Soon!"

Tags:commerce, e-commerce, advertise, special, false, law, legal

Abstract
The following paper examines the controversy over whether midwifery and home birth is safe as opposed to the practices of obstetricians who by definition are licensed by the AMA to practice obstetrics in a formal hospital setting. The author concludes that statistically, the number would at first seem to reflect that midwife assisted birth is safer, however, it is of the opinion of this writer that this may be due to their reluctance to accept high-risk patients. Direct entry midwives see birth as a natural process and obstetricians see it as a medical condition. This paper claims that both sides of the issue have equally valid arguments and these arguments are situational, depending on the particular case.

From the Paper
"The main technical differences between obstetricians and nurse midwifes is that obstetricians learn to [use forceps and perform cesarean births, abortions and hysterectomies Lee, 1997).] Nurse midwives are not allowed to perform these functions. Certified nurse-midwives are trained, in both nursing and midwifery. They perform [pap smears, prescribe birth control pills, and provide other routine gynecological care. They see a woman throughout her pregnancy, order the required lab tests, and deliver the baby in a hospital or birthing center (Hendricks, 1994).] Direct Entry Midwives cannot prescribe medicine or perform their services in a hospital setting. If a delivery being assisted by a nurse-midwife suddenly becomes risky, they would turn to an obstetrician to perform the needed services."

Tags:long, standing, controversy, natural, birth, method, medical, financial, certified, environment, center, setting