Abstract
This paper focuses on alternatives to incarceration, and whether they are in fact viable and fulfill the goals of punishment and the criminal justice system. The paper explains that alternatives to incarceration include, broadly, any court-imposed action that does not involve actual time in a prison; in the United States, these most commonly include rehabilitation (for drug crimes), halfway houses, parole, community service, and probation. The paper relates that these alternatives, while possible for any crime, are almost exclusively reserved for non-violent or less violent offenses.

From the Paper
"This paper will focus on alternatives to incarceration, and whether they are in fact viable and fulfill the goals of punishment and the criminal justice system. Alternatives to incarceration include, broadly, any court-imposed action that does not involve actual time in a prison. In the United States, these most commonly include rehabilitation (for drug crimes), halfway houses, parole, community service, and probation. These alternatives, while possible for any crime, are almost exclusively reserved for non-violent or less violent offenses."

Tags:incarceration, alternatives, prison

Abstract
This paper focuses on alternatives to incarceration, and whether they are in fact viable and fulfill the goals of punishment and the criminal justice system. The paper explains that alternatives to incarceration include any court-imposed action that does not involve actual time in a prison, and in the United States, these most commonly include rehabilitation (for drug crimes), halfway houses, parole, community service, and probation. The paper mentions that these alternatives, while possible for any crime, are almost exclusively reserved for non-violent or less violent offenses.

From the Paper
"This paper will focus on alternatives to incarceration, and whether they are in fact viable and fulfill the goals of punishment and the criminal justice system. Alternatives to incarceration include, broadly, any court-imposed action that does not involve actual time in a prison. In the United States, these most commonly include rehabilitation (for drug crimes), halfway houses, parole, community service, and probation. These alternatives, while possible for any crime, are almost exclusively reserved for non-violent or less violent offenses."

Tags:prison, recidivism, alternatives

Abstract
The paper discusses how the modern criminal justice system has been burdened with both the cost of providing for those incarcerated in prisons and the knowledge that incarceration is not always an effective deterrent to criminal activity. The paper looks at alternatives to incarceration that have often included house arrest, boot camps and intense supervision of the offender. However, the paper points out that these programs are relatively new in the states and will require more extensive studies over specific periods of time in order to evaluate their effectiveness.

From the Paper
"The modern criminal justice system has been burdened with both the cost of providing for those incarcerated in prisons and the knowledge that incarceration is not always an effective deterrent to criminal activity. Therefore, alternatives to incarceration have often included house arrest, boot camps and intense supervision of the offender. However, these programs are relatively new in the states and will require more extensive studies over specific periods of time in order to evaluate their effectiveness. Bourque, Cronin, Pearson, Felker, Han, and Hill (1996) contend that a boot..."

Tags:incarceration, alternatives, crime

Abstract
The paper discusses the field of victimology and its behavior analysis of victims of violence. The paper then considers alternatives to incarceration and relates that programs which prevent, treat and rehabilitate the offender have been gaining popularity. The paper then focuses on alternative penalties for tax compliance violators and the role of mediation as a means of reducing the load for criminal litigation. The paper looks at shaming penalties and considers the consequences of alternative sanctions. The paper concludes with the assertion that before alternative sanctions are fully systematized, decision-makers need to be aware of their social consequences.

Outline:
Alternatives to Incarceration
Alternative Penalties to Tax Compliance Violators
Mediation as Alternative
Consequences of Alternative Sanctions

From the Paper
"The behavior analysis of victims of violence shows that 75% of them experience emotional distress, often consisting of fear, anxiety, nervousness, self-blame anger and shame (Dillenburger, 2007). In many case, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder develops. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders of the American Psychiatric Association lists the behaviors from which a diagnosis is made. The victim's first response consists of fear, helplessness or horror after exposure to a traumatic experience. If the experience recurs, intense psychological distress or physiological reaction develops. The third behavior is persistent avoidance of the stimuli in thoughts, feelings, activities and interest. Then, persistent symptoms of increased arousal, difficulty in falling asleep or staying asleep, irritability or anger outbursts, difficulty in concentrating, extreme cautiousness, and exaggerated response of surprise (Dillenburger)."

Tags:victims, sentencing, incaceration, rehabilitation, mediation, taxpayers, shame, penalties

Abstract
This paper is a critical analysis of the solutions proposed by the Southwest Florida Water Management District and the Tampa Bay Water Authority to solve southwest Florida's water supply problems. More specifically, it seeks to the issue of cost-effective strategies to be utilized in southwest Florida to overcome the current water shortage, while minimizing impacts to water bodies and supporting future economic and population growth. The paper lists what a viable alternative must protect in terms of wild life and the environment, citing the World Bank's policy of minimum social impact. The proposed alternatives for increasing Southwestern Florida's water supply are described in depth followed by an analysis of the possibility of implementing them successfully. "Best Management Practices" are used in this evaluation process. The paper concludes that by using the "Best Management Practices" and forging relationships with legislators and other state government, Florida has the potential to resolve its water problems.

Outline:
Introduction
Description of Alternatives
Evaluation of Alternatives
Conclusions

From the Paper
"Two alternatives were evaluated using the established criteria. The construction of the Big Bend desalination plant in Tampa Bay, Florida, is one option that has been proposed for addressing water supply issues. The plant would use cooling water from a power plant-- which generates power for the process-- and turn salty ocean water to water fit for drinking and agricultural uses. If the plant is able to utilize new membrane technology to remove dissolved solids, the plant will supply 25 million gallons of water per day to the south Florida region and account for 10% of the total water supply by 2008 (Tampa Bay Desalination Plant, 2003). The Big Bend desalination plant was originally scheduled to being operating by December 31, 2002 but construction has been behind schedule. New estimates indicate operation by the end of summer 2003. S & W Water designed, built, owns, and will operate the facility. Water will then be sold to Tampa Bay Water for under $2.50 per thousand gallons over a 30year period."

Tags:water resources, urban development, aquifers, environment

Abstract
In this article, the writer notes that in today's economy, foreclosures are becoming a very common problem facing many Americans throughout the country. The writer first discusses the foreclosure procedures used in the United States and then looks at the different legal options that a homeowner may have when faced with foreclosure as well as the changes to real estate law that have taken place over the past two decades in order to alleviate some of the difficulties caused by home foreclosure. Next, different kinds of foreclosure and possible alternatives to foreclosure are explored. The writer concludes that although some financial experts predict that foreclosure rates will continue to rise for the next two years, it has become a priority of both borrowers and lenders to continue to create ways for homeowners to avoid foreclosure.

Outline:
Types of Foreclosure
Defenses and Alternatives to Foreclosure
Conclusion

From the Paper
"In the past, courts often favored lenders in foreclosure actions and the federal government offered little protection to those homeowners who were faced with foreclosure. However, in the past few years, the tables have started to turn in favor of distressed homeowners. Courts have begun to consider more closely the defenses raised by borrowers in foreclosure actions and lenders have started offering more in the way of workouts, including loan modifications, forbearance agreements, deeds in lieu of foreclosure and short sales. The federal government has also responded to the foreclosure crisis by offering assistance to qualified borrowers through programs that will make mortgage payments more affordable."

Tags:bankruptcy, homeowner, mortgage, loan

Abstract
This paper discusses the case of Deacon Blue, a twenty two year old male from Belfast who has been found in possession of drugs. The paper discusses his situation and the mitigating circumstances from both his past and present life that should affect the sentence he is given. The paper presents a pre-sentence report and offers possible alternatives to a prison term, particularly a custodial sentence.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
The Offender In His Or Her Life Setting
Offence Analysis
Risk Of Harm To Public And Likelihood And Re-Offending
Conclusion

From the Paper
"Having assessed Deacons history, circumstances and offences I propose that a custodial sentence is unsuitable in this case. Indeed, it is likely that such a sentence would produce more negative connotations and positive ones. At the moment Deacon seems to be committed to his family and helping himself out of the current malaise. The imposition of a prison sentence would go a long way to destroying the prospects of both. In this instance, a community sentence would be more appropriate along with a clear and definitive warning that any future infractions would result in a prison term. Furthermore, as Deacon has responded well to anti drug education in the past, I would recommend that such avenues be pursued to a greater extent. It is difficult to see what logical benefit could be derived from incarceration, whether for Deacon, his family or the wider community."

Tags:cannabis, drugs, community, offender

Abstract
This paper discusses the setting up of a vitamin and supplement manufacturing company, named Healthy Alternatives, Inc. The paper discusses the various aspects of the organizational structure of the company. It then describes the growth and development of the company and focuses on communication between the various teams within the organization. The paper is written in the narrative form.

Table of Contents:
Introduction
Organizational Structure
Sales and Marketing
General, Financial and Production Management
Learning Organization
My Company's Growth and Development
In-house, Inter-departmental Communication
The Cross-Departmental Teams
Superior Customer Service
Conclusion

From the Paper
"The net result of my teams is that people in the company are able to work together in a proactive manner to optimize customer satisfaction. For example, the Fulfillment Team meets monthly and continuously refines not only computer systems, but also the physical systems and processes in the building. Their goal is clear and simple: to improve the level of customer service. They succeed in this to a large degree because the various departments are not isolated from each other; all staff are aware of the big picture, and of what they can do to facilitate our continuing success. I have found that the more the different departments communicate, the more everyone realizes that they can create more opportunities for our business, and increase our opportunities to sell. Thus, we all work together to take a pro-active approach to the customer."

Tags:customer service, distribution manufacturing department

Abstract
This paper comments on two policy issues concerning alternatives to the use of federal debt instruments in open market operations by the Federal Reserve. The paper discusses the objectives and established practices of the Federal Reserve as they relate to the topic.

From the Paper
"Two policy issues are commented on in this presentation. The issues of interest are alternative approaches to the conduct of open market operations by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Open market operations are the coordinated use, by the Federal Reserve, of open markets to attain money supply objectives set by the Board of Governors. As the term open markets implies, participation in these financial markets are more or less unrestricted. In other words, these financial markets do not facilitate private transactions..."

Tags:Open, market, operations, Federal, Reserve, Federal, debt, Gold, Foreign, currencies

Abstract
This paper briefly describes embryonic stem cells and claims about the benefits of research. It summarizes findings and significance of these discoveries with regard to medicine and disease. It also discusses alternatives such as adult stem cell research.

From the Paper
" Landza, Thomas, Thomson, Pederson and Gearhart report that embryonic stem cells consist of stem cells obtained by fusing a patient's cell with an enucleated egg cell thereby forming an embryo. This ..."

Tags:Embryonic stem cell research, embryo